大学英语四级写作中的词汇运用

第二节：写作中的词汇运用,原则一基本正确简单安全二准确得体通顺多样,一基本正确简单安全,简单词怎么打造完美作文?词汇量多少才够?三种应急措施:1.试用笼统词:take,have我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。Iexperiencedaterriblehardtime.Ihadaterriblehardtime.,take百用搭配：Doyouunderstandmymeaning,sir?=Doyoutakemymeaning,sir?Iwillpresideoverthemeeting.=Iwilltakethemeeting.Iwillsubscribetothelocalnewspaper.=Iwilltakethelocalnewspaper.Theyoccupiedthecity.=Theytookthecity.,Eg:四级作文中难词00.01HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation银行贷款：borrowmoneyfromthebankbankloan,2.联想有关词汇同义词和反义词1）同义词Ihadanightmarelastnight.=Ihadabaddreamlastnight.Idontunderstandthisword.=Idontknowthisword.,Practice：Theydiscontinuedtheworkatfive.Histemperisnasty.,stopterrible,2）反义词。Heisstubborn.=Heisnottame.Theknifeisblunt.=Theknifeisnotsharp.Thisisexpensive.=Thisisnotcheap.Sheistalkative.=Sheisneverquiet.,3扬长避短-试用解释性语句Heisadumb.=Heisapersonwhocannotspeak.Iveneverseensuchastubbornperson.=Iveneverseensuchapersonwhoneverlistenstoothersadvice.,例文分析简单词汇的运用Examinationisacommonheadachetostudentsallovertheworld.Theyalldetestit,butallbeingdominatedbyit.Itrepresentsatrial.dislike/hatecontrolledis/means,Nowadays,examinationhasbecomeapopularformoftesting.Italmostcandominate(control)onesfuture.Iamnotexaggerating(tellingthetruth);foryouallknowitistrue.Ifwewanttoobtainadiploma(getagraduationpaper),wemustfirstpasstheexams.Ifwedonothaveadiploma,wemaynotfindajobeasily.Thatisthereasonwhyallstudentsarenervousandpalewhentheyaresittingforanimportantexaminationwhichmayconcern(havesomethingtodowith)theirfuture.,Butaslongasexaminationisonitspeak(highestpoint)ofpower,wemustbephilosophicalof(haveacalmattitudeto)it.Ifwedonothaveexams,wemayindulgeourselves(spendourtimeon)inotherthingsinsteadofbooks.Examshavetoalwaysdriveuson.Whatiswrongforlearningmoreandthoroughly(deeply)?,原则一基本正确简单安全二准确得体通顺多样2.1用词准确5C2.2闪光词汇2.3语言通顺2.4词汇多样,2.1用词准确5C,1“C”:connotation(内涵)1)避免中式英语TobeathreegoodstudentisalwaysasymbolofachievementfortheChinesestudents.all-roundstudent,2)区别近义词problem:需要解决的现实问题Measureshavebeentakentosolvetrafficproblemsinbigcities.issue:常指国家政策或外交问题;争论;Theyhavepublishedalotofnewbooksoninternationalissues.question可获得解释或回答的疑问Sotherearisesthequestion:whatshouldwedotogetridofthewrongattitudestowardsthemigrantworkers?,2“C”:collocation搭配applyfor:IamaChinesestudentwhowishestoapplyforadmissionintoyourprestigiousuniversity.applyto：applyatheorytopracticecome：cometothepartyparticipate/join：participate/joininextracurricularactivities,3“C”：context(上下文)。书面语：论说文正式的书信06年608年12月口头语：04年6月,05年1月,07年6书面语：1)避免使用缩写形式，比如donot不要写成dont，itis不要写成its。,2)避免使用非标准化的表述方式，比如gonna,wanna之类的口语。1.ManycollegestudentsaregonnatakepartinCET-4.2.ManycollegestudentswouldliketotakepartinCET-4.,1.Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorecognizeasimplebutpowerfultruth:weneedeachother.Andwemustcareforoneanother.现在越来越多的人开始认识到一个简单而又强有力的真理：我们互相需要。我们还必须互相关怀。,1.现在越来越多的人开始认识到一个简单而又强有力的真理：我们互相需要。我们还必须互相关怀。Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorecognizeasimplebutpowerfultruth:weneedeachother.Andwemustcareforoneanother,2.无热情成就不了伟业NothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasmEmersonFootballismygreatenthusiasm,4“C”:conviction(可信度)限定词:many,generally,typically等Typically,peopleprefertosay“yes”whentheyshouldsay“no”。人们在该拒绝的时候常常点头。4类限定词语1）可能性的:may,perhaps,probably,mainly，safely.Wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthatdoingpart-timejobsbenefitcollegestudents.Therearemainlytworeasons.我们可以得出这个结论，做兼职大学生可以受益。这主要有2个原因。,2）概括性的：generally/ingeneral,commonly,parativelyIngeneral,youngpeopleseemmorepronetojob-hopping.3）频率的usually,sometimes,often,most,mostly,nearly,almost,atleast,atmost,mayaswellSometimes,realityisfarfromsatisfactory.4）表示客观观点的tosomeextent,tosomedegreeIdontagreewiththefirstargumenttosomeextent.,5“C”：culture(文化),2.2闪光词汇,1使用动态词汇：避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。1）把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如：Thetreesarebare.Thegrassisbrown.Thelandscapeseemsdrab.Thebrowngrassandbaretreesformadrablandscape.(转换为前置定语)2）将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如：Theteammembersaregoodplayers.Theteammembersplaywell.,3）在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中，把“be”动词后的名词或代词变成改写句的主语。Therearevarious/differentanswersamongdifferentgroupsofpeople.=Answersvary/differamongdifferentgroupsofpeople.Therewerealotofgreatchangesinthe2008s.=The2008ssaw/witnessedalotofgreatchanges.Thereisnoopportunityforpromotion.=Noopportunityforpromotionexists.,2多用语意具体的动词Theworkforimprovingourenvironmentneedsmoreefforts.Theworkforimprovingourenvironmentcallsformoreefforts.Mysupervisorwentpastmydesk.Mysupervisorsauntered(=walkedslowly)pastmydesk.Sheisacarefulshopper.Shecomparespricesandquality.,“动词连用”要不得eg:做兼职可以赚钱，也可以长经验。Takeapart-timejobcanprovidecollegestudentsexperienceaswellasmoney.Takingapart-timejobcanprovidecollegestudentsexperienceaswellasmoney。,2.3语言通顺,2.4词汇多样:,“我从灵魂深处感到，一定要反叛一切，走我自己的道路。”-惠特曼广泛积累，多样表达,2.4词汇多样:2.4.1动词替换2.4.2形容词替换2.4.3名词替换,2.4.1动词替换,1动词的准确性：具体词汇替代一般词汇,UsuallyIwillreadthenewspaperveryquicklyandtrytofindsomeinterestingstories.,flipover,2动词的程度差异性increase:普通增长increase,ascend,climb,rise,goup,mount:Pricesaremounting.急速增长soar，surge，jump:Oilpricessurgetohighestlevelsindecade上一层次levelup,普通下降decrease,descend,drop,decline,fall,godown急速下降collapse下一层次leveloff,涨跌平波急缓顶底2002年6月:StudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:1上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间:1990年（2hours）、1995年(4hours)、2002年(14hours)，请描述其变化；2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。,Studentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorenowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursthatastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply/dramatically/immensely/noticeably.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreased/wentup/rosetoalmost4hours;whilein2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.,sharply/dramatically/immensely/noticeably逐渐地gradually不紧不慢地gently，moderately,2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；Obviouslycomputersarebecomingincreasinglypopularforstudents.Amultitudeoffactorscouldaccountfortherise.Inthefirstplace,computersfacilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,therapiddevelopmentoftheinternetenlargesourdemandsforusingcomputers.Wecaneasilycontactfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheinternet.Inaddition,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablemorestudentstopurchasethem.,3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。However,therestillexistsomeproblems,suchas,poorquality,out-of-datedesignsandsoon.Andhowtobalancethetimebetweenusingcomputersandstudyisalso(alsoremains)aseriousproblem.Anyhow,wewillbenefitalotfromcomputersaslongasweusethemproperly.,2.4.2形容词替换,1具体词汇替代一般词汇Good:kind，honest，generous，sympathetic，warm-hearted，selfless，honorable，qualified,高频词汇正确与错误,unreasonableirrationalillogicalunfeasibleharmfulunacceptable,reasonable合理的rational理性的logical有逻辑的feasible可行的beneficial获益的acceptable可接受的,2形容词程度化butsincedinnerthatcoldwinterwindbroughtwithitcloudssosomber,andarainsopenetrating,thatfurtheroutdoorexercisewasnowoutofthequestion.-JaneEyreCharlotteBront,A(被描述词汇)issoX（形容词）thatitcanV（动词）。Therainissothatitcanpenetrateourskin.Thepriceissohighthatitcannotbeafforded.T