高三英语语法专题复习：动词ing形式课件

GrammarNon-finiteVerbs,学习重点：1.非谓语动词的种类;时态和语态2.用法3.考点,1.我看见那个男孩在吃苹果.Isawtheboyeatinganapple.2.在树下坐着的那女孩是我姐姐.Thegirlsittingunderthetreeismysister.3.学习对现代生活很重要Learningisimportanttomodernlife动词ing形式表示:1.主动;进行2.泛指,没有特别时间意义或习惯性长期性动作构成:V-ing形式由“doing”构成，其否定形式:“notdoing”,V-ing是可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。,动词ing,(not)doing,(not)beingdone,(not)havingdone,(not)havingbeendone,动词-ing形式的分一般式和完成式:,1.一般式:表示这个的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生.,2.完成式:强调这个的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成.,如:他们有说有笑地走出教室Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解.Havinglivedinthiscityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell.,观察句子，找特点.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Swimmingisherfavoritesport.我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。Irememberedsendinghimane-maillastweek.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.我看见那个男孩在吃苹果Isawtheboyeatinganapple.5.她的工作是保持房间干净Herjobiskeepingtheroomclean.6.由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解.Havinglivedinthiscityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell.,3,1,2,5,6,4,1动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。百闻不如一见。Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.2为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。争论这事是浪费时间。Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.,必背动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。Itsnogoodtalkingtohim.和他谈话是没有用的。Itisuselesstelephoninghim.Heisnotwillingtocome.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。Itsworthmakinganeffort.努力一下是值得的。Thereisnosayingwhenitwillstopraining.无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。,1表示主语的内容Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2表示主语具有的特征(动词ing相当一个形容词）Theproblemisquitepuzzling.这个问题很令困惑。,1.Herworkis_(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis_(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis_(bite)nails（指甲）.,动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。1能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，另一类是既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词(这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。)Fancymeetingyouhere!想不到在这儿见到你了！Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.建议用另一种方法做这件事。,既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：有些动词，如attempt,continue,hate,intend,like,love,prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。Theypreferspending/tospendtheirsummervacationinDalian.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。Iintendtobuy/buyinganEnglish-Chinesedictionary.我想买一本英汉词典。提示应尽量避免接连出现两上动词-ing形式。IamstartingtolearnRussian.我开始学俄语。避免说：IamstartinglearningRussian.我开始学俄语。,只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。,1.Hewasinlowspiritsandevenconsider_(go)away.2.Practise_(put)yourhandtotheground.3.Icanthelp_(have)thetriptoBritain.4.Donttellmeyoualwaysescape_(fine)becauseyouhaveafastsportscar.5.Leaveoff_(bite)yournails!6.Hedidntfeellike_(work),sohesuggested_(spend)thedayinthegarden.7.Youcertainlymustntmiss_(see)thewonderfulfilm.,going,putting,having,beingfined,biting,working,spending,seeing,8.Thedoctoradvised_(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour_(want)_(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed_(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids_(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested_(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine_(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom_(flood).,s,s,8.Thedoctoradvised_(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour_(want)_(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed_(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids_(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested_(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine_(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom_(flood).,s,8.Thedoctoradvised_(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour_(want)_(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed_(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids_(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested_(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine_(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom_(flood).,s,8.Thedoctoradvised_(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour_(want)_(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed_(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids_(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested_(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine_(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom_(flood).,s,9.Weappreciateyour_(want)_(help)usinourdifficulties.8.Thedoctoradvised_(stay)longerinhospital.10.Michaelhasdelayed_(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids_(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested_(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine_(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom_(flood).,tohelp,staying,wanting,writing,selling,giving,leaving,beingflooded,必背只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免putoff推迟keep保持consider考虑delay耽搁dislike嫌恶resist抵制mention提及enjoy喜欢escape避免excuse原谅practice练习mind介意fancy想不到feellike意欲finish完成risk冒险include包括forgive原谅giveup放弃suggest建议miss逃过imagine设想cannothelp情不自禁,1.感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe)/find等词+sb+doingsthWeheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。,2.感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe)+sb+dosth(用动词原形时，表示动作的全过程.)Hesawagirlgettingonthebus.他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。Hesawagirlgetonthebusanddriveoff.他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。,3have,get,leave,keep,set,catch(等表示“致使”的动词)+sb/sth+doingsth(作宾补）Theyshouldnotleaveuswonderingwhattheywilldonext.他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。Iwonthaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。点拨；如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词-ing形式。Isawhimentertheroomsitdownandlightacigarette.我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。,1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreadingrunningshoes=shoesforrunningaworkingmethod=amethodofworking,表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起来很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困扰人的问题,阅览室,跑鞋,工作方法,2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。3某些情况下，动词-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须用定语从句。作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。【误】Theprofessorcominghereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.【正】Theprofessorwhocamehereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。,动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。【误】Thetemplehavingbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.正】Thetemplewhichhasbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。,动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations.)2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Sincehewasill.),3表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=Althoughtheyknewallthis.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。,e.g._areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived,e.g.Havingfinishedmyhomework,IwenttowatchTV.,C,没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前所以应该用havingdone;此题又是表否定含义，分词的否定式为notdoing/nothavingdone;故选c,6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=.andstaredattheskyforalongtime他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。,-ing形式,-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法,A,Herushedtothetrainstation,only_thetrainhadgone.,A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofind,D,Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,v-ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.,Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed,动词-ing形式的逻辑主语,动词-ing形式作主语时，其逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的。Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。(Readingaloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来)点拨:如果作主语的动词-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般用物主代词或名词所有格(即名词后加s)Hisfathersfallingillworriedhimgreatly.他父亲生病使他很着急。(hisfather是fallingill的逻辑主语),动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.(stayingtoolateeverynight的逻辑主语是her),动词-ing形式作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它修饰的名词。aninterestingbook一本有意思的书=abookthatinterestsitsreadersarunningstream一条奔流的小溪=astreamthatisrunning,如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，就要用-ing形式的被动式。正在北京召开的会议非常重要。Themeeting_(hold)inBeijingnowisofgreatimportance(themeeting和“举行”之间的关系是被动的，同时此动作正在进行，所以用beingheld),beingheld,_(see)fromthemountain,wecanseetheriverrunningthroughthecity.Iamlookingforwardto_(see)youagain.Theboywasluckyenoughtoescape_(punish)Iapologizetoyoufor_(tell)youthetruthimmediately.Itsnouse_(try)tomakemebelieveyou.Thegirl_(sit)underthattreeismysister._(lose)hernewbicyclemadeMarysoupset._(receive)areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.Ismellsomething_(burn)tinthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?(2007全国卷）Toms_(attend)themeetingmadeeveryonether