新概念英语第二册第62课

.,Lesson62,Afterthefire,.,drought(旱灾),tsunami(海啸),typhoon（台风）,fire(火灾）,.,controlkntruln.控制beincontrolofsth.指挥，管理或控制Whoisincontroloftheplan?undercontrol在控制之中Thefirehasbeenundercontrol.火势已受到控制。Dontworry,everythingisundercontrol.outofcontrol失去控制Theforestfirewasoutofcontrol.这场森林火灾失去了控制。v.控制Icancontrolit.=Icanmanageit.我能对付(口语),.,Smoke,smokesmukn.烟（雾）fullofsmoke充满烟雾Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.无风不起浪haveasmoke抽一只烟smokern.抽烟的人heavysmoker烟瘾重的人；nonsmoker不抽烟的人v.吸烟Dontsmoke!=Nosmoking!Hesmokedheavily.smokingarea/smokingroom吸烟室cigarette=cigarn.香烟,.,desolatedesltadj.荒凉的adesolatehouse废屋desolateadj.荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无人居住,荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的(与人相连时)lonelyadj.孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）,.,threatenretnv.威胁threatentodosth.威胁着要做；有迹象表明Hethreatenedtomakethephotopublic.threatensb.withsth.以来威胁/恐吓某人Thethiefthreatenedhimwithaknife.有预兆Itthreatenedtorain.有迹象表明天要下雨了。,.,surroundingsraundiadj.周围的thesurroundingcountry近郊n.周围的事物，环境schoolsurroundings学校环境surroundv围绕，包围，围住Iliveinanoldtownwhichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.,.,destructiondistrknn.破坏,毁灭Thefirecausedthedestructionofmybooks.destructiveadj.毁灭性的adestructivefiredestroyv.破坏constructv.建设(为创造更好的条件)constructionn.建设,建筑constructionbank建设银行,.,floodfldn.洪水,水灾attheflood涨潮afloodoftears泪如泉涌rowagainsttheflood逆水行舟v.淹没Theroomisfloodedwithwater.v.溢满Warmthfloodedmyheart.,.,sprayspreiv.喷撒spraysth.over/on往上喷洒spraywaterover/onflowerspraygrass-seedover/onthegroundgrass-seed草籽grassland草地grass-seeder草籽播种机grassroots基层民众，草根,.,quantitykwnttin.（数）量quantitiesof大量的=inlargequantity大量small少量qualitykwltin.质量sth.withgoodquality具有好质量的东西Ipreferqualitytoquantity.,.,rootru:t,rutn.根，根茎rootof的根takeroot生根comeout长出来shootcomeout发芽（shootn.芽）flowercomeout开花n.本质;根源therootoftheproblemv.使立定不动；使固定Fearrootedhertotheground.她吓的呆若木鸡。,.,blackenblknv.变黑，发暗Thesmokehasblackenedthewalls.烟把墙熏黑了。-en后缀表示动词，译为“使变得”weakadj.虚弱的weakenv.使变弱，削弱darkadj黑暗的darkenv.使变暗，模糊,.,1、Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfirefornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.fightsth.和作搏斗fireforfreedom为自由而战fightagoodfight打了一场漂亮的仗haveafight打仗getitundercontrol表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使处于某种状态”的含义，“get+宾语+介词短语”作宾补:,.,2、Ashorttimebefore,greattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.ashorttimebefore不久以前，从过去某一点时间算起，一段时间以前（同义词组：ashortwhilebefore,notlongago）greattrees参天大树formilesaround方圆几英里（around表示“在周围，向四周”）Thisistheonlymodernbuildingformilesaround.,.,3、Now,smokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.riseup(from)从升上来smokeriseup(烟、雾)弥漫risetoonesfeet站起身riseintheworld出头，发迹Thesunrisesintheeast.,.,4、Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestruction,forheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.winterwascomingon冬季即将来临(季节的来临的通用表达式)，comeon的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的“到来，来临”：for因为，由于（用于主句之后，补充说明理由）Illfollowhisadvice,forheisadoctor.下面两个词也可以表示原因：Asitisraining,letsstayathome.Sinceyouhavenolicense,youarenotallowedtodrive.washaway冲掉，冲走，洗掉Awoodenbridgewaswashedawaybytheflood.,.,5、Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.putout扑灭order定购Wecanordersomemorebooksonline.命令，吩咐ordersbtodoHeorderedthearmytocircletheenemy.,.,6、Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.inplaceof替代，取代(只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了)e.g.Janecouldntgo,soIattendedtheconferenceinherplace.taketheplaceof=replaceWhowilltaketheplaceofMrWhite?谁将代替怀特先生？insteadof替代+没做的事Insteadofstayinghome,Iwenttoschool.,Grammar,1.构成，had+过去分词2.概念，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况，即“较早的过去”。常用的连词有when,after,assoonas,(not)until,bythattime,(neverbefore,already,for,since,just等。Afterhehadsaidgoodbyetousall,CaptainAlisonstartedhisjourney.除此之外还常与连词nosoonerthan和hardlywhen连用。Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.,过去完成时（Thesimplepastperfecttense),Grammar,一、构成：hadbeen+现在分词二、concept1、过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表示时间的词有before,for,since,allday等.Shewasverytired.Shehadbeentypinglettersalldays.IdbeenracinghorsesforyearsbeforeImetmywife.,过去完成进行时（thepastperfectprogressivetense),Grammar,过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较1、过去完成时和过去完成进行时有时可以替换使用：Danhadworked/hadbeenworkingforthefirmforfifteenyearswhenIfirstmethim.我第一次遇到丹时，他已在该公司干了15年了。2.Shehadcleanedtheoffice,soitwasverytidy.她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。(强调结果)Shehadbeencleaningtheoffice,sowehadtowaitoutside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行),Grammar,过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较3、需要表示某个工作已经完成时，只能用过去完成时.WhenIgothome,IfoundthatJillhadbeenpaintingherroom.我回到家时，看见吉尔在粉刷她的房间。（工作尚未完成）WhenIgothome,IfoundthatJillhadpaintedherroom.我回到家时，吉尔已经粉刷过她的房间了。（已完成）WhenIarrived,theydalreadyputthefireout.我到达时，他们已经把火扑灭了。（不可用过去完成进行时）,Exercises,1.theyreceivedtheparcelthatthey_foralongtime.A.expectedB.haveexpectedC.hadbeenexpectingD.hadexpected2.He_morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheentereduniversityattheageof15.A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearnedC.learnedD.hadlearned3.Shedidntpasstheexamsbecauseshe_herlessonswell.A.wasntpreparedB.wasntbeenpreparedC.hadntpreparedD.waspreparing4.We_fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyears.A.hadlearnedB.havelearnedC.learnedD.willhavelearned,c,D,C,B,.,ControlandCheck1.controlvt.控制，指挥，支配，管理eg.Donttrytocontrolotherpeople.n.控制（能力），支配（能力）Itshardtokeepthenumberofpeoplecomingintothecountryundercontrol.2.checkvt.检查，核对，查看Theyreg