四级阅读理解.ppt

ReadingComprehension,Shirley,Overview,IntroductionVocabularyReadingskillsConclusion,Introduction,大纲要求领会式掌握4500词复用式掌握2500词常用词组,Introduction,WholePaperStructureReadingPartconsists:1/3time35%Fastreading15minutesReadindepth10minutesCarefulreading15minutes,Introduction,Astovocabulary灵活运用能力Quiz,Vocabulary,Howtomemorizewords/phrases,Fallasleep,Half-hearted,Forinstance,SmallTalk,Sentenceinterpretation,Longsentenceanalysis,Structure,考点分析1.动词非谓语形式Johnregretted_tothemeetinglastweek.A.notgoingB.nottogoC.nothavingbeengoingD.notobegoing,Structure,考点分析2.虚拟语气Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms_backbeforethedeadline.A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent,Structure,考点分析3.倒装句、强调句Solittle_aboutmathematicsthatthelecturewascompletelybeyondme.A.IknowB.IknewC.doIknowD.didIknow,Structure,4.固定句型，名词从句，定语从句，独立主格结构等。Idratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,than_aroomwithsomeoneelse.A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.ShareD.sharing,Structure,Strategies1.先看选择项，后看题句Itisoftheutmostimportancethatyou_hereontime.A.beB.shallbeC.aretobeD.mustbe,Structure,Strategies2.用排除法选答案Becausethefirstpairofpantsdidnotfitproperly,heaskedfor_.A.anotherpantsB.otherspantsC.theothersonesD.anotherpair,strategies,3.结构判断法_,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.A.AlthoughmuchhelikesherB.MuchalthoughhelikesherC.AshelikeshermuchD.Muchashelikesher,strategies,4.逆向思维法Theownerandeditorofthenewspaper_theconference.A.wereattendingB.weretoattendC.istoattendD.aretoattend,重点语法归纳,时态、语态虚拟语气:条件式和命令式非谓语动词:不定式、动名词和分词各类从句倒装、一致关系,虚拟语气,if引导的虚拟条件句的用法如下：时间if条件句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去时would(could,might)+动词原形)过去过去完成时would(could,might)+现在完成式将来wereto+动词原形would(could,might)(should)+动词原形,虚拟语气,命令式虚拟语气可归纳如下1）wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气Williamwishesnowthathe_EnglishinsteadofFrenchwhenhewasinhighschool.A.havestudiedC.hadstudiedB.studiesD.studied答案是C。,命令式虚拟语气,2）在ifonly感叹句中IfonlyI_whatyouwanted!A.knewC.hadknownB.knowD.haveknown答案是C。,命令式虚拟语气,3）在wouldrather(sooner)后的that从句中Idratheryou_thoseimportantdocumentswithyou.A.donttakeC.wonttakeB.didnttakeD.nottake答案是B。,命令式虚拟语气,4）在asif/asthough从句中Sheactsasifshe_theonlypersonaffectedbytheruling.A.isC.wouldbeB.wereD.willbe答案是B。,命令式虚拟语气,5）在Its(high,about)time后的that从句中,谓语动词一般用过去式。“Isntitabouttimeyou_todosomework?”A.beginC.shouldbeganB.havebegunD.began答案是D。,命令式虚拟语气,6）在suggest等动词及其相应名词之后的that从句中advise,agree,ask,command,decide,demand,desire,insist,maintain,move,order,propose,recommend,request,require,rule,suggest,urge,etc.,命令式虚拟语气,Thedoctorsuggestedthatyourbrother_hisrighthand.A.avoidtouseB.hasavoidedusingC.avoidusingD.avoidedtouse答案是C。,命令式虚拟语气,常见的相应名词有：advice,command,agreement,decision,demand,desire,motion,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,idea,order,plan,policy,wish,etc.,命令式虚拟语气,Ourdemandisthatanotherexperiment_.A.shallbemadeC.mustbemadeB.willbemadeD.bemade,命令式虚拟语气,7）在Itis/was+形容词后的that从句中这类形容词有：advisable,appropriate,essential,necessary,possible,preferable,proper,等。,命令式虚拟语气,ItsadvisablethattheSportMeets_owingtothebadweather.A.mustbeputoffB.beputoffC.couldbeputoffD.oughttoputoff,命令式虚拟语气,8）用在以lest,forfearthat和incase所引导的目的状语从句中，这时谓语动词多用should加动词原形构成。如：Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitshouldrain.带上雨伞吧，以防下雨。,其他情况的虚拟语气,1）公式化的句子中的虚拟语气：用动词原形（不和主语保持人称、时态和数的一致）或“may+动词原形”（经常倒装）构成的谓语来体现。如：,公式化的句子,Godblessyou!Mayyouenjoyyourholiday!Longlivepeace!Comewhatmay,wellgoaheadwithourplan.,其他情况的虚拟语气,2）错综时间非真实条件中的虚拟语气：Ifwehadsetoutearlier,wewouldntbewallingintherain.,其他情况的虚拟语气,3）在带有butfor引出的短语的句子中：Wewouldhavebeeninrealtroublebutforyourhelp.,其他情况的虚拟语气,4）在带有butthat从句的句子中:butthat从句中用陈述语气，主句中用虚拟语气。如:Butthatyouhelpedhim,hewouldhavefailed.(=ifyouhadnthelpedhim),其他情况的虚拟语气,5）With或without引出的短语有时表示和事实相反的情况，此时句子中的动词要用虚拟语气。Wewouldneverhavegottherewithouttheguide.(=ifwehadnthadtheguide),其他情况的虚拟语气,6）在otherwise或or引出的分句中，动词根据情况可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。如：,6）在otherwise或or引出的分句中,Hurryup,otherwise/oryouwillbelate.Iusedacomputer,otherwise/oritwouldhavetakenmemuchlongertofinishthework.(otherwise/or=ifIhadntusedacomputer),其他情况的虚拟语气,7）在假设情况由上下文或其他方式表现出来的句子中，如：Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthehasbeensobusy.Hewouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.,重点语法归纳,非谓语动词：不定式，动名词和分词,动词不定式,有些动词可用不定式作宾语：afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,choose,claim,decide,demand,desire,expect,fail,fear,forget,hate,help,hesitate,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,offer,plan,prefer,refuse,remember,start,want,wish等。,动名词,有些动词只能用动名词作宾语，如：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,deny,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,postpone,practice,suggest,spend,quit,recall,resist等。,动名词,常见的后接动名词作宾语的动词短语有：approveof,counton,dependon,giveup,insiston,keepon,succeedin,thinkabout,putoff,persistin,relyon,canthelp,beusedto,betteroff,feellike,leaveoff,lookforwardto,等。,Quiz,1.Thechildrenwenttheretowatchtheirontower_A.toerectC.erectingB.beerectedD.beingerected2.Thespeaker,_forhersplendidspeeches,waswarmlyreceivedbytheaudience.AHavingknownB.beingknownC.KnowingD.known,3.IwasaskedifIwouldconsider_theinvitation.(accept)4.Ihavenoobjectionto_yourstoryagain.A.HearingB.hearC.tohearD.heard5._thejokebefore,Ididnotfinditfunnythesecondtime.A.HearingB.HeardC.tohearD.Havingheard,6.Theypreferredtostayathome_.A.thangotothemoviesB.thantogotothemoviesC.ratherthangotothemoviesD.ratherthantogotothemovies7.Hesaidthetablewanted_.A.torepairB.repairingC.repairedD.beingrepaired,8.Ifthemaidcomestoday,pleasehaveher_myshirts.A.washedB.washingC.towashD.wash9.Theteacherdoesntpermit_inclass.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.tohavesmoke10._withtheearningsofthepastthreeyears,theincomeofthecompanywasgreaterthaneverbefore.(compare)Tobecompared/comparing/compared/,Keys:,15DDacceptingAD610CBDBC,名词从句,主语从句Thatthenoonmovesroundtheearthiswellknowntoallofus.Whattheyareafterisprofit.Whenthemeetingistobeheldhasnotyetbeendecided.Whethershewilljoinuswontmaketoomuchdifference.Whichwayismoreeffectiveisstillaquestion.,主语从句,按照英语的习惯，有些句子可以把it放在句首，作形式主语，而将主语从句放在后面。Itiswellknowntoallofusthatthemoonmovesroundtheearth.Ithasnotyetbeendecidedwhenthemeetingistobeheld.Itwontmaketoomuchdifferencewhethershewilljoinus.Itisstillaquestionwhichwayismoreeffective.,表语从句,Myquestionishowinformationisstoredinthelong-termmemory.Thiswasjustwhenourcompanywasbeingformed.Thatswhywedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.,同位语从句,主句中有些词义比较抽象的名词，如belief,doubt,evidence,idea,fact,hope,possibility,thought等，可以用that或连接代（副）词引出的从句作同位语，叫作同位语从句。Thereisnodoubtthatalargenumberofpeoplebenefitfromheartsurgery.ThereisthenewsthatsomeBritishcustomerswillvisitourcompany.Weallknowthefactthatorganizationhelpsmemorization.,重点语法归纳,倒装句1）否定意义的词位于句首引起的倒装，如：barely,hardly,scarcely,seldom,never,nowhere,little等。,倒装句,LittledidIthinkayearagothatIcouldworkforyourcompany.Neverbeforehasourcountrybeensorapidlydevelopingasitistoday.,倒装句,2）否定意义的短语位于句首于引起的倒装atnotime从不，从来没有bynomeans决不，决不是innocase决不innoway决不undernocircumstance决不,倒装句,invain徒劳nolonger不再，已不nomore不再，也不noteventhen甚至连也不notforamoment从不notuntil直到才onnoaccount决不,倒装句,Undernocircumstancesshallwediscontinuetheworkwevebegun.Innowaycantheorybeseparatedfrompractice.,倒装句,3）一些短语性连词引起的倒装notonlybut(also)不仅而且nosoonerthanhardly(scarcely)when一就,倒装句,Hardlyhadhesaidanythingbeforeheleft.Scarcelyhadshefallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorawakenedher.NosoonerhadAnnearrivedtherethanhefellin.,倒装句,4）only+状语位于句首引起的倒装，如：Onlythendidthedoctorrealizethathispatientneededmoney.Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourpricetosomeextentcanweconcludethebusiness.,倒装句,5）so,nor,neither引起的倒装，如：RichardcanspeakJapanese.Socanhissister.Hedidntsayanything.Nor(Neither)didhisassistant.,倒装句,7）强调性倒装：如so,hence,nowhere,thus等副词位于句首以示强调时。Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.Thenfollowsthefashionshow.,倒装句,7）句子成分前提引起的倒装为强调句子中的某一成分（如表语、宾语或状语等），常将该成分提前置于句首，造成倒装。如：Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.,倒装句,8）as引导的让步状语从句TryasImight,Icouldnliftthestone.,倒装句,9）省略连词if的虚拟条件句中的倒装若虚拟条件句中含有were或had,should等助动词或情态动词时，连词if可被省略。省略后，主句不变，if从句的主谓要颠倒，将were之类的词提至句首，形成倒装。,倒装句,Hadtheynotbeenworkingsohard,theywouldnothaveachievedsomuch.,平行结构,见资料,一致关系,真题练习,1.Jackwishesthathe_businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A.studiesB.studyC.hadbeenstudyingD.hadstudied2.Whilecrossingthemountainarea,allthemencarriedgunslest_bywildanimals.A.shouldbeattackedB.hadbeenattackedC.mustbeattackedD.wouldbeattacked,真题练习,3.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed4.Hesaidthatthedrivermusthavehadanaccident;otherwisehe_bythen.A.wouldhavearrivedB.musthavearrivedC.shouldarriveD.wouldarrive,真题练习,5.Idontmind_thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmakingC.yourdelayingtomakeD.yourdelaytomake6.Theroomisinterriblemess;it_cleaned.A.canthavecleanB.shouldnthavebeenC.mustnthavebeenD.wouldnthavebeen,Vocabulary,考点分析词类相同词义不同的词或词组。多义词、同义词、近义词、近形词。短语动词，即动词+小品词。固定搭配，包括名词+介词、名词+形容词、动词+名词等。,1.词类相同词义不同,The_ofbloodalwaysmakeshimfeelsick.A.formB.viewC.LookDsight,2.近义词,Althoughtheyplanttreesinthisareaeveryyear,thetopsofsomehillsarestill_.A.blankB.hollowC.vacantDbare,3.同根词,Thefootballgamecomestoyou_fromNewYork.A.livelyB.aliveCliveD.living,4.近形异义词,Wemust_ourforestsandwoodlandsforfuturegenerations.A.reverseB.reserveCconserveD.convert,5.固定搭配,Inrecentyearsmuchmoreemphasishasbeenput_developingthestudentsproductiveskills.A.ontoB.inC.overDon,Vocabulary,应试技巧1.根据词的固定搭配选择答案（记住介、副词的本意是关键）Heisindifferent_hardshipsanddangers.A.ofB.inCtoD.at,Vocabulary,get使getsth.acrossgetintogetthroughgetovergetalonggetawaygetsb.downgetdownto,Vocabulary,应试技巧2通过区别同义或近义词。（本质区别最重要）Inthetheatretheactorsarevery_tothereactionoftheaudience.A.sensibleBsensitiveC.emotionalD.positive,Vocabulary,应试技巧3根据上下文的逻辑含义以及主从句之间的关系选择答案Thenightwasso_thatnotasoundcouldbeheard.AquietB.darkC.beautifulD.dangerous,Vocabulary,应试技巧4根据常识选择答案MarkTwainwasnottheauthorsrealname;itwasa_.A.nicknameBpseudonymC.SurnameD.sign,Vocabulary,e.g.Adarksuitis_toalightoneforeveningwear.A.favorableB.suitableCpreferableD.proper,Vocabulary,应试技巧5采用排除法选择答案Whenhefoundthathiscarwasstolen,hewasmadwith_.A.delightBwrathC.indiffere