2019-2020学年高中英语 课后限时作业13 外研版选修8

课后限时作业(十三)(见课时作业p25)语言知识练.单句语法填空1_accustomed_(accustom) to climbing the steep mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top.2he sat there, his arms _crossed_(cross) in front of his chest.3he witnessed to _having_seen_(see) the man steal the wallet.4i have no patience _with_ people who like to smoke in restaurants.5it is said that miss white had some difficulty in studying the _advanced_(advance) maths.6the teachers jokes made the students burst into _laughter_(laugh). 7_assuming_(assume) it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.8he serves the public wholeheartedly in spite _of_ his personal gain or loss. 9as soon as he opened the mouth, everyone burst out _laughing_(laugh)10you will need _patience_(patient) if you want to serve in this shop.句型训练1假定你是对的， 我们下一步应该怎么办？_assuming_that_you_are_right_， what should we do next?2等他们到达时， 飞机已经离开了。_by_the_time_they_arrived_， the plane had left.3有那么多问题要解决， 这位新经理感到很疲惫。(独立主格结构)_so_many_problems_to_settle_， the new manager felt very tired.4我本希望到车站送她， 但是我当时太忙了。i _had_hoped_ to see her off at the station, but i was too busy then.5飞行员翟志刚已经成为第一个在太空行走的中国人。astronaut zhai zhigang has become the first chinese _to_walk_in_space_.课文语法填空 neil armstrong first set foot on the moon back on 21st july, 1969, 1._which_ was one small step for man, but one giant leap for mankind. people have become 2._accustomed_(accustom) to the idea of space travel. millions of people watched that first moon 3._landing_(land) on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and 4._dangerous_(danger) an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.later, people were no longer enthusiastic about a space travel programme because 5._of_ its high cost. the first shuttle flight into space was the columbia6._launched_(launch) from the kennedy space centre on 12th april, 1981, which was the start of a new age of space travel. in 1986, the challenger carrying the first civilian, christa, who hoped 7._to_communicate_(communicate) a sense of excitement and create new interest in the space programme, exploded just over one minute after 8._taking_(take) off in florida and all seven astronauts 9._were_killed_(kill). the space disaster makes us feel that we are neither russians 10._nor_ americans. we are just human beings who have the same feelings.高考题型练.阅读理解an article published in the prestigious scientific journal nature sheds new light on an important, but up to now little appreciated, aspect of human evolution. in this article professors dennis bramble and daniel lieberman suggest that being able to run is the necessary condition for the development of our species, which enabled us to come down from the trees. this challenges traditional scientific thinking, which claims that the distinctive, upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a byproduct of walking. furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared with such animals as dogs, horses or deer. however, this is only true if we consider running at high speed, especially over short distances. but when it comes to longdistance running, humans do astonishingly well. they can keep a steady pace for many kilometres, and their overall speed is at least the same as that of horses or dogs.bramble and lieberman examined 26 physical features found in humans. one of the most interesting features is the nuchal ligament(项韧带). when we run, this ligament prevents our head from moving back and forth or from side to side. therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. the nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates, such as apes and monkeys. then there are our achilles tendons(跟腱) at the backs of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our heel bonesand which have nothing to do with walking. when we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to push us forward. furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders virtually disconnected from our skulls(颅骨), a physical development which allows us to run more efficiently.but what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good longdistance runners? perhaps it permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. “what these features and facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other meateating animals for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today, ” says lieberman. some scientists put forward the theory that early humans chased animals for great distances in order to exhaust them before killing them. “research on the history of humans ability to move has traditionally been controversial, ” says lieberman. “at the very least, i believe this theory will motivate many researchers to reevaluate and further investigate how humans learned to run and walk and why we are built the way we are.” 本文为应用文， 主要介绍了发表在自然杂志上有关人类进化的新研究成果。1in paragraph 1, what do the two professors suggest about humans ability to run?ait is an evolutionary byproduct of walking.bit helps to form peoples ability to climb trees.cit has played an important role in human evolution.dit has been adequately studied by scientists before.解析 c推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可推知， 两个教授关于人类能跑的论述表明了跑在人类进化中起着关键性作用， 故选c项。2what can we infer from the physical characteristics examined by the professors?aachilles tendons assist people to walk long distances.bthe human skull helps people to run more efficiently.cpeoples shoulders allow them to look from side to side.dthe nuchal ligament enables people to hold their head steady.解析 d推理判断题。根据第二段第三、四句可推知， 项韧带让人类在跑的时候头部稳定， 不会来回左右摇摆， 故选d项。3according to paragraph 3, scientists believe that early humans _.aalways came across dangerous situations in lifebran after animals for long distances when huntingcoften failed to find food because they couldnt run fastddeveloped their hunting skills by running long distances解析 b细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知， 早期人类在捕猎时追逐动物很远距离， 故选b项。4professor lieberman thinks the new theory will _.acompletely explain how running developedbrevolutionize the theory of human evolutioncencourage more indepth studies on the topicdbe widely supported within the scientific community解析 c细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知， lieberman认为这个新的理论有利于对此课题进行进一步深入的研究， 故选c项。.七选五food. water. air. shelter. all living things have these basic needs.on earth, we know where to find them. in space, these items usually have to be carried from earth. so it would be impossible to carry so many supplies from earth. _1_cleaning and recycling the air is a big concern for nasa scientists as we plan for longer trips in space. in space and on earth, human beings breathe out carbon dioxide(co2). so air inside the spacecraft must be “cleaned” to remove extra carbon dioxide in order to make it safe for the astronauts. some of the extra carbon dioxide is released into outer space. _2_ backup systems are in place to ensure that extra carbon dioxide isnt trapped in an astronauts living space.currently, each astronaut aboard the international space station uses about 3 gallons of water daily. an astronaut on an extended stay on the iss could use up to 10.6 tons of water per year. _3_currently, all food astronauts need during their mission is carried into space. to avoid carrying such large amounts of food, scientists are working on ways to grow or “create” that food. _4_ they may also help recycle carbon dioxide into oxygen.a human beings basic needs will not change whether he lives on earth or travels to mars. _5_ nasa scientists are working to find new ways to supply all that well need for longduration space flights.aplants may be a food source.bhow do astronauts find water in space?cwater will have to be recycled in space.drecycling is one solution to this problem.ethey must find ways to settle the problem.fwhat will change is how we meet these needs.goxygen may be removed and used from some of the carbon dioxide.本文为说明文。食物、空气、水、居所是我们生存的必需品， 这些东西在地球上随处可见， 但是宇航员无法带那么多的物品到太空， 他们是如何解决这一问题的呢？1解析 d总分关系。上文谈到“宇航员无法带那么多的物品到太空”可知， 所填的句子应该提供解决的办法， d项(回收利用就是解决这个问题的一种方法)符合语境， 故选d项。2解析 g顺承关系。上文提到二氧化碳， 下文也提到二氧化碳， g项(一些二氧化碳中的氧气可以被提取出来使用)和上下文语境一致， 故选g项。3解析 c递进关系。本段谈论的是宇航员使用的水， 水也需要回收利用， 故选c项。4解析 a诠释关系。上文提到科学家研究解决太空的食物问题， 根据grow和下文中的they may also help recycle carbon dioxide into oxygen可知， a项符合语境， 故选a项。5解析 f递进关系。上文提到人的基本需求是不会变的， 下文说美国宇航局的科学家们正在寻找新的方法， 由此可知， 所填的句子应为衔接上下文的句子， f项符合语境， 故选f项。.短文改错 is known to all that we students of today have to fix our atten