虚拟语气_高中大学虚拟语气_公开课

Welcometoourclass!,Thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气Part1,Learninggoals,1.Knowwhatthesubjunctivemoodrefersto2.Knowthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood3.Masterthestructureofthesubjunctivemoodabout“if”4.Dosomeexercisesaboutthe3thaim,语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(常用在名词性从句中)。简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气的常考形式：,If引导的条件句,a.if真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。,b.if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。,Ifwehavechances,wecanhavefurthercooperation.,IfIhaveanotherchance,IwillvisitChinaagain.,if真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况很有可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思,if条件从句一般现在时,主句willshall+动词原形情态动词+动词原形,Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?,Iwillsleepathomeifitrainstomorrow.,if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。,if引导的虚拟条件句,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,IfIhadagreatdealofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla(别墅)formyparents.,与现在事实相反,?,IfIweretheleaderofQUST,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.,与现在事实相反,if虚拟条件句,If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were),主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,1.IfIhadagreatdealofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla(别墅)formyparents.2.IfIweretheschoolmasterofQUST,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.,即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were),IfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay,2009.,与过去事实相反,IfWilliamhadnotmarriedKate,Katewouldnothavegivenbirthtosuchalovelyson.,与过去事实相反,Ifhehadgotupearlier,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.,与过去事实相反,if虚拟条件句,If+主语+had+动词的过去分词,1.IfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay,2009.IfWilliamhadnotmarriedKate,Katewouldnothavegivenbirthtosuchalovelyson.3.Ifhehadgotupearlier,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.,即：If+过去完成时态,主语+would(should/might/could)havedone,IfImetObamasomeday,Iwouldtakephotoswithhim.IfIweretomeetObamasomeday,IfIshouldmeetObamasomeday,与将来事实相反,if虚拟条件句,1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,IfImet/weretomeet/shouldmeetObamasomeday,Iwouldshakehandswithhim.,总结：if虚拟条件句,1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were),主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were),If+主语+had+动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语+would(should/might/could)havedone,主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,（4+1）,注意以下问题：,1.错综时间虚拟条件句2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句3.含蓄条件句,1.错综时间条件句,1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were),主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were),If+主语+had+动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语+would(should/might/could)havedone,主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,错综时间条件句,错综时间条件句,（4+1）,1.错综时间虚拟条件句即：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。1).Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）2).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）,3).Ifyouhadntlentmesomemoney,IcouldnthaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）,2.在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were,had（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装结构，但if必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。,1).HadIseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.=IfIhadseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.2).ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.3).WereInotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIwerenotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.,2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkyesterday.=Haditnotbeenfor,Ifitwerenotforlackingmoney,Iwouldgotravellingrightnow.=Wereitnotforlackingmoney,（Butfor),与过去事实相反,与现在事实相反,含蓄虚拟条件句,常用于这种情况的词：butfor要不是因为without没有withotherwise/or否则suppose/supposing假设but但是,(1)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副词）,(2)Hetelephonedtotellmeofyourbirthday,or/otherwiseIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）,直陈语气,虚拟语气,直陈语气,虚拟语气,3.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。,含蓄条件句,(3)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（连词）,直陈语气,虚拟语气,(4)用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.,=Ifyouhadamilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?,=Ifwehadntgotyourhelp/Ifyouhadnthelpedus,=Ifithadntbeenfortherain,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,1.Ifmyfather_herenow,he_tellmewhattodo.were;wouldwas;willhadbeen;wouldis;will,Exercise,A,2.Ifhe_myadvice,hewouldnthavelosthisjob.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow,Exercise,C,3.IfI_inthe22ndcentury,I_myvacationinaverydifferentway.,shouldlive;wouldspendwilllive;shouldspendareliving;shouldhavespentwillbeliving;wouldhavespent,A,4._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will,Exercise,tomorrow,B,5.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I_thefirstprizeintheEnglishwritingcompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon,Exercise,B,6.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955，thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry_soserious.A.wouldntbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldnthavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeen,Exercise,now,in1955,A,7Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_.A.wouldntdieB.didntdieC.hadntdiedD.wouldnthavedied,Exercise,D,hadrained,now,8.They_twofreeticketstoCanada，otherwisetheydneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.get,Exercise,B,otherwise,Thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气Part2,Learninggoals,1.Knowthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood2.Masterthestructuresofthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood3.Dosomeexercisesaboutthegrammar,虚拟语气的常考形式：,If引导的条件句,a.if真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。,b.if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。,总结：if虚拟条件句,1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were),主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were),If+主语+had+动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语+would(should/might/could)havedone,主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,（4+1）,注意以下问题：,1.错综时间虚拟条件句2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句3.含蓄条件句,shoulddo!shoulddo!shoulddo!,二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气,二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气,一“坚持”(insist),二“命令”(order,command),四“建议”(advise,suggest,propose,recommend),五“要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)+(that)sb(should)do.或是(that)sb/sth(should)bedone,宾语从句,我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。,Wesuggested_.,Heinsisted_.,Theyrequested(that)Tom_.,(that)Tomhavearest,(that)I(should)gowithhim,(should)besenttoworkthere,Theteacherasked(that)ourhomework_.,(should)befinishedintime,2.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Thesuggestiongivenbyourteacheristhatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Theteachergiveusasuggestionthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.,2.Itisordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demandedthat(should)doThe/Onesinsistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desireis/wasthat(should)doa/thesuggestion/request(等)that(should)do,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Itssuggestedthattheplan(should)becarriedoutatonce.Theoldwomansdemandisthatherson(should)cometoseeheronceaweek.Weareinfavoroftheadvicethatthefactory(should)becloseddown.,3.wish的宾语从句,1.wish的宾语从句,与现在事实相反:一般过去时(be用were)与过去事实相反:过去完成时/couldhavedone与将来事实相反:would/could/might+V.原should,IwishI_(be)astallasYaoMing.,were,Iwish/wishedI_(havenot)eatensomuchwatermelon.,hadnt,Iwishit_(will)raintomorrow.Ifso,Icanstayathometohaveagoodsleep.,would,Hewisheshe_(become)ascientistsomeday.,could/wouldbecome,三.虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:,1.wouldrather,宁愿，但愿,sbdid,与现在或将来情况相反,sbhaddone,与过去情况相反,Iwouldratheryoureturnedmemymoneynow.,Iwouldratherwehadnttoldherthebadnews.,Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,2.asif/asthough,思考：asif/asthough后面的句子是主句还是从句？,Hebehavesasifhe_(own)thehouse.,owned,1).从句的动作与主句动作同时发生(可以理解成与现在事实相反),Hebehavesasifhe_(be)theownerofthehouse.,were,ShetalkedaboutRomeasthoughshe_(be)thereherself.,hadbeen,2).从句的动作发生在主句动作之前(可以理解成与过去事实相反),Hecoughed(咳嗽)twiceasifsomeonewouldcome.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。,3).从句的动作发生在主句动作之后(可以理解成与将来事实相反),总结,asif/asthough,与现在事实相反:一般过去时(be用were)与过去事实相反:过去完成时与将来事实相反:would/could/might+V.原should,与wish的宾语从句相似,3.Itis(high/about)time(that)“是时候.(做某事)”注意:should不能省略,sbdid,sbshoulddo,是时候采取措施来保护环境了。Itis(high/about)timethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.你该走了。Its(high/about)timethatyouwent/shouldgo.,4.在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气(P43)Itsnecessary/strange/natural(自然的,理应如此的)/important/urgent(紧急的）+thatsb(should)do,1).Itisimportantthatwe_(master)aforeignlanguage.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。Its_thatshe_tocometotheparty.3).鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。Itis_thatabird_intrees.,(should)master,(should)refuse,strange,natural,(should)rest,5.Ifonly!要是就好了,Ifonly,与现在事实相反:一般过去时(be用were)与过去事实相反:过去完成时,Ifonlyitstoppedrainingnow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!,总结,wish,asif/though,if表虚拟时，后面接的时态相似，只是wish和asif/though表示与将来事实相反的时候，用would/could/might+动词原型.时态往后退一步(即表与现在事实相反，上述词或词组后面的句子用一般过去时；表与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；）,wouldrather与现在/将来相反：（一般过去时：sbdid）与过去相反：（过去完成时：sbhaddone）ifonly与现在事实相反：一般过去时与过去事实相反：过去完成时（与将来事实相反，少）,Itshigh/abouttimethat.（是时候.(做某事)）sbdid/sbshoulddo二者选其一，should不能省,shoulddo,(1)在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气(2)一“坚持”(insist),二“命令”(order,command),四“建议”(advise,suggest,propose,recommend),五“要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)及这些词的各种形式,四.情态动词表示虚拟,1.本想/打算做某事却没做2.本应该做某事却没做3.本不该做某事却做了4.本能够做某事却没做5.宁愿过去做了某事却没做6.最好过去做了某事却没做7.本不必做某事却做了,wouldhavedoneshould/oughttohavedoneshouldnt/oughtnttohavedonecouldhavedonewouldratherhavedonehadbetterhavedoneneednthavedone,musthavedonemighthavedonecant/couldnthavedone,过去肯定发生了过去可能发生了过去不可能发生,1.insist,suggest2.asif/though3.if,五.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况,insist/suggest各有两种意思，用不同的语气insist:“坚决/持要求”用虚拟语气,即shoulddo;insist:“坚持认为,坚持说”用陈述语气suggest:“建议”用虚拟语气，即shoulddo;suggest:“表明、暗示”用陈述语气,asif/asthoughasif后是客观事实时，不用虚拟语气如果是以虚假的假设，则用虚拟语气Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.Thedarkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.,1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe_(practise)moreafterclass.2.Herpalefacesuggeststhatshe_(be)illtoday.3.Heinsistedthatallofus_(get)thereontimebyanymeans.4.Heinsistedthathe_(notsteal)thediamond,andthatheshouldbesetfree.他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。,(should)practise,is,(should)get,hadntstolen,If引导的条件句,a.if真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。,b.if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采