（淮安专版）2020中考英语复习方案 第二篇 语法专题突破 语法专题01 名词课件

,语法专题（一）名词,第二篇语法专题突破,考点一可数名词,1.可数名词的复数形式(1)规则变化,【巧学妙记】名词变复数变f/fe为ve,再加-s的单词:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命忙。,(2)不规则变化,2.集体名词的数(1)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如people(人们),police(警察)。如果要表达单数形式则要用其他名词。一名警察apolice()apoliceman/policewoman()一个人apeople()aperson()(2)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如family,class,team等。它们作主语,强调整体时谓语动词用单数形式,强调整体中的各个成员时谓语动词则用复数形式。,注意以s结尾但仍为单数的名词,如maths,politics,physics等学科名词(不可数名词),news(不可数名词)和theunitedstates等。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名等也视为单数。,考点二不可数名词,1.不可数名词的量化表达：不可数名词是不能用数量计算的名词,没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a/an或数词表示量。(1)表示不定数量时,一般用some,much,alittle,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等来表示。一些水somewater;一点儿牛奶alittlemilk(2)表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当数词大于1时,后面的量词要用复数形式。一片面包apieceofbread;两杯水twoglassesofwater;三袋米threebagsofrice,注意alotof,lotsof,some,plentyof等既能修饰可数名词复数,又能修饰不可数名词。归纳常见的不可数名词见下表：,2.既可数又不可数的名词有些名词既能用作可数名词又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。,考点三专有名词,表示人、地方、团体、机构等名称的词叫专有名词,其首字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词,如luxun,neilarmstrong,china,beijing等。由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词the,如thesummerpalace,thegreatwall,theunitedstates等。,考点四名词所有格,1.名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种形式：一种是词尾加s;另一种是介词of后加名词。2.名词所有格的构成规则如下,考点五名词的功能,1.作主语mysisterlikesreadingandtraveling,andilikeswimming.我姐姐喜欢阅读和旅行。我喜欢游泳。twohoursisenoughformetofinishthehomework.对我来说两个小时已经足够完成作业了。,2.作定语(1)名词作定语,一般用单数形式,如computergame电脑游戏,countrymusic乡村音乐(2)个别名词作定语,要用复数形式,如clothesstore服装店,sportsmeeting运动会(3)复合名词作定语,其结构为“数词+连字符+名词单数”,也可以用“数词+名词所有格”形式,如athree-dayholiday=threedaysholiday为期三天的假期,考点六名词构词法派生法,.单项选择1.2016淮安lilyoftenhelpshermotherdosomecookinginthe.a.kitchenb.gardenc.bathroomd.bedroom2.2014淮安theoldmancanthearuswellbecausetheressomethingwrongwithhis.a.mouthb.nosec.earsd.eyes,a,c,3.wehavefewinthefridge.letsgoandbuysomepotatoes,tomatoesandcarrots.a.vegetablesb.fruitc.meatd.eggs4.motherscantgotothemeeting,becausetheyvegonetonanjing.a.lileiandlucysb.lileisandlucysc.lileiandlucyd.lileisandlucy,a,b,5.ihavesomeproblemswithmyenglishwriting.canyougivemesome?a.magazinesb.directionsc.suggestionsd.messages,c,.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.2017淮安the(player)capisreallycoolandilikeitverymuch.2.2016淮安on(father)day,ioftenprepareaspecialgiftformyfather.3.ithinkjackiechanisoneofthemostpopular(actor).ilikehimverymuch.4.heisafriendofmy(sister).,语法综合演练,players,fathers,actors,sisters,5.thereareseveral(library)inthecity.6.mycousinlikestocollect(stamp)inhissparetime.7.those(policeman)arelookingforthelostkids.8.whose(key)arethese?ithinktheyrejohns.9.look!somany(girl)studentsareenjoyingthemselvesontheplayground.,policemen,keys,girl,libraries,stamps,10.anumberof(german)aretalkingaboutchineseculture.11.herearefive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.12.manypeoplelosttheir(life)intheaccident.13.mysistersareboth(woman)doctors.14.howman