高中英语虚拟语气(Subjunctive)语法课件

虚拟语气Subjunctive,GaoShengtao,JingningNo1Highschool,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气,一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：,虚拟语气在在条件从句中,过去式(did)(be常用were),Would/could/might(用于第1人称)+动词原形(do),过去完成式(had+done,过去式(did)should+doweretodo,Would/could/might+动词原形(do),上面4个情态动词+havedone,虚拟语气,例句Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你),虚拟语气在在条件从句中,虚拟语气中得倒装结构,Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.3.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.,=Hadyoucomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.,=Wereitsunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.,=shouldhefailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.,例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反,Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.,NOTES:,1.Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe_thatdrug.A.nottakeB.shouldnthavetakenC.didnttakeD.hadnttaken,Canyoufinishtheseexercise,虚拟语气,1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：建议(suggest,advice,propose,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令(order,command)desire等后面接的宾语从句其动词用should+do构成,should可以省略。.Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,考题点击：Theteacherdemandedthatthework_before4oclock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.-Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmothersillness?-Hesuggestedthatshe_anoperationatonce.A.musthaveB.hadC.haveD.hadhad,B,C,3、记住：insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即should+do;Insist表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。例句,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。Thehalfsmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappytohavegivenhislifeforhiscountry.Heinsistedthatallofus(should)bethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。Heinsistedthathewasright.他坚持说他是对的。,虚拟语气,同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch.,虚拟语气在在同位语从句中,虚拟语气,主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish/desire)、建议(suggestion/advice)要求(requirement/demand)、命令(order,command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用(should)+do.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.=：Wesuggestthatyou(should)bethereontime.,虚拟语气在在表语从句中,Wesuggestthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime=Itisoursuggestionthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Itissuggestedthatyou(should)bethereontime.,2、表示愿望(wish),wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式2)过去：用过去完成式(haddone)3)将来：用情态动词(would/could)+do,虚拟语气,例句1.Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一边。2.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.我希望你能找到一个好职业。4.Hewishedhehadntdoneit.他想要是他没这样做该多好。,虚拟语气,4.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形,虚拟语气在在主语从句中,主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)doItisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperativeItisapity,ashame,nowonder,B,例句1)Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。2)Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。3)Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold,2.asif/though+Clause,现在：过去：将来:,did/were(现在),haddone(过去),Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespokeasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.,would+动词原形(将来),虚拟语气,一、asif(asthough)连接表语从句shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.她看起来似乎是冰做的helookedasifhehadntsleptfortwodays.二、asif连接让步状语从句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。Hespoketousasifhehadbeenthere.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。,虚拟语气在在asif从句中,虚拟语气,1.ifonly意为：若是.那该多好啊;真希望.;只要,只要.就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态，表将来would+vIfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidntdrivesofast.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,3.Its(about/high)time+that-,过去时,should+V.,你该走了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,我们该去睡觉了。,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,虚拟语气,3.在would(had)rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句中当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.Iwouldratherhehadnottoldmeaboutthat.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,高考题点击：Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.(95N)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken-DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen?-Well,Idratheryou_.A.dontB.didntC.wontD.mustnt2.Itshalfpasteleven.Itshightime_home.A.wellB.wedC.weregoingD.wewent,B,C,D,虚拟语气,4.一些介词短语,如:butfor(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),inthatcase(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气Without/Butforyourhelp,wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress.Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,9.用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首,Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好运！Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐！Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就Longlivethepeople!人民万岁！“Godblessyou,”saidthepriest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”,考点链接1.fired，yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.(2006湖北)AwouldyoubeBshouldyoubeCcouldyoubeDmightyoube2.-Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoNewYork.-Iagree.buttheproblemis_hehasrefusedto.(2005,江苏)Awillnotbesent;thatBnotbesent;thatCshouldnotbesent;whatDshouldnotsend;what,B,B,3.-DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?-_,Ifeelabitcold.(2004广东)A.OfcoursenotB.IdratheryoudidntC.GoaheadD.Whynot4.Hepaidaseat,whenhe_haveenteredfree.(2005山东)A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need,B,A,虚拟语气,Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I_youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemet,MoreExercises,A,D,虚拟语气,3.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.T