虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气,概念：谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这种形式称为语气。语气分三种：1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。Heislateforclass.Whatfun!Heisnotinterestedinclassicalmusic.2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）Dontbelate！3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。,一、虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中,主语+did/were,主语+should/would/could/might+do,主语+haddone,主语+should/would/could/might+havedone,主语+1.did2.shoulddo3.weretodo,主语+should/would/could/might+do,Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.,1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。,2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。,3.如果你以前好好学习，你会通过考试的。,IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisadvice.,Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.,注意：1.错综时间虚拟语气当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyou_(follow)myadvicejustnow,you_(be)betternow.Ifyou_(study)hardbefore,you_(be)acollegestudentnow.,hadfollowed,wouldbe,hadstudied,wouldbe,2.if从句中，were，had（完成时态标志），should可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），if必须省略。否定词not不能放在前面。1.HadInotseenhimthen(HadntIseenhimthen),Iwouldnthavebeenveryhappy.,2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisadvice.,3.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.,4.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.,Hadyoustudiedhardbefore,WereIyou,Shoulditrainedtomorrow/Wereittoraintomorrow,3、含蓄虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。常用的有介词with，without，butfor（倘没有，要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise等。,1.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.=IfIhadntbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.,2.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.3.Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.,4.Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?5.Without/Butforyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,二、虚拟语气的其他用法1.asif/asthough（好像）+从句与现在相反did/were与过去相反haddone与将来相反would/could/might+doHelooksasifhewereanartist.Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.(区分evenif/though),注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。Eg.Look!Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,2.Itis(high/about)time(that)sbdid/sbshould（不可省略）+do该是某人做某事的时候了。Itishightimethatyougotup/shouldgetup.,3.wish/ifonly(要是就好了）+从句与现在事实相反did/were与过去事实相反haddone与将来事实相反could/would/might+doIwish(that)he_(visit)ustomorrow.Iwish(that)he_(visit)ustoday.Iwishhe_(visit)usyesterday.,hadvisitedus/couldhavevisitedus,would/could/mightvisit,visited,Ifonlyyou_（listen)toouradvice!IfonlyI_(be)abird!,hadlistened,were,4.在wouldrather+宾语从句中与现在或将来事实相反did/were与过去事实相反haddone即：wouldrathersbdid/haddoneIwouldratheryou_(come)heretomorrow.Iwouldratheryou_(nottell)methetruth.,came,hadnttold,5.用于表示建议（advise/suggest/propose/recommend）命令(order/command)要求(demand/require/request/desire)坚持要求(insist)等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：sb（should）+do1.Isuggestedthathe(should)gothereatonce.(宾语从句)2.Myadviceisthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.3.Imadeasuggestionthathe-(同位语从句)4.Itissuggestedthathe-(主语从句)5.Mysuggestionwasthathe-(表语从句),注意：suggest:表明，暗示陈述语气建议虚拟语气Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe_（be)illandthatshe_(send)tohospitalimmediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持认为陈述语气坚持主张，坚持要求虚拟语气Heinsistedthathe_(notsteal)themoneyandinsistedthathe_(set)free.,was,(should)besent,hadntstolen,(should)beset,6.主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是it作形式主语）Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/funny/surprising/apity/ashame/nowonder/suggested/advised/recommended/desired等thatsb(should)+doItisstrangethathe(should)havetreatedhisparentslikethat.ItisapitythatLucy(should)besocareless.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.,Itisstrangethatthelazyboy_passtheexam.A.hasB.shouldC.wouldD.might,Theofficergavetheorderthatnothing_untilthepeoplearrived.A.didnttouchB.touchedC.betouchedD.touch,_itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will,Imgettingtired;itstimewe_home.A.goB.aregoingC.wentD.shouldbegoing,Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.drove;didntgetdrove;wouldntgetweredriving;wouldntgethaddriven;wouldnthavegot,Ifyou_withGeorgeearlier,you_soangrynow.talked;wouldnotbehadtalked;wouldnotbewouldtalk;wouldnotbehadtalked;wouldnothavebeen,Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriver_soseriouslynow.isnotpollutedwouldnotbepollutedhadnotbeenpollutedwouldnothavebeenpolluted,Withoutelectricity,humanbeinglife_quitedifferenttoday.iswillbewouldhavebeenwouldbe,Butforhishelp,I_.shouldnothavesucceededhav