宾语从句详解

Grammar,Nounclausesastheobjectandpredicative名词性从句宾语表语,Unit3,英语句子的种类,简单句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),复合句(complexsentence),英语句子概论,简单句的五种基本句型,Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,1.Youdbetterstartearly,oryouwillbelate.2.Jimstudiedhardallthetime,andhepassedtheexamscuccessfully.3.Iknowwherehelives,butIdontknowtheexactaddress.4.Ihaveneverheardofthebook,soIknownothingaboutit.,并列句:简单句+andorbutso+简单句,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句定语从句状语从句,1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.,2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome.,定语从句,状语从句,3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica.,（宾语从句）,名词性从句-,Wangcaiisadogthat/whichcanguardhouse.Illneverforgetthedaywhentheearthquakehappened.,定语从句,用关系词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,先行词,关系词,1.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.2.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.,宾语从句,表语从句,在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,名词性从句：,ObjectClauses宾语从句,什么是宾语？,Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Whydontyoupayattentiontome?Ienjoyworkingwithyou.,宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连接词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后,句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句,宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词）语序时态,句子类型,that,陈述句,一般疑问句,If/whether（是否）,特殊疑问词,特殊疑问句,一、连接词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略,Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.,a.当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,注意whether和if的使用区别,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Idontknow_heiswellornot.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.,if/whether,whether,whether,whether,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which；whose；when,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhen/wherewearrived.Iaskedhimwhere/how/whyIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewhowhomwhatwehavetosee.,二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,Iknowheliveshere.(live)Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.(come),2.如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Iknewwholivedhere.(live)Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.(talkwith)Hewaswonderingwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathehadseenit.(see),3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.(travel),Theteachertoldmeshe_(be)bornin1960.Iheardthatshe_(go)toParislastnight.,4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。,went,was,1.Mikeinsistedthatwe_(be)lateforschool.2.Thedoctororderedthatshe_(stay)inbedforafewdays.,(should)notbe,(should)stay,注意：在下列动词接that从句中用“should+动原”,一个“坚持”insist（坚持要）,两个“命令”command,order(命令）,三个“建议”suggest,propose,advise,四个“要求”request,ask,demand,require,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,Imwonderingwhatshewantstoeat.,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.,Whatswrong?Whatsthematter?Whatshappening?Whathappened?,注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：,Idontknowwhatsthematter.Thedoctoraskedwhatwaswrong(withher)Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?,做主语,做表语,否定的转移,若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。,Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idontthinkyouareright.,我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。,Idontbelieveyoucanfinishtheworktoday.,我认为你今天无法完成工作。,1.Wewonderhowweshalldonext.2.Couldyoutellmewherearetheyhavingapicnic?3.IamsorrythatIdontknowyouwanttotakepartinthecompetition.,what,didnt,theyare,Exercise:correctornot,4.Ididntknowthatyouwillcome.5.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.6.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?7.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.,_would,_was,_hewill,_Englishhas,Exercise:multical-choice1.Idontknow_wecanliveontheislandwithoutfood.A.whereBwhatChowDthat2.Couldyoutellme_?Awhereisthepark?Bwhosonduty?Cwhosebookisthis?Dwhataretheydoing?3Theteachertoldusthattheearth_aroundthesun.AmovedBmovesCmoveDmoving4.IdidntknowthatMr.Smith_yet.hasreturnedBhasreturnedChadreturnedDreturned5.Wedontknow_theydidit.Wedontknow_theydid.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which,B,B,C,C,A,C,PredicativeClauses表语从句,一、表语从句定义：,Thequestioniswhowilldoit.,表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。,表语从句,LinkingVerbs(连系动词)除动词be以外，还有一些后面可接表语的特殊连系动词，如：look,smell,taste,sound,feel,fall,come,go（变成）,become,grow（渐渐地变化）,turn(变成，一般用于颜色),appear,seem,get,keep,remain,stay等。,二、表语从句构成,Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.,Thatiswhyshewaslate.,引导词,引导词,主系连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,三、引导表语从句的关联词,1.从属连词as,asif/though引导的表语从句,Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.,Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.,2.because,why引导的表语从句,例句：,(1)Thatsbecausehedidntunderstandme.,(2)Thatswhyhegotangrywithme.,那是因为他不理解我。,那正是他对我生气的原因。,（强调原因）,（强调结果）,3.连接代词who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever,连接副词where,when,how,(1)Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.,(2)Thequestionishowhedidit.,(3)Thatiswherehewasborn.,问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。,问题是他如何做此事的。,那就是他出生的地方。,4.从属连词that，whether,(1)ThetroubleisthatIhavelostheraddress.,(2)Myquestioniswhetherheleft(ornot).,麻烦是我把她的地址弄丢了。,我的问题是他是否离开了。,that在表语从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何意义。,四.使用虚拟语气的表语从句,在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan等。,Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.,注意,A表语从句一定要用陈述语序。,Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.,Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.,B不可以用if，而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外）。,Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.,Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.,Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.,C不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。,Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.,ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.,Dthat在表语从句中不可以省略。,LaoYangssuggestionisthatwe(should)turnthelandintoricefield.,WhatstroublingmeisIdonthavemuchexperienceinthiskindofwork.,注意：,在表语从句中，表“是否