英语语法之定语从句复习

welcometoourclass,1.Thisisourschool.2.Weliveandstudyhereeveryday.,Thisisourschool,whereweliveandstudyeveryday.,Thisisourschool,whereweliveandstudyeveryday.,RevisionoftheAttributiveClause定语从句复习,高三英语第一轮复习,汪建华江苏省海安县曲塘中学226661315310858,定语从句在从句中起定语作用，修饰句中的某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词(Antecedent)。定语从句需用关联词(relativepronounsandadverbs)：,AttributiveClause:,1.Theteacherswhoarepresentatourclassareallexperiencedteachers.2.Ourclassisabigfamilywhichconsistsof12girlsand50boys.3.YaoHuiistheboywhoseEnglishstudyisverygoodinourclass.4.Theschoolwherewearestudyingisveryfamous.5.Asweallknow,ourschoolis50yearsold.,where,who,whose,As,which,基础知识回顾：,基础知识回顾:关系词及其意义,指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因,who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewhere（=介词+which）when(=介词+which）why(=for+which）,归纳总结,不可省,Relativepronounsusedinattributiveclauses,Thisisthehousewhich/thatweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。,comparison,Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。,nonrestrictive,restrictive,限定性restrictive定语从句与非限定性nonrestrictive定语从句,限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略,引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that,不能省略,考点与难点归纳,考点与难点归纳,1.that与which2.对theway的考查3.介词+关系词4.as的使用5.对where的考查6.综合考查,考点,难点,1)Doyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?2)Theonlything_wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3)Whoistheman_isstandingthere?4)Herbag,in_sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.5)Sheheardaterriblenoise，_broughtherheartintohermouth.,that,that,that,which,which,考点1：that与which,1:先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词或由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰时,引导定语从句用that不用which。2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。3:先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that。4:先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。5：当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用that。,指物，介词后。2.用于非限制定语从句中,只使用that应遵循的规则,只使用which应遵循的规则,填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.,that/which/不填,that/inwhich/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,考点2：theway用做先行词,3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.（04湖北）A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich,高考题链接：,考点3：介词+关系词,1.Doyouknowtheboy_yourmotheristalking?2.Hegavemesomenovels_Iamnotveryfamiliar.3.Istillremembertheday_IfirstgottoParis.,5.(06浙江)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which,towhom,withwhich,onwhich,Thisisthechildwhom/thatIwilllookafter.,4.译：这是我要照顾的小孩。,结论:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.,3._isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.,As,which,难点一：as的用法,asthatwhich1.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanliftit.,as,that,归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成suchas,thesameas,soas,结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。as与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用as,意为“正如、恰如”。,模拟训练：,1.Heissuchalazyman_nobodywantstoworkwith_.（04模拟训练）A.as;himB.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Mrs.Blacktookthepolicebackto_place_shewitnessedtherobbery.A.thesame;asB.thesame;whereC.thesame;thatD.asthesame;as,（05模拟训练）,1.IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。,难点二：一些特殊词之后的where,解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。,1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（06山东）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?-Yes,theresonepoint_wemustinsiston.（06江西）A.whyB.whereC.howD./,高考题链接：,做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。,wherethat1.Thisisthelibrary_Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary_Iborrowedthebook.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,综合考查一：定语从句与强调句,3.-WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?-Itwasinthehotel_Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when,难点三.综合考查,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,友情提示,综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句,1.Weallhaveheardthenews_ourteamwon.2.Wedontbelievethenews_hetoldusyesterday.,that,that/which,综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句,Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（05江苏）A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich,that/which,对比训练与巩固,1.Weshouldgototheplace_wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.what,B,C,3.ItwasOctober_wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.4.ItwasinOctober_wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.while,C,A,对比训练,5.Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllikehim.6.Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllike.A.whomB.thatC.asD.which,B,C,7.Thenewscame_theBritishQueensmothercelebratedher101thbirthdayingoodhealth,_isntsurprising,becauseshelivesaneasylifeandgetsthebestmedicalcare.A.that;whichB.which;whichC.that;thatD.when;as,（05模拟训练）,8.Heleftthekey_hehadbeenanhourbefore.Helefttheplace_helivedformanyyears.A.whichBwhereCtheplacewhichD.theplace,(where引导地点状语从句，相当于intheplacewhere)(where引导定语从句，修饰theplace),高考真题演练,1.Bynineoclock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_appearedararerainbowsoon.（2008福建）A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich.,解析：原句应该是这样的：Ararerainbowsoonappeared_.这里显然应该填上“aboveMountQomolangma”。我们可以将它改写为abovewhich并用来连接这两个句子,2.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,_weremadeofsmalldiamonds.(2008陕西卷)A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich,解析：“表的指针”是用钻石造的。这里涉及到了所有关系。在定语从句中，对于事物的所有关系我们可以使用whose+名词，the+名词+ofwhich或ofwhichthe+名词这三种形式。D项符合the+名词+ofwhich结构，所以是正确的。,3.Illgiveyoumyfriendshomeaddress,_Icanbereachedmostevenings.（08北京卷）A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where4.Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,_theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.（2008安徽卷）A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that,这两道题非常相似。两句的先行词分别为address和family，后面的从句缺少地点状语，所以要用inwhich或where作为关系词连接。第3题稍微有些难度。首先，有些同学没有理解这句话的意思，“我会给你我朋友的家庭住址。在这个地址，大部分的晚上你都可以找到我”。后面的句子如果改写为“youcanreachmemostevenings”则更容易理解。,5.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_sightmattersmorethanhearing.2007天津卷A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where,6.Weshouldntspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_arehealthy2007北京卷A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom,7.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.2007湖南卷A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that,9.ChansrestaurantonBakerStreet,_usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.2007浙江卷A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where,8.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewaskepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad2007上海春AthatBallthatCallwhatDwhich,10.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.2007重庆卷A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich,能力提升,Ourclassisabigfamily;Itconsistsof12girlsand50boys.Mostofthemaremainlyfromthecountryside.ZhaoQiangisakind-heartedboy.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heissuchagoodboythatwealllikehim.,Ourclassisabigfamilywhichconsistsof12girlsand50boys,mostofwhomaremainlyfromthecountryside.ZhaoQiangisakind-heartedboy,whoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heissuchagoodboyaswealllike.,定语从句的运用,这是教我们英语的老师，旁边是她的女儿，她女儿的名字叫张安宁。这张照片是在南京拍摄的；众所周知,南京是六朝古都，是个美丽的城市。新年就要到了，到时我会再去拜访它。,Translatetheshortpassage,usingtheAttrib