2021版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars导学案 新人教版必修3(1)VIP

unit 4 astronomy:the science of the stars阅读词汇1.astronomy n. 天文学2.astronomer n.天文学家3.solar adj.太阳的;日光的4.billion pron.& n.& adj.万亿;十亿5.carbon n.碳6.dissolve vt.& vi.溶解;解散7.acid n.酸8.mammal n.哺乳动物9.dioxide n.二氧化物10.extinct adj.灭绝的;绝种的11.lessen vi.& vt.减少;减轻12.weightlessly adv.失重地13.solar system太阳系14.carbon dioxide二氧化碳识记词汇1.system n. 系统;体系;制度2.religion n.宗教;宗教信仰3.theory n.学说;理论4.violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的5.atmosphere n.大气层;气氛6.unlike prep.与不同;不像7.fundamental adj.基本的;基础的8.presence n.出席;到场;存在9.harmful adj.有害的10.chain n.链子;连锁;锁链11.reaction n.反应;回应12.multiply vi.& vt.乘;增加13.oxygen n.氧14.exist vi.存在;生存15.thus adv.因此;于是16.puzzle n.谜;难题vt.& vi.(使) 迷惑;(使)为难17.biology n.生物学18.biologist n.生物学家19.gravity n.万有引力;重力20.satellite n.卫星;人造卫星21.gentle adj.温和的;文雅的22.physicist n.物理学家23.climate n.气候24.crash vi.& vt.碰撞;坠落25.spaceship n.宇宙飞船26.pull n.& vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力27.float vi.& vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮n.漂浮物28.globe n.球体;地球仪;地球29.exhaust vt.用尽;耗尽;使精疲力尽拓展词汇1.religion n. 宗教;宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的2.theory n.学说;理论theoretical adj.理论的;理论上的3.violent adj. 猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的violence n. 暴力violently adv. 猛烈地4.harmful adj.有害的harm n.& v. 伤害harmless adj.无害的5.exist vi. 存在;生存existence n. 存在;生存6.puzzle vt.& vi. (使)迷惑;(使)为难 n. 谜;难题puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的7.globe n.球体;地球仪;地球global adj. 全球性的;全世界的短语记忆1.in time及时;终于2.prevent.from阻止;制止3.block out挡住(光线)4.now that既然5.break out突发;爆发6.cheer up感到高兴;感到振奋7.in ones turn轮到某人8.give birth to产生;分娩9.watch out for密切注意;当心;提防10.get the hang of熟悉;掌握;了解11.depend on依赖;依靠句型整理1.they were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。2.this produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命发展成为可能。3.but when i tried to step forward,i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试图向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。重点语法noun clauses as the subject(主语从句)1.exist vi.存在;生存归纳拓展there exist.有;存在come into existence产生;成立;开始存在in existence存在existing adj.现存的;现行的单句填空as a result,humans developed a range of character types that still exists(exist) today.so scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist).(2019江苏,完形填空) exist是不及物动词,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。2.lay v. 放置;搁;下(蛋);产(卵)归纳拓展lay.aside搁置;储蓄lay.off停止使用;解雇某人lay out安排;布置;设计完成句子判断人们的能力时,应该把自己的感情放在一边。you should lay aside your feelings when judging peoples abilities.那家工厂解雇了1 000名工人。that factory laid off 1,000 workers. (注意以下词形变化)原形词义词性过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎不及物liedliedlyinglie躺,位于不及物laylainlyinglay放置;下蛋及物laidlaidlaying用lay,lie的适当形式填空the boy lied that the white hen had laid a black egg and that he had laid it in the box which was lying under this bed.mothers routinely lay babies on their backs to sleep.1.in time及时;终于;总有一天归纳拓展on time准时;按时in no time立即;马上at a time一次;每次at one time曾经;一度at times有时from time to time有时;偶尔用time相关短语填空at one time,daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.well have that leak fixed in no time.we must be in time for the early bus.2.prevent.from.阻止;制止归纳拓展stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事protect sb.from.保护某人不受侵袭keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事单句填空in that case,eat before the flight,or an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.we are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent (prevent) scammers from getting through.(2019北京,阅读理解c) preventstop sb.(from) doing sth.中的from可以省略,而keep sb.from doing sth.中的from不能省略。3.now (that) 既然归纳拓展其他引导原因状语从句的连词:because 因为;since 既然,因为;as由于完成句子但是,由于信息正以不同方式进行传播和受到监控,研究人员正在寻找新的规则。but now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.yet,now that im growing (既然我正在成长)and the world i once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex,i find myself needing a way to escape.(2019天津,阅读理解b)词语辨析:now that是固定短语,意为“既然;由于”,引导原因状语从句,that可省略。because“因为”,表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。since“既然,因为”(可与now that互换),侧重主句。as“由于”,表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。for“因为”,并列连词。用以上词(组)填空as you werent there,i left a message.因为你不在那里,我给你留言了。i went back not because of the rain,but because i was tired.我并不是因为下雨才回来,而是因为我累了。sincenow that it is late,i shall go home now.由于时间晚了,我现在要回家了。he shook his head,for he thought differently.他摇了摇头,因为有不同的看法。4.break out(战争、火灾等)突发;爆发归纳拓展break away (from sb.sth.)脱离(政党等);打破(陈套等)break down出故障,抛锚;(计划等)失败;(身体、精神等)垮掉;打倒,砸破;(化合物等)分解break up 打碎;解散;结束break into 强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)用break相关短语填空当战争爆发的时候,她的朋友们提供了帮助。her friends came to help her when the war broke out.(2017年6月浙江,完形填空)和谈失败了,没有达成任何协议。the peace talks broke down without any agreement being reached.当我把这件事告诉他时,他突然大笑起来。when i told him the story,he broke into laughter.一句多译:上面其他表达方式when i told him the story,he burst into laughter.when i told him the story,he burst out laughing.5.cheer up感到高兴;感到振奋归纳拓展cheer sb.up使某人高兴振奋cheer.on 为加油cheer for.为欢呼cheers! 干杯!用cheer相关短语填空我真心希望她能振作起来,勇敢地接受生活的挑战!i do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely!cathy并没有期望得奖,但依然在那儿为朋友加油鼓劲,赞扬他们的成就。cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.1.they were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。归纳拓展be to do有五层意义:表示预定,“预定”,相当于be going to do。表示义务,“应该”,相当于should。表示可能,“会做”,相当于cancould。表示命运,“注定”(通常用于过去时,描述过去的事实)。用于if.were to do,引导对将来的虚拟语气。完成句子你什么时候回家?when are you to leave for home?她将于下个月结婚。she is to get married next month.2.this produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命发展成为可能。归纳拓展句中使用了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。即:make+宾语+宾语补足语当该结构中的宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语,而把不定式短语或从句后置,即make+it+宾语补足语+不定