非谓语动词--终极版PPT课件

.,1,非谓语动词,.,2,找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式1.Dontteachfishtoswim.不要班门弄斧。,dontteach，谓语动词否定式,.,3,2.Hehadagoodmemorylikeanelephant.他以前有很好的记忆力。3.Itwouldbeawasteofmoneybuildingsuchaluxuriousvilla.建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。,1,had，谓语动词过去式wouldbe，附加情态动词的动词原形,.,4,4.Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.光比声音传播速度快得多。5.Whenaskedwhy,pleasejustkeepsilent.当问到原因时，就保持沉默。,1,travels，谓语动词单数形式keep，动词原形,.,5,6.Thepresidentwaswarmlywelcomedbytheresidents.总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。,1,waswelcomed，动词的被动形式,.,6,1,谓语动词的形式包括主动句各种时态下的谓语形式和被动句各种时态下的谓语形式以及情态动词与动词连用的各种形式。,.,7,2,动名词，现在分词，不定式与过去分词以及它们相应时态与语态下的各种形式叫作动词的非谓语形式。换言之，不能作谓语的动词形式叫非谓语动词。,.,8,三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：1.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.（04上海春季）A.seizing.,disappearedB.seized.,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing,两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用and连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,seized和took是并列谓语，disappearing是伴随状语。此题的关键是and的位置，如果and在disappear前，则三个动词并列。,A,D,.,9,A,.,10,A,.,11,B,.,12,非谓语,不定式表将来和主动,动词ing:表进行和主动,动词ed：表完成和被动,1.在句子中充当何成分2.只跟不定式做宾语的动词3.什么情况下需用不定式做定语4.不定式省略to的情况5.不定式的复合结构6.不定式主动表被动的情况,动名词,现在分词,2.动名词与不定式做主语，宾语的区别,3.begin和start后跟不定式而不跟动名词的情况,1.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别,1.只跟动名词做宾语的动词,现在分词跟过去分词作状语,.,13,非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：,考点解密,.,14,.,15,不定式,1.看不定式flash2.在句子中充当何成分（课件）3.宾语只跟不定式做宾语的动词（卷子）复合宾语中宾语是不定式，用形式宾语（卷子）特殊疑问词+不定式（卷子）不定式省略to的情况（课件和卷子）4.宾补省略to的不定式（卷子）5.定语介词不能省（修饰time,place,way可省）（卷子）什么情况下需用不定式做定语（卷子）6.状语inorderto,soasto,onlyto（卷子）7.不定式的复合结构（卷子和课件）8.时态语态的变化表格（卷子）9.不定式主动表被动的情况（课件）,.,16,不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。(作主语和表语)Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.(不定式短语作主语)Youshouldcontinuetolearnaslongasyoulive.要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语)Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevenings.她晚上经常有很多会要开。(不定式短语作定语)To/Inordertodoagoodjob,wemusthavetherighttools.要干好活工具得用对。(不定式短语作目的状语)Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.(不定式短语作目的状语)Ididntexpectyoutoarrivesoearly.我没想到你来得那么早。(不定式短语作宾语补足语),.,17,不定式的省略两个并列的不定式由and或or连接时，省略后面的不定式中的to。如：Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.Imreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.特例：Tobeornottobe，thatisaquestion.Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示对比)句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides等后面的不带to。即“前有do，后省to”。如：Hedidntdoanythingbutcomplain.在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut,couldnotbut,couldnothelpbut的后面不带to,它们的意思都是“只好，只有”,如：Hecouldnotbutwalkhome./Itsraininghard,Icannothelpbutstayathome./Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.,.,18,不定式的复合结构Itisbraveofyoutodothat.Itiseasyforyoutodothat.,当下列表示人物特征的形容词同of后的名词或代词关系密切，有意义上的主表关系时，常与of搭配。brave,careful,careless,clever,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,right,wrong,rude,stupid,silly,wise,thoughtful,etc,Itwasverykindofyoutocometohelpme.=Youwereverykindtocometohelpme.,下列表示事物性质的形容词同for后的名词或代词关系不密切，没有意义上的主表关系，但与句中的不定式结构关系密切，有意义上的主表关系，常与for搭配。easy,hard,heavy,necessary,impossible,possible,important,difficult,etc.,Itshardforhimtogetridofhisbadhabits.=Forhimtogetridofhisbadhabitsishard.,.,19,不定式主动表被动的情况,1.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。,Illgiveyouabooktoread.Pleaselendmeapentowritewith.,2.be+adj.+todo,Thequestionisnoteasytoanswer.,.,20,3.不定式与疑问代词连用时,Schooluniformsarenotcoolenough,sostudentsdontknowwhattoexpect.,4.某些动词不定式与be连用时betoblame,betoseek,betolet,Thehouseistolet.,.,21,5.Therebe结构中不定式修饰主语时，主动式和被动式皆可。,Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.,如果不定式有逻辑主语，只用主动式。,Thereisnothingformetodotoday.,.,22,动名词具有动词和名词的特点，有一般式和完成式，有主动式和被动式之分，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,动名词动名词和现在分词一样也是由动词+ing构成，在句中起名词的作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。否定形式也是not+动名词，有四种时态和语态形式，使用时注意如下内容即可。,.,23,动词ing:表进行和主动,看动词ing形式的flash只跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词（卷子）作主语（几个常用句型）（卷子）作定语的位置（卷子）作状语（todo跟doing作结果状语的区别）（课件）begin和start跟不定式而不跟动名词作宾语的情况（课件）现在分词和过去分词的选择（课件）动词ing形式的复合结构（卷子）注意现在分词完成式不作定语（课件）不定式和动名词作主语和宾语的区别（卷子）跟不定式和动名词作宾语意思不同的动词（卷子）beingdone,done,tobedone的区别（课件和卷子）10.With复合结构（课件）11.如何确定逻辑主语并选择适当的非谓语形式（课件）12.反面解读（课件）,.,24,.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别,不定式：出乎意料的结果Iwokeupinthemorning,tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.现在分词：往往与主句有因果关系Shefelloffthebike,breakingherleftleg.,.,25,begin和start后跟不定式而不跟动名词的情况,当主语是无生命之物时Snowbegantomelt.2.begin和start用于进行时态时HeisbeginningtostudyEnglish.3.begin和start后面的动词是表示心理状态的词（know,understand,believe,wonder等）Ibegantobelievehisstory.,.,26,关于分词选定的原则分词短语做定语时，分词的选定依据分词与被其修饰的名词的关系而定。如果名词是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果名词是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。分词短语做状语时，则要看分词与句子主语的关系。如果句子的主语是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果主语是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。(1)Seenfromthemountain，thecitylooksbeautiful.(2)Seeingfromthemountain，wecanseetheriverrunningthroughthecity.,现在分词跟过去分词作状语,.,27,现在分词的完成式一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。Thegirlwhohaswontheraceismydeskmate.,2.done,tobedone,beingdone作定语的区别,注意,.,28,Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingheldyesterdaywasofgreatimportance.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.,.,29,熟读深思,with复合结构(1)With_the_children_following_him(由于孩子跟着他),hehadtogobacktothepark.(2)Withtheworkfinished,hecouldgohome.(3)Withtheweathersohot,theywentintohavearest.(4)Hiswifecamedownthestairs,withabookinherhand(abookinherhandbookinhand)(5)Thestudentsstoodinlinewiththenationalflagbeingraised.,.,30,归纳总结,with复合结构既可看作介词短语，在句子中作定语；也可看作独立主格结构，常在句中充当状语。它由“with宾语补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。其结构为：,With宾语,adv./prep.如：(4)。adj.如：(3)。doing(主动，同时)/beingdone(正在被)，如：(1)、(5)。done(被动或完成)，如：(2)。todo(与宾语有动宾关系，表示将要发生的动作),.,31,另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用todo还是用tobedone时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：,.,32,1【误】Wedontallowtosmokeinthelecturehall.【正】Wedontallowsmokinginthelecturehall.【正】Wedontallowpeopletosmokeinthelecturehall.【解析】考查固定结构。allowdoingsth.;allowsb.todosth.2【误】Shewasthefirstpersonthinkingoftheidea.【正】Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.【解析】当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。,专题七反面解读,.,33,3【误】Thequestionbeingdiscussedattomorrowsmeetingisaveryimportantone.【正】Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrowsmeetingisaveryimportantone.【解析】beingdiscussed表示动作正在进行，而根据attomorrowsmeeting可判断动作发生在将来，故用tobediscussed表示。4【误】Thisboywasseencomelatethismorning.【正】Thisboywasseentocomelatethismorning.【解析】see，watch等动词转换为被动结构时，其后不定式一般需要带to。,.,34,5Ivebeenlookingforwardtohearfromyou.【答案】hear改为hearing。【解析】短语lookforwardto中，to为介词，所以应用动名词作宾语。6Headmittedtohavestolenthecar.【答案】tohave改为having。【解析】admit后面跟动词的ing形式作宾语。7Thisisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.【答案】This改为It。【解析】作形式主语，代替动词的ing形式，只能用it。,.,35,8Theflowersneedbeingwatered.【答案】beingwatered改为watering或者tobewatered。【解析】need,want,require等动词的主语为物时，后面跟动名词主动形式或接不定式的被动结构，表示“需要被”。9现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补语。(1)【误】Icouldseethehousehavingbeenbeautifullydecorated.【正】Icouldseethehousebeautifullydecorated.,.,36,(2)【误】Thebookhavingbeenwrittenlongagoishardforustounderstandtoday.【正】Thebookwrittenlongagoishardforustounderstandtoday.10作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，现在分词与其逻辑主语有主动关系，而过去分词则与其逻辑主语有被动关系。(1)【误】Havingfoundthecause,theexperimentcontinued.【正】Havingfoundthecause,theycontinuedtheexperiment.(HavingfoundAfter/Whentheyhadfound),.,37,(2)【误】Seeingfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.【正】Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.(SeenWhenthecityisseen)11非谓语的否定式中，not必须放在非谓语的最前面。(1)【误】Havingnotfinishedhishomework,hedidntwanttogotobed.【正】Nothavingfinishedhishomework,hedidntwanttogotobed.(2)【误】Motherwarnsustonotplayinthestreet.【正】Motherwarnsusnottoplayinthestreet.,.,38,回顾,.,39,过去分词v-ed,不定式to+v,动词的v-ing,非谓语动词,表将来，主动。,表进行，主动,表完成，被动,不定式的被动式在表示被动的同时还兼表示未来。,现在分词的完成式也表示完成，尤其是表示有明显先后时间关系的完成。,现在分词的被动式在表示被动的同时还将表示进行。,.,40,.,41,.,42,.,43,.,44,.,45,.,46,6.考查非谓语动词用作结果状语Iwokeupinthemorning,tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.Shefelloffthebike,breakingherleftleg.,解析不定式：出乎意料的结果现在分词：往往与主句有因果关系,.,47,.,48,.,49,.,50,.,51,.,52,.,53,考点击破,.,54,一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1._(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(全国)2.Eugenesneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.Itsnouse_(argue)withhim.(上海)3.Pleaseremain_(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(辽宁)4.CanIsmokehere?Sorry.Wedontallow_(smoke)here.(江苏),Walking,arguing,seated,smoking,.,55,5.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(陕西)6.Icantstand_(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(北京)7.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_(repair).(陕西)8.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_(live)alone,butshedidntlikeitandmovedbackhome.(湖南),accepting,tostop,working,toberepaired,living,.,56,9._(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.10.Isentyou100dollarstodaywiththerest_(follow)nextweek.11._(lose)inthemountainsforweeks,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.12._(put)intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.,Dressed,tofollow,Lost,Put,.,57,2._ofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.AConvincedBConvincingCToconvinceDHavingconvinced【解析】A动词convince表示“使确信”；beconvincedofsth.“确信，相信”；此处用过去分词作状语。也可说，此处convincedofthetruthofthereports是形容词短语作状语，表示原因。_inthought，healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose,专题七实战演练,.,58,3Becareful!Dontforgetyouareonaladder.Butyouareholdingitforme,nothing_.AworryaboutBtoworryaboutCisworriedaboutDworryingabout【解析】B考查非谓语动词。“小心点。别忘了你在梯子上。”“但是你扶着呢，没什么可担心的。”nothing与不定式短语toworryabout连用，构成独立主格结构，作补充说明性的状语，相当于Butyouareholdingitforme,sothereisnothingtoworryabout/soIhavenothingtoworryabout.其中toworryabout作后置定语。,专题七实战演练,.,59,4Helookedatme,withanexpression_thathefeltevenmorepuzzled.AindicateBindicatesCindicatingDindicated【解析】Cwithanexpressionindicating为with复合结构，其中anexpression为逻辑主语，indicate与这个逻辑主语之间有主动关系，故用现在分词。,专题七实战演练,.,60,7Heclaimed_inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.AbeingbadlytreatedBtreatingbadlyCtobetreatedbadlyDtohavebeenbadlytreated【答案】D,专题七实战演练,.,61,8Whyarethestudentsworkingsohardthesedays?_readyforthecomingentranceexamination.ATogetBGetCGettingDGot【解析】A本题考查非谓语动词。联系语境可知，这些日子学生们努力学习是为即将到来的考试做准备，动词不定式作目的状语。故A项正确。,专题七实战演练,.,62,9Ifwaterbecomesincreasinglyscarceindecades_，watershortagewillbecomeahotissueallovertheworld.AcomingBhavingcomeCtocomeDtobecoming【解析】C本题考查非谓语动词。用不定式表示将要到来的。句意为：如果在将来的几十年水资源变得稀少，那么水资源的缺乏将会成为全球比较热门的一个话题。10Thepartywasasuccess，butwethoughtitapitynot_you.AtoinviteBtobeinvitingCtohaveinvitedDtobeinvited【答案】C,专题七实战演练,.,63,11Hearingthe2009WorldWinterUniversityGames_open，allthepeopleintheHarbinSportsCenterGymburstintocheers.AdeclareBdeclaredCdeclaringDtobedeclared【解析】B考查过去分词的用法。很显然选项B和其逻辑主语the2009WorldWinterUniversityGames是被动关系，选B。,专题七实战演练,.,64,12Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment,not_andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.AmovedBmovingCtomoveDbeingmoved【解析】Bmove的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，所以用现在分词，notmoving作伴随状语。如果不注意分析，很容易受并列的谓语动词stoodandasked干扰而误选A。,专题七实战演练,.,65,13Anofferofarewardhascausedmanystudentsinourschool_activelyinthecompetition.AparticipateBparticipatedCparticipatingDtoparticipate【解析】D句意为：比赛有奖，这使得我校很多学生积极参加了比赛。causesb.todosth.为固定用法。,专题七实战演练,.,66,16WhereisTom？Ihavesomethingimportanttotellhim.Ilastsawhim_inthelibraryreading.AsitBseatedCseatingDsat【解析】B本题考查非谓语动词。题干句子空白处用seated作宾语补足语，因为seat是及物动词和宾语him之间的逻辑关系是动宾关系。,专题七实战演练,.,67,192010江苏卷TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,_thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.AenablingBhavingenabledCtoenableDtohaveenabled【解析】A本题考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作谓语动词donated的结果状语。,专题七实战演练,.,68,21Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_fromthel