定语从句讲与练 高考课件(英语)

定语从句,theAttributiveClause,定语从句复习,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句,TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句的构成,Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.,关系代词关系副词,注意事项:1.从句的位置:2.翻译方法:3.构成：,先行词之后,“.的”,关系词,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.,先行词和关系词的关系,Aplaneisamachine,themachinecanfly.,which,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.ThegirlwesawheryesterdayisMary.,who/whom/that,Thegirlwho/whom/thatwesawyesterdayisMary.,先行词和关系词的关系,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,themachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,intheschool=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,关系代词的用法练习,1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.,Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.,Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.,.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.,Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.,Idontlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.,关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,intheway=that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,underwhich,ofwhich,fromwhich,towhom,ofwhich,介词+关系代词的情况练习,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,which,why/forwhich,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.,that,whichorwho?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,which,whose,whomorwho?,9.Isthereanythingelse_youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_sataboy.13.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,一.关系代词与关系副词的区别,1).a.Thereason_hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.b.Thereason_hegaveussoundedreasonable.2).a.Illneverforgettheday_wespenttogetherinParis.b.Illremembertheday_westayedtogetheratthattime.,why,(which/that),when,(which/that),3).a.Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear?b.Isthisthehouse_Lincolnoncelived?c.Isthishouse_wevisitedlastyear?,(which/that),where,解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作状语,就用where,when,why等关系副词；若是作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词that,which,whom,whose等。,theone,1)Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why2)Wearelivinginanage_manythingsaredoneoncomputer.(03春招）A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when3)Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_shehadwipedherhands.(04吉林)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that4)York,_lastyear,isaniceoldcity.(03北京）A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited,D,A,B,A,Letshaveatry,1).Thisisthereason_helefthishometown.2).Illneverforgettheday_westayedtogether3).Thisisthegirl_Ilearnedthenews.4).Thisisthegirl_istakengoodcare_inthehospital.5).Illshowyouastore_youmaybuyallthatyouneed.6).Idontliketheway_youlaughedather.,forwhich,/why,onwhich,/when,fromwhom,of,inwhich,/where,inwhich,/that,(who),二.介词与关系代词,(),1.先行词为人,关系代词用whom;先行词为物,关系代词用which;2.还原法（把句子拆分成两句）来判断出用什么介词，也可以看出固定的动词短语,介词不能提前。3.关系代词和关系副词有时可转换：where,when,why=介词+which,解题点拨：,三.as与which的区别,1).Themeeting,_washeldinthepark,wasagreatsuccess.2).Iwillreadasmanybooks_arerequired.3).Shehasmarriedagain,_wasunexpected4).Hecheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,_wasverydisgraceful.5).Myglasses,without_Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.6)._isknowntousall,TaiwanisapartofChina.,which,which,which,which,As,as,解题点拨：,1.which的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子；which从句不能放句首;,2.as一般代替整个句子,从句则可以放句首,句中或句尾,表示“正如”，“或像一样”。例如：asisknown,aseveryoneknows,asissaid,asoftenhappens,asyoucansee,asitis;当先行词前有as,so,such,thesame修饰时,关系代词常用as。,1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2).a.Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofglassesb.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses,解题点拨:是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。,them,whom,which,him,四.易混句型1.定语从句与并列句,2.定语从句与状语从句1).a.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanliftit.b.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.2).a.Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer_hecaneasilyfindit.b.Pleaseputtheletter_hecaneasilyfindit.,解题点拨:(1)状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。(2)句which引导的是定语从句修饰名词drawer,而where引导的是地点状语修饰动词put。,that,as,/inwhich,where,where,3.定语从句与名词性从句1)a.Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.2)a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.3)a._isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.b.Itisknowntousall_TaiwanbelongstoChina.c._isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.,b.Hedidwhathecouldtohelpme.,b.Whatcanbedonehasbeendone.,As,that,What,4.定语从句与同位语从句1).a.Thenews_ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.b.Thenews_hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.2).a.Imadeapromise_ifanyonesetmefree,Iwouldmakehimveryrich.b.Themothermadeapromise_pleasedallherchildren.,that,(that/which),that/which,that,解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。,5.定语从句与强调句型1)a.Itisinthisroom_Ilivedlastyear.b.Itistheroom_Ilivedlastyear.2)a.Itwasatsevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.b.Itwassevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.,解题点拨：强调句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分;去掉Itis/was.that/who,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。,that,where,that,when,Step3.PracticeFillintheblankswithrelatives:,1)Hestilllivesinthehouse_windowfacestothesouth.2)Hestilllivesinthehouse_thewindowfacestothesouth.3)Hestilllivesinthehouseand_windowfacestothenorth.4)Hestilllivesinthehouse_isinthenorthofthecity.,whose,ofwhich,that/which,its,5)Hestilllivesinthehouse_hewasborn.6)Isthishouse_hevisitedlastyear?7)Isthishouse_hewasborn?8)Isitinthishouse_hewasborn?,where,theone,where,that,建议：仔细审题，找到突破口。,Findthemistakesandcorrect:,1.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.2.Thisistheveryplacewherewevisitedmanyyearsago.3.Therearetenstudentsareplayingbasketballontheplayground.,that,who/that,as,1）错用、多用或漏用引导词；,8.Hangzhou,wherewespentlastspringthere,isoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.,10.HeisjustthemanwhomIoftenturnforhelp.,2）定语从句中的被替换成份没有去掉。,to,3）定语从句中介词的错用或漏用。,12.SheistheonlyoneofthegirlsinourclasswhohavebeentotheUnitedStates.,4).定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致,has,Multiplechoices:,1.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_peopleexpected.(00上海）A.likeB.asC.thatD.which2._isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(04北京）A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What3.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.(04天津）A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which,4._isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(04江苏）A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As5.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_aresoldabroad.(04辽宁）A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat6.Thegentleman_youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.(00上海春招）A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom,7.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_wasveryreasonable.(00上海）A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose8.Thejourneya