第九次课 定语从句、状语从句

RevisionoftheAttributiveClause,概述：1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-,any-,every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit（them）inChina.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose,as。关系副词：when,where,why,一.定语从句的构成,两个简单句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.,=主从复合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.,先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词,先行词一般是名词或代词,关系词：引导定语从句的词,二.关系词的种类,关系代词关系副词,起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语,起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语whenwhywhere,Theman(whoisstandingthere)ismybrother.,关系词的作用：代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句,三.关系代词,Ihaveasister.+SheworksinShanghai.,=Ihaveasister_worksinShanghai.,Hewantstoseetheman.+ThemanisinShanghai.,=Theman_hewantstoseeisinShanghai.,Haveyoufoundthepen?+Youlostityesterday.,=Haveyoufoundthepen_youlostyesterday?,who/that,who/whom/that,(that/which),Doyouknowthegirl?+Hermotherworkshere.,=Doyouknowthegirl_motherworkshere?,Iliveinaroom.+itswindowfacessouth.,=Iliveinaroom_windowfacessouth.,whose,whose,=Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.,ofwhichthewindow,注意：关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语是可以省略的，但如果在介词后不能省略。Heborrowedthebook(that)Ijustbought.Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked.,ExercisesLookatthelady_nameisPochi.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.thatThosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whichThegirl_couldsingwellwenttoEurope.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whom,四.关系副词,Thisisthehouse.+Iwasborninthehouse.（介词短语）,=Iwasbornthere（副词).,=Thisisthehouse_Iwasborn.,=_which,注意区别：Thisisthehouse_Iwasbornin.,(which/that),where,in,Wewillneverforgettheday.+wewillholdtheOlympicGamesonthatday.,=Wewillneverforgettheday_wewillholdtheOlympicGames.,_which,注意区别：Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyoulastyear.,(which/that),Idontknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.,=forwhich,when,on,关系副词的运用,在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。e.g.1.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,_forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when,BD,注意：,1.Thankyouforthebookyougaveittomeyesterday.,在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，所以在从句中不能在重复了。,what不能用于定语从句中,2.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.,Tellmewhatyouknow.,that,tellsb.sth,3.在介词whom/which结构中，介词的选择Iwillneverforgettheday_whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_whichthetrainleaves.,Thisisthehero_whomweareproud.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom,根据先行词来判断,根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断,on,at,of,turntosb.forhelp,关系代词前介词的确定,(1）.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?(2).根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImsure.(3).根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,关系代词前介词的确定,(4).非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,关系代词前的介词的确定,(5).Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.,Canyouworkthemout?,Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,for,about,on,without,4.（名词、代词、数词、最高级）ofwhom/which结构中，表所属关系，”当中的”,Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthatisTaiwan.,which,Thereare54studentsinourclass,mostofthemareboys.,whom,5.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：,that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句,why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidntattendthemeeting.,在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略Hiswife,_youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.whose,在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有两个:which,as,Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.itB.thatC.whichD.he_isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What,区别：a.which只能放在句末，而as从句则还可以放在句首或句中。,b.从意义上讲，which意为“这一点,而as却可表示”正如那样“，有些as从句已成了固定句型,如：,Asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyousay,asIcansee,Asisreported,asyoumayhaveheard,几种特殊情况：1.只能用that做关系代词的情况,（1）当先行词是不定代词时,如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,none等或先行词被他们修饰时，关系代词只可用thate.g.EverythingthathappenedthenwaslikeanightmarePleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthematter.（2）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及thevery、theonly、thesame等词修饰时，关系代词只可用thate.g.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthesamefiercedogthatIsawyesterday.,(3)当人和物合做先行词时,关系代词只能用thate.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen(4)定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。e.g.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（5）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.（6）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?,2.只能用which做关系代词的情况,（1）.在非限制性定语从句中（2）.在介词后面（3）当先行词本身是that时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时3.But作关系代词引导定语从句时，要与具有否定意义的主句连用，先行词可以是人也可以是物，用于限制性定语从句中e.g.Thereisnomanbuterrs=Thereisnomanwhodoesnothaveerr.所有的人都会犯错误的。4.先行词是theway,后面一般不需要关系代词或关系副词e.g.NobodyelselovesyouthewayIdo.,3.,as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.,3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.,4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.,Practice：1.Heisoneofthestudentswho_herejustnow.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_herejustnow.2.Isthistheschool_youvisitedlastweek?Isthisschool_youvisitedlastweek?3.Itistheplace_theyoncelived.Itisintheplace_theyoncelived.4.Hehastwosons,eitherof_workshard.Hehastwosons,andeitherof_workshard.,were,was,which/that,theonethat,where/inwhich,that,whom,them,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou,(去掉),that,_,to,theone,Correctthesentences:,5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.,when,_,who,_,(that/which),that,Correctthesentences:,9.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correctthesentences:,13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.,as,who,_,_,_,gives,why,AdverbialClause,学习要点,什么是状语从句状语从句的分类从句与主句的时态一致,一、什么是状语从句？用一个句子（从句）来作另一个句子（主句）的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。,二、状语从句的分类。1）时间状语从句2）条件状语从句3）地点状语从句4）原因状语从句5）目的状语从句,6）结果状语从句7）让步状语从句8）方式状语从句9）比较状语从句,（1）时间状语从句用法要点凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有when，before，after，until，assoonas，while,as,whenever,since等，具体用法如下：1.when意为“当时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如：,Ifeelveryhappywhenyoucometoseeme.你（们）来看我时，我感到很高兴。Whenyouarecrossingthestreet，youmustbecareful.你（们）过街道时，一定要小心。when引导的时间状语从句，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。eg.HewasworkingatthetablewhenIwentin.当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwassleeping.当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。IwillvisitmygoodfriendwhenIhavetime.当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的好友。IworkedforaforeigncompanywhenIwasinShanghai.当我在上海时，我为一家外国企业工作。,注：when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。eg.Iwasfishingbytheriver，whensomeonecalledforhelp.我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。Wewereworkinginthechemistrylab，whenthelightswentout.我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯都熄灭了。,2.before意为“在之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如：Wecleanedtheclassroombeforeweleftschoolyesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。Hehadbeenacookbeforehewenttocollege.他上大学前曾当过厨师。after意为“在之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：Afteryouuseplasticbags，youmustntthrowthemabout.你（们）用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。Hecalledmeafterhehadfinishedhiswork.他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的第二句可改成：Hecalledmeafterhefinishedhiswork.,3.since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。eg.Wehavemademanydumplingssincewebegantocook.自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。Wehaventseeneachothersinceweparted.我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。注：常用句型：Itis+时间段+since从句译为：自从有多长时间了。eg.Itissixyearssinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。,4.until意为“直到时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，主句常用否定形式，notuntil意为“直到才”，这时的until可以用before来替换。例如：Illstayhereuntilyoucomeback.我会呆在这里，直到你回来。（stay表示的动作可以持续）Hedidntgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。（gotobed表示的动作不能持续）,5.assoonas意为“一就”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例如：Illtellhimaboutitassoonashecomesback.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。,6.while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与同时，在期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。eg.Theyrushedinwhilewewerediscussingproblems.当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。FatherwascleaningthecarwhileIwasplayingcomputergames.当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，译为“然而”。eg.Ilikelisteningtomusic，whilemybrotherlikesdoingsports.我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。,7.till和until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到为止”，nottill/until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用点动词。eg.Iwillwaitformyfrienduntil/tillhecomes.我要一直等到我朋友来。Wewontstartourdiscussionuntil/tillhecomes.我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。,8.某些起连词作用的名词词组，如：themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecond,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,allthetime,anytime,thefirst/second/lasttime也可用来引导时间状语从句：Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。,三级考试真题,_Susangetsontothetopofatallbuilding,shewillfeelverymuchfrightened.(2005,6)A.NowthatB.EventhoughC.EverytimeD.OnlyifTheyoungmanlosthisjoblastmonth,butitwasntlong_hefoundanewpositioninmycompany.(2006,6)A.beforeB.whileC.asD.after,C,A,三级考试真题,Theyhadtalkedonlyforafew_theyfoundtheywereofdifferentopinions.(2008,12)A.unlessB.whileC.beforeD.onceIllaskMr.Smithtoringyouup_hecomesbacktotheoffice.(2007,12)A.whenB.whereC.becauseD.although,C,A,三级考试真题,Thepolicemansawthethief_heappearedonthestreetcorner.(2006,12)A.notuntilB.aslongasC.themomentD.onlyifLiLeididntmeetthefamousAmericanprofessor_hewasonholidayinAmericalastyear.(2004,6)A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.whether,C,B,专升本考试真题,Thepatientknewnothingabouthisillness_thedoctortoldhim.(2003)A.afterB.whileC.untilD.since,C,（2）条件状语从句用法要点,主要连词,If,unless,provided/providingthat,suppose/supposing(that),as/solongas,incase,onconditionthat,由if引导的条件状语从句。if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就（不）会有主句的动作发生。例如：Ifitdoesntraintomorrow，wewillgotherebybike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。IfIgetthereearly，Icanseethedoctorquickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。,三级考试真题,Youcantgetadriverslicense_youareatleastsixteenyearsold.(2006,6)A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.though_youhaveanyquestionsorneeds,pleasecontactthemanagerafter5:00p.m.onweekdays.(2005,12)A.BecauseB.whereC.IfD.although,B,C,三级试题,_heisstillworkingontheproject,Idontmindwhenhewillfinishit.(2004,6)A.IncaseB.AslongasC.EvenifD.Asfaras,B,专升本考试真题,_hewasseriouslyill,Iwouldnthavetoldhimthetruth.(2001)A.IfIknewB.IfIknowC.HadIknownD.DidIknow,C,（3）地点状语从句用法要点,主要连词,Where,wherever,常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）eg.Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Wewillgowhereverthemotherlandneedusmost.我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。,（4）原因状语从句用法要点,常用的引导连词有because，as和since，三者的区别是：在回答问题的时候，使用because；对于显而易见的原因，常用as或since；as和since的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后。还有nowthat等Whydidyougo？IwentbecauseTomtoldmetogo.你为何去？那是因为汤姆叫我去。Hewasangrynotbecausewewerelatebutbecausewemadeanoise.他很生气不是因为我们来迟了，而是因为我们弄出了声音。Asitwasraininghard，wehadtobeindoors.由于雨太大，我们只好呆在家里。Sinceyoufeelill，youdbetternotgotowork.既然你感觉不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。,三级试题,Shedidntgotothepartylastnight,_shehadtofinishhertermpaper.(2007,6)A.ifB.thoughC.tillD.because,D,专升本考试真题,_youvegotanopportunity,youshouldtakegoodadvantageofit.(2009)A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas,A,（5）目的状语从句用法要点,常用的引导连词有sothat，that,inorderthat以便，为了，目的是,lest以免,forfearthat以免,incase以免，以防Pleasespeakmoreslowlysothatwecanmakefullnotes.请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。IshallwritedownyouraddressthatImaynotforget.我要把你的地址记下来，以免忘记。Isenttheletterbyairmailinorderthatitmightreachhimintime.这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语。eg.Weworkharderthanusualtofinishitinaweek.我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。,三级试题,Whenhewentout,hewouldwearsunglasses_nobodywouldrecognizehim.(2003,1)A.sothatB.nowthatC.asthoughD.incase,A,专升本考试真题,Whenhewentout,hewouldwearsunglasses_nobodywouldrecognizehim.(2001)A.sothatB.nowthatC.asthoughD.incase,A,（6）让步状语从句用法要点,引导让步状语从句的从属连词有although,though,as,while(虽然),evenif/though(即使),whatever(无论什么),whereas（可是）whetheror(不论/不管还是)以及“疑问词+ever”和“nomatter+疑问词”等。如：,Although/Thoughtheyarepoortheyarehappy.虽然他们很穷，但很快乐。Thoughheisveryold,heworkshard.尽管他年老了但仍努力工作。Tiredashewas,hesatuplate.他虽然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。WhileIlikethecolorofthehat,Idonotlikeitsshape.虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的形状。Illgoevenif/thoughitsnows.即使下雪我也要去。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.不管你信还是不信，这的确是事实。However(=Nomatterhow)tiredyoumaybe,youmustdoittoday.不管怎样累,你也得今天做。Wherever(=Nomatterwhere)Iam,Iwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。,注意：1.as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词必须置于句首，though引导的让步状语从句，也可将这些成分置于句首，但although等其它词引导的让步状语从句不能将这些成分前置。如：Hardas/thoughtheytried(=Although/Thoughtheytriedhard),theycouldntmakeherchangehermind.尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。,2.引导让步状语从句时，若提前的是可数名词单数，要省略不定冠词。如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.虽然他是孩子，但他却很懂事了。3.表示“虽然”的连词不能与表示“但是”的连词but连用，但可以yet或still等副词连用。如：译：虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。误：Thoughitwasraining,buthewentthere.正：Thoughitwasraining,hewentthere.正：Itwasraining,buthewentthere.正：Thoughitwasraining,yethewentthere.,三级考试真题,Young_heis,hehasprovedtobeanablesalesman.(2007,12)A.thatB.whoD.asD.whichHeboughtanexpensivecoat_hehadnojob.(levelB2003,12)A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.till,C,c,专升本考试真题,SomemembersofthestaffcouldnthandleMurrayscondition,hard_theytried.(2004)A.asB.althoughC.whenD.evenif,A,（7）结果状语从句用法要点,引导结果状语从句的从属连词有sothat（以致，结果），sothat,suchthat（如此以至于）等。如：Wearrivedearly,so(that)wegotgoodseats.我们到得很早，因此我们座位很好。Itwassohotthatwewantedtogoswimming.天气太热，我们想去游泳。Sheissogoodateacher(=Sheissuchagoodteacher)thatallthestudentslikeher.她是那么好的老师，每个学生都喜欢她。,注意：1.在口语中that常省略。如：IamsobusyIhavenotimetowritealetter.我是那样忙，写信的时间都没有。2.有时主句中还有倒装语序。如：Sobrightwasthemoonthattheflowerswerebrightasbyday.月亮是那样亮，花都像白天时那样鲜艳。,（8）方式状语从句,通常由as,（just）asso,asif,asthough引导。1）as,（just）asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just）asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体。例如：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。,asif,asthough两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的。例如：Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif（asthough）theyneverexisted.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）Helooksasif（asthough）hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）,说明：asif/asthough也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。,（9）比较状语从句,a.主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词+as+被比对象主语+谓语+notso/as+形容词/副词+(名词)+as+被比对象比较句的肯定形式还有thesameas,suchas；否定形式还有notthesameas,notsuchas,Yournameisthesameasyourfathers.Herdresswasthesamecolorasmine.Yourwatchisnotthesameashis.Inevermetsuchamanasyouryoungerbrother.,b.主语+谓语+形容词/副词比较级+than+被比对象在这种结构中，有时比较对象需要根据上下文内容进行判断；有时对象含蓄在主句中，这时后面往往是一个表示时间或条件的修饰语。,Takingthismedicinehelpstorelievehi