高三总复习-非谓语动词总结

非谓语动词,连平县附城中学黄引腾,非谓语,不定式（todo),分词,动名词(-ing),过去分词(-ed),现在分词(-ing),-ing分词,-ed分词,顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。在语法填空、完形填空和学作中一定要分清谓语动词和非谓语动词。,在同一个位置上通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓语动词。,一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别,1.Ihavesomething_(say),tosay,2.Chinaisa_(develope)country.,developing,3.Hewasthenateacher_(respect)byallhisstudents.,respected,4.Theboy_(pick)upthebookand_(give)ittothegilr_(cry)onthefround.,picked,gave,crying,5._(climb)tothetopofthemountain_(take)usalotoftime.,Toclimb,took,6.When_(drive)towork,he_(have)anaccident.,driving,had,1)Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.2)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.3)Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessmen.4)Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.,二、考查非谓语动词作主语,能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。,二者的区别是：,动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。,表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。,1).Tomakeaplanfirstisagoodidea.,Itisagoodideatomakeaplanfirst.,=Ittakesthreehourstowalkthere.,Howrelaxingitistobatheinthesunonthesand!,Tip1:在感叹句中常常把todo用it替代放在句首,2).Towalktheretakesthreehours.,Toworkwiththemisapleasure.,Tobatheinthesunonthesandisrelaxing,Whatapleasureitistoworkwiththem!,把下列句子改为感叹句,2.动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。,Itis/was,nouse/good,notanyuse/good,oflittleuse/good,useless,+doingsth.,Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.,若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.,如want,wish,hope,manage,demand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect等。,三、考查非谓语动词作宾语,tosound,Idontwant_(sound)likeImspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagersplanisunfair.,Theypromise_(come),buttheydidntappear.,tocome,Theyleftthefactory,withthemachine_(run)allnight.,running,Hetoldusweshouldpractise_(speak)Englishasoftenaspossible.,speaking,不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。,1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,1)Icantstand_(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_(lose)thegoodopportunity.,working,tostop,losing,如：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,deny.,2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，,4.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,但不定式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是一表物的名词或代词。,Yourwatchneeds_(repair)2)Thewindowsneed_(paint)again.,repairingtoberepaired.,paintingtobepainted,这类动词主要有：want、need、require,1.Walkingalongtheriver,weheardsomeone_(shout)forhelp.2.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething_(steal).3.Myteachertoldmenot_(be)socareless.,tobe,stolen,shouting,四、考查非谓语动词作宾补,-ed,-ing和todo都可以做宾补,但表达的意思有所不同,-ing的逻辑主语是宾语本身,和宾语为主动关系(/主动进行),-ed的逻辑主语也是宾语,但和宾语为动宾关系(被动/完成),todo和宾语有时是主动关系,有时是动宾关系,(将来),不定式和分词作宾语补足语表达的意义不同。1.Iheardher_(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.2.Iheardher_(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.3.IheardtheEnglishsong_(sing)manytimes.4.Iwassurprisedtofindmyhometown_(change)somuch.,sing,singing,sung,接过去分词时，表被动或完成。,changed,接不定式时，表示动作发生的全过程；,接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行，或正要做分词表示的动作；,1.Childrenshouldbeallowed_(make)theirowndecisions.,tomake,2.Myadvisorencouragedme_(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.,totake,3.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.,tolearn,4.Thebossmadetheworkers_(work)13hoursaday.,work,使役动词，感官动词能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,常见的使役动词有make,let,have等,感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及lookat,listento等,注意:在以上动词用于被动语态时,要还原to,使役动词，感官动词+O+C(todo),3.Pleasetellthechildren_(play)outsidenottomakesomuchnoise.,不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。,五.考查非谓语动词作定语,1.Theirdecision_(give)uptheexperimentsurprisedus.2.Hewasthelastone_(leave)schoolyesterday.,togive,toleave,playing,4.Theylivedinaroom_(face)thesouth.,facing,5._(bark)dogsseldombite.,Barking,6.Someoftheexperiments_(describe)inthebookareeasytoperform.,described,7.Therehavebeenseveralnewevents_(add)totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.,added,现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关系”,过去分词作定语和被修饰的名词是动宾关系,不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作,能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。,六、考查非谓语动词作状语,1.Hehurriedhomeonly_(find)hismoneystolen.,tofind,2.Allofusaresurprised_(see)hisrapidprogress.,tosee,3._(give)achance,Icansurprisetheworld.,Given,4._(come)intotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.,Coming,5.Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,_(look)ratherpleased.,looking,分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题,分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致,现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果,-ing做状语时和逻辑主语是主动关系,-ed做状语时和逻辑主语是被动关系,七、考查非谓语动词作表语,能作表语的有不定式、动名词和分词。,1.Tomsoundsverymuch_(interest)inthejob,butImnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.,interested,2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesis_(make)lifeeasier.,tomake,一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。,动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。,3.Ourworkis_(serve)thepeople,serving,4.Weare_(amaze)atthenewsthatthesingersuicided.,amazed,-ing和-ed做表语的区别,-ing表示令人.,-ed表示感到,(动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可),(动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格),八.动名词的复合结构,1)LiPings/My_(help)hermovedherdeeply.,helping,2.Iappreciateyour/you/LiPings/LiPing_(come)toseeme.,coming,3)Isthereanyhopeofourteam_(win)thematch?4)Whatmademeangrywasthatmanystudents_(fail)intheexam.,动名词的复合结构由物主代词、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。,winning,failing,1.When_(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2._(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3.Generallyspeaking,when_(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.4.If_(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.,heated,heating,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,1.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.,smelling,discussed,2.Theyshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.youvehadit_(explain)oftenenough.,explained,3.Therearehundredsofvisitors_(wait)infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGoghspaintings.,waiting,4.Thedisc,digitally_(record)inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.,recorded,5.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_(form)inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.,forming,6.Theflowers_(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.,7.Ashewasanorphan,thenurse_(trea