2020-2021学年高中英语 课时分层作业1 Unit 1 Great scientists Section Ⅰ Warming Up Pre-reading Reading 新人教版必修5

课时分层作业(一)section warming up pre-reading reading(建议用时：30分钟)高考题型练习提能力.阅读理解ajohn von neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker，and his speed of learning new ideas and of solving problems stood out early.at 17，his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor life being a mathematician，and so von neumann agreed to study chemistry as well.in 1926，at 23，he received a degree in chemical engineering and a ph.d.in mathematics.from then on，mathematics provided well enough for him，and he never had to turn to chemistry.in 1930，von neumann visited princeton university for a year and then became a professor there.his first book was published in 1932.in 1933，the institute for advanced study was formed，and he became one of the 6 fulltime people(einstein was one of the others)in the school of mathematics.world war hugely changed von neumanns areas of interest.until 1940 he had been a great pure(纯粹的)mathematician.during and after the war，he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice.during the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions.after the war，von neumann continued his work with computers，and was generally very active in government service. he received many awards，was president of the american mathematical society and was a member of the atomic energy commission.he died in 1957 of cancer.von neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place history.he will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.von neumann really was a legend(传奇)in his own time，and there are a number of stories about him.his driving ability is a part of this legend.he reported one accident this way，“i was driving down the road.the trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour.suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了伟大的数学家john von neumann(约翰冯诺依曼)的生平事迹。1according to the text，von neumanns father believed that_.a. a mathematician couldnt earn a lot of moneyba mathematician needed a good memorycvon neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same timedvon neumann had a gift for solving problems at a high speeda 细节理解题。根据第一段“his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor life being a mathematician”可知，他的父亲认为数学家的生活可能会比较清贫。2von neumann published his first book at the age of_.a23b26c29d32c推理判断题。根据第一段“in 1926，at 23.”和第二段“his first book was published in 1932.”不难得出，他29岁时出版了第一本书。3how did world war affect john von neumann?ahe realized the importance of engineering.bhe began to research how to put mathematics into practice.che left college and served at the government department.dhe lost interest in chemistry.b细节理解题。根据第三段前三句可知，第二次世界大战使他的兴趣从纯粹数学领域转到了应用数学领域。4which of the following is true of von neumann?ahe had three children.bhe died from an accident.che received many awards in his life.dhe and einstein were classmates in princeton university.c细节理解题。a选项对第一段第一句话理解有误，是错误的；由第三段末句可知，b选项错误；由第三段第六句可知，c项正确；由第二段末句可知，d项错误。bwatching some children trying to catch butterflies one hot august afternoon，i was reminded of an incident in my own childhood.when i was a boy of 12 in south carolina，something happened to me that cured me forever of wanting to put any wild creature in a cage.we lived on the edge of a wood，and every evening at dusk the mockingbirds would come and rest in the trees and sing.there isnt a musical instrument made by man that can produce a more beautiful sound than the song of the mockingbird.i decided that i would catch a young bird and keep it in a cage and in that way i would have my own private musician.i finally succeeded in catching one and put it in a cage.at first，in its fright at being captured，the bird fluttered about the cage，but eventually it settled down in its new home.i felt very pleased with myself and looked forward to some beautiful singing from my tiny musician.i had left the cage out on our back porch，and on the second day of the birds captivity(囚禁) my new pets mother flew to the cage with food in her mouth.the baby bird ate everything she brought to it.i was pleased to see this.certainly the mother knew better than i how to feed her baby.the following morning when i went to see how my captive was doing，i discovered it on the floor of the cage，dead.i was shocked! what had happened! i had taken excellent care of my little bird，or so i thought.arthur wayne，the famous ornithologist，happened to be visiting my father at the time，hearing me crying over the death of my bird，explained what had occurred.“a mother mockingbird，finding her young in a cage，will sometimes bring it poison berries.she thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”never since then have i caught any living creature and put it in a cage.all living creatures have a right to live free.【语篇解读】本文讲述了“我”小时候抓了一只会唱歌的模仿鸟，在吃了鸟妈妈带来的食物后，小鸟不幸夭折的故事。这个故事告诉我们，每个生物都有自由地活着的权利。5why did the writer catch a mockingbird when he was a boy of 12?ahe had just got a new cage.bhe liked its beautiful feather.che wanted it to sing for him.dhe wanted a pet for a companion.c细节理解题。根据第三段“i decided that i would catch a young bird and keep it in a cage and in that way i would have my own private musician.”可知答案为c。6the mockingbird died because it _.awas frightened to deathbate the poisonous food its mother gave itcrefused to eat anythingddrank the poisonous water by mistakeb推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“a mother mockingbird，finding her young in a cage，will sometimes bring it poison berries.she thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”可知，小鸟死于吃了母亲给的食物。7an ornithologist probably means _.aa religious personba kind personca schoolmasterdan expert in birdsd词义猜测题。根据此人对模仿鸟死亡做的解释，可知他是鸟类专家。故答案为d。8what is the most important lesson the writer learned from the incident?afreedom is very valuable to all creatures.ball birds put in a cage wont live long.cyou should keep the birds from their mother.dbe careful about food you give to baby birds.a推理判断题。根据最后一段“never since then have i caught any living creature and put it in a cage.all living creatures have a right to live free.”可知，他明白自由对任何生物都是无价的。【解题策略】顺藤摸瓜，猜测词义猜测词义题，我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义。比如第7小题。根据此人对模仿鸟死亡做的解释，可知他是鸟类专家。故答案为d。.阅读七选五no one likes to fail.whether its at work，at home，or in another area of your life，failure is painful and it can also be costly in terms of time，money，or both. 1 if you never suffer a failure，then youre probably not pushing yourself to your full potential.the following are some tips on how to pick yourself up after youve failed.remember that other people fail too. 2 theyll tell you about that great new contract they signed，not the deal that failed eventually though they worked on it for months.but failure is normal，and lots of people fail time and time again before meeting with success.remind yourself of your past successes.failing doesnt mean that youre worthless，or that youll never achieve the things you want. 3 maybe you had high marks last term，or you lost weight，or you learned to play a musical instrument.you might want to write down a list of successesthings that youve accomplished over the past few years，whether big or small.if you ever lack confidence，you can go back and read over that list. 4 your past successes are important，but so are your past failures.youve made mistakes before，and youve survived them.perhaps you did badly in an exam，or lost your temper and had to apologize.its not fun to think about the times when things went wrong，but by acknowledging your failures，you can remind yourself that today is no different.just as you recovered in the past，you can recover from your recent failure too. 5 whatever went wrong，youre probably facing some sort of decision.dont rush into making hasty decision，but do look for a forward path.that might require some deep thinking.amake a decision.blimit the damage caused.cremind yourself of your past failures.dhowever，failure is a normal part of life.eget some advice and support from others.fmost people dont talk openly about their failures.gthink of all the times in the past when youve succeeded.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论“失败”。失败是生活中很正常的一部分，大多数人不会公开谈论他们的失败。你过去的成功很重要，但你过去的失败也很重要。要提醒自己过去的失败。1d上文提示“无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在生活的其他方面，失败都是痛苦的，而且在时间、金钱方面，或者两者兼而有之。”再根据下文提示“如果你从未经历过失败，那么你可能并没有将自己的潜力发挥到极致。”承接上下文，d项however，failure is a normal part of life.(然而，失败是生活中很正常的一部分。)切题。2f上文提示“记住别人也会失败。”承接上文，f项most people dont talk openly about their failures.(大多数人不会公开谈论他们的失败。)切题。该项中的dont talk openly和上文的other people fail too相吻合。3g上文提示“失败并不意味着你一文不值，或者你永远无法实现你想要的东西。”再根据下文提示“也许你上学期成绩很好，也许你减肥了，也许你学会了演奏乐器。”承接上下文，g项think of all the times in the past when youve succeeded.(想想过去你成功的所有时刻。)切题。4c下文提示“你过去的成功很重要，但你过去的失败也很重要。”承接下文，c项remind yourself of your past failures.(提醒自己过去的失败。)切题。5a下文提示“不管出了什么问题，你都可能面临某种决定。”承接下文，a项make a decision.(做出一个决定。)切题。.语法填空dear dad，on this date of your 50th birthday，mom gave me the letter you wrote to me when i was born 18 years ago.in your letter，you 1._ (wish) me to be strongminded and successful.you were looking forward to 2._(see) me fight for my future bravely and do well for 3._ and others.after reading this letter，i feel quite 4._ (shock) at your 5._(expect) on me.i also feel shamed of not having performed well 6._ (meet) your demand.i still remember when i was in primary school，i failed to apply myself to studying.i was addicted to computer games.as a consequence，i soon became the last one in my class.yo