定语从句-关系代词jl-高一

一、定语从句及相关概念,定语：如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是。ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.定语从句,用来修饰名词或代词的成分。可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。,定语从句,2.先行词：,3.关系词：,关系词分关系代词和关系副词,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。,代替先行词并在定语从句中充当一定成分的单词叫关系词。,二关系代词的作用和种类,（一）关系代词：代替先行词并在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，表语或定语。,（二）种类：,which,that,who,whom,whose,as,1.which,Thesearethetrees(whichwereplantedlastyear).,Thisrecorder(whichheisusing)ismadeinJapan.,Thisisthelibrary(whichyouborrowbooksfrom).,Thisisthelibrary(fromwhichyouborrowBooks).,（三）关系代词作用:,指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),2.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Theman（who）Italkedwith）isourteacher.,Aperson（whostealsthings）iscalledathief.,注意：先行词为不定代词all,anyone,one,ones，those等且指人时，一般只用who,Those(whowanttogoplease)signtheirnameshere.,3.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Theman（(whom/who)Inoddedto）isMr.Li.,Theman（towhomInodded）isProfessorLi.,4.that指人/物，作主语，宾语(作宾语可省略），表语,Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.,Aplaneisamachine（thatcanfly）.,Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.,Heistheman（(that)Itoldyouabout）.,Myhometownisnolongerthepoorplace.Itusedtobethepoorplace.,Myhometownisnolongerthepoorplace(thatitusedtobe).,注意：介词提前时只能用which,whom而不能用that。,1.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,2.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.,5.whose代人或物，作定语,2)whose紧跟n.，即whosen.,Mr.King(whoselegwasbadlyhurt)wastakentohospital.Isawsometrees(whoseleaveswereblack).,1)先行词既可是人也可是物,Thatsthechild(whosedrawingwelookedatjustnow.)Thatsthechild(whosewelookedatdrawingjustnow.),1.Themanismyboss.Hisdogwaslostlastweek.,Themanismyboss(_dogwaslostlastweek).,whose,2Thehouseismine.Itswindowisbroken.,Thehouse(_windowisbroken)ismine.,whose,Mr.King(whoselegwasbadlyhurt)wastakentohospital.,3)转化whose为ofwhich/ofwhom,Isawsometrees(whoseleaveswereblack).,Mr.King(thelegofwhomwasbadlyhurt)wastakentohospital.,Isawsometrees(theleavesofwhichwereblack).,6.as:在限制性定语从句中，当先行词被such,thesame,so修饰时，常用as来引导,Iboughtthesamepen(asyouhave).Suchbooks(asyoubought)areuseless.Thefoodissodelicious(aseveryonelikes).,Idlikethesameshirt(asyouarewearing).Thisisthesameknife(thatIlostyesterday).,三that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。,Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.,Hewasthefirstthatcametoschooltoday.Whatsthebestfilmthatyouhaveseen?,Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.,(1)先行词为不定代词all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等时。,(2)先行词被theonly,thevery,all,every,no,some,any,little,few,much等修饰时。,(3)先行词是序数词或最高级或被其修饰时。,(4)先行词既有人也有物时，宜用“that”,(5)主句中已有疑问词“who”或“which”,(6)关系代词在从句中作表语,Doyouknowthethingsandthepersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?,Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?,Myhometownisnolongerthepoorplace(thatitusedtobe).,Relativepronounsusedinattributiveclauses,如何确定关系词,确定定语从句范围确定先行词（名词或代词）指人或指物确定先行词在定语从句中做什么成分,定语从句练习：,一见word练习,二定语从句练习：Theonlything_wecoulddowastoaskthepolicestationforhelp.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.as,2.TheGreatWallisthelastplace_Mr.SmithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing.A.whereB.whichC./D.what,3.Hereisthegirl_schoolbaghasbeenstolen.A.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which,6.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthethingsandpersons_theyremembered.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who,7.Isthistheshop_sellschildrensclothing?A.whatB.whichC.inwhichD.where,8.Thehouse_windowsarebrokenwasboughtbymygrandfatherlastyear.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.ofthat,10.Thisisthebiggestlaboratory_wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.A.whichB.whatC.whereD./,11.Heistheonlyoneoftheworkers_Englishinthefactory.A.thatknowsB.thatknowC.whohasknownD.whohaveknown,13.Imoneoftheboys_neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois,14.Idlikeacar_frontlightsarebigandround.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.ofwhich,16.Isthisthefactory_theyvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whatC.whereD.theone,18.Idontliketheway_youlaughather.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.whyD.where,19.Thepaper_bambooismadeisespeciallyfine.A.whichB.intowhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich,21.Isthistheoldman_youtookapictureathisbirthdayparty?A.whoB,thatC.ofwhomD.theone,22.ThatstheScienceMuseum_wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.towhichC.whichc.inwhich,23.Manylettersreachedtheyounggirl_weallthoughtshouldhavebeenmadedirectorofthecompany.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.forwhom,24.Thatsthefactory_wepaidavisitlastyear.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich,25.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,26.All_isneededistohaveagoodrest.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which,27.Thereason_ImwritingtoyouistotellyouaboutapartyonSaturday.A.becauseB.whyC.forD.as,28.Shestillremembersthedays_shewasinthecountry_shewasyoung.A.as,thatB.which,whenC.when,asD.duringwhich,that,29.Thedays_Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwasthehappiesttime_Ihadeverhadinmylife.A.when,whenB.when,thatC.that,whichD.that,that,30.Isthistheeconomiczone_hevisitedhisfriendtheotherday?A.thatB./C.theoneD.where,31.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who,32.Thechildrenclimbedupthehill,_theypicnicked.A.onitstopB.onthetopofitC.onwhosetopD.onthetopofthat,33.Jim,agoodfriendofmine,sentmeabeautifulcard,_waswritten“MerryChristmas”.A.whereB.onwhichC./D.what,34.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when,35.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,_wehadntexpected.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what,36.Thisistheveryknife_Iusedtocutpears_thismorning.A.that,inB.which,byC.which,withD,that,with,37.Onthethirdfloortherearetworooms,_isusedasameetingroom.oneofthemB.thelagerofwhichC.thelargeroneofthatD.thelargestofwhich,38.Thecl