情态动词 have done的用法

“情态动词+have done”的用法“情态动词have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：1 should (ought to) have过去分词表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该”；其否定形式为“should notought not to have 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didnt show up. （04广西卷）A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving解析本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选A。2neednt have过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。As you worked late yesterday, you_ have come this morning. (06陕西卷)A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 解析 He neednt have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选D。注意 He didnt need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。3must have过去分词用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用cantcouldnt have 过去分词。I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere . （05北京春季）A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped解析本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。I _have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05天津卷）A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt解析从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选b 。4maymight have过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06天津卷)A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt Key:b5cancould have过去分词表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能也许已做了某事吗？”。- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .- Oh, did you? You with Barbara (NMET98)A. could have stayed B. could stayC. would stay D. must have stayed Key: A巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。1-You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?-No, but we _. He didnt return home at all.A. couldnt have waited B. neednt haveC. didnt need to D. should wait2Harry _ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must3-May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six oclock tonight ?”-“Im sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone4-Tom took away our teachers cell phone without being permitted.- Really? I cant imagine that he _ have done such a thing.A. must B. may C. can D. should5- Was it you that made the suggestion?- It have been. I cant remember.A. need B. must C. should D. may6The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .A. should have taken B. could have takenC. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken7He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need8I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting .A. mustnt have spoken B. mightnt have spokenC. cant have spoken D. shouldnt have spoken9- Hi, is that Peter Brown? -Sorry. You _ the wrong number .A. must dial B. must have dialed C. should dial D. should have dialed10I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour .A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have doneKeys for reference： 1-5 CAADD 6-10 CACBB高考“情态动词have done”考点解析“情态动词have done”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。考点之一：在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词现在完成时”，即：would/ could/ should/ might have done。例如：If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.高考题分析：1. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. ( MET91)A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; couldC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb2. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. (NMET98)A. could have stay B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stay3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.( 96上海)A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said答案简析：1. 根据信息词yesterday可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应该用“情态动词现在完成时”，故答案选C。2. 本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：If you hadnt stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表达了与过去事实相反的情况，答案选A。3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况，故答案选D。考点之二：must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是“一定、肯定”。其否定形式分别用cant/ couldnt和can/ could。例如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。She didnt attend the lesson yesterday. She must have been ill.她昨天没有上课，她一定是生病了。巩固练习：He _ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. (北京题)A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cantThis cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. (05辽宁26题). Should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?- Something _ to him. ( 05江西22题 A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happenedD. must have happenedI was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. ( 05重庆33题)A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have doneI _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.( 05天津14题)A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt- Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. (05 湖北32题)A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt1. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. (MET 89)A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have be