课件三(courseware 3)： 英汉语差异

英汉语差异,李春江,LanguageFamily,EnglishGermanicbranchoftheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily,ChineseSino-Tibetanlanguagefamily,BorrowedWords,EnglishLatin:pen,pencilFrench:sir,feastGreek:comedyArabic:coffeePersian:bazaarChinese:tea,chop-suey,chowmein,kowtow,toufu,Chinese逻辑、的士、芭蕾舞、沙龙、休克,词义宽窄,sistercousinmarry,事情(thing,matteraffair,business),搭配,takeoffglassestakeoffovercoatrideahorserideonaplane,haveacupofteahaveacigarettehavedinner,参加革命参加会议参加劳动参加意见,看电视看黑板看电影看地图,碰到困难碰到生词碰到风暴碰到机会,抓紧施肥graspmanurepaycloseattentiontoorattendtothequestionofmanure取得成就makeachievements(haveorattain),学习知识learnknowledge(acquireorattain)把中国建设成为buildChinainto(turnortransform),犯个人主义的错误makemistakesofindividualism(mistakesofsuccumbingtoindividualism)我们有过这样的经验Wehadtheexperiencethat(Itwasourexperiencethat),争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收ForagoodharvestbothinsportsandmoralsLongmanDictionary:“standardsofbehavrior,esp.inmattersofsex”Forbetter(atheletic)recordsandsportsmanship.,男孩子到底是男孩子。Boyswillbeboys.啊，你到底来了。Hereyouareatlast!,我们的事业从胜利走向新的胜利。Ourcausehaswonvictoriesoneafteranother.Wehavewononevictoryafteranotherforourcause.Aseriesofvictorieshavebeenwonforourcause.,汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。Chinesecharactershavemadeindeliblecontributionsinhistory.ThesystemofChinesecharactershasplayedaninvaluableroleinourhistory.,宗教不得干预政治。Religionmustnotinterferewithpolitics.Itisimpermissibletointerferewithpoliticsinthenameofreligion.,修饰词,胜利召开successfullyconvened严肃处理、热烈拥护、认真贯彻、彻底粉碎、深入批判不切实际的幻想、毫无根据的诽谤,进一步简化手续，及时地积极地从国外引进，并且认真组织科学技术人员和广大职工做好消化和推广工作。Weshouldfurthersimplifyproceduresandtakepromptandvigorousactiontoimporturgentlyneededtechnologyearnestlyorganizescientists,techniciansandthemassofworkerstoassimilateandpopularizeimportedtechnology.,Weshould(further)simplifyproceduresandtakeprompt(andvigorous)actiontoimporturgentlyneededtechnology(earnestly)organizescientists,techniciansand(themassof)workerstoassimilateandpopularizeimportedtechnology.,Structure,汉语有无主句修饰语只能放在前面习惯用短句定语较短没有表语,英语没有语序灵活（修饰语即可在前，亦可在后）复合句或长句多定语多且长有表语,词序,fleshandbloodrichandpooroldandnewheavyandlighttrackandfieldlandandwaterrightandleft,Culturalandlexicalmeaning,Lexicalmeaning:thebasicmeaningoftheword,especiallywhenitcomesintothelanguageoriginally.Culturalmeaning:themeaningofthewordconnectedwithaspecificcivilizationofthestateofculturaldevelopmentofaparticularpeople.,REDthecoloroffreshbloodoritslikehighpoliticalconsciousnessoftheproletariat,DifferentCustomsandThinking,dogYouluckydog.leadadogslifeEverydoghashisday.,狗狗屁狗屁不通狗腿子狗崽子,wearonesSundaysuitthelandflowingwithmilkandhoney15%offstudentdriverchoicematerialridethehighhorse,anotherpairofshoesMayIknowyourname?laughonesheadoff(splittingonessides)likeadrownedrat,Phraseology,AwhiteelephantanewbroomsweepscleantitfortatanearlybirdbebornwithasilverspooninthemouthtofishintheairMindyourpsandqs,Colloquialandformal,lookinto(investigate)spread(disseminate)giveup(abandon)putout(extinguish),天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。,天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。Itwassocoldthattheriverfroze.理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。Thattheorymustgohandinhandwithpracticeisaprincipleweshouldalwayskeepinmind.,他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。Hewascommendedbythecompanycommanderforhisdistinguishedperformanceinthebattle.年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。Allcitizenswhohavereachedtheageofeighteenhavetherighttovoteandtostandforelection.,当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。Atthetimethefriendshipstorewasexclusivelyopentoforeignvisitors.,她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。,她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。Sheisjustifiablyproudofherachievements.这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。Thissmallfactoryunderwentatechnologicalrenovation,thusdevelopingwithsurprisingspeed.,只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。Aglanceatthisletterwillconvinceyouthatyouhavebeentakenin.看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。Thejanitorstaggereddownthestairway,stunnedandgasping.,还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。Itwasstillhotbuteveryonefeltmuchbetter,forthebreeze,thoughslight,broughtthemhope.,Thereisnomonthinthewholeyear,inwhichnaturewearsamorebeautifulappearancethaninthemonthofAugust!Inthoseyears,Doriscouldhavemadesomethingofherselfifshehadbeenaboy.,Itistheelectroniccomputerstheimportanceofwhichcantbeoverestimatedthatcometothehelpofhumanbrain,thusopeningupboundlesspossibilities.SurroundedbywildflyingsprayanddeafenedbytheroaroftheFalls,touristscomefacetofacewithoneofnaturesgreatextravagances.,ItwasakeendisappointmentwhenIhadtopostponethevisitwhichIhadintendedtopaytoChinainJanuary.Iwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.Hewasapatriotic,adventurousandromanticwriter.,Arroganceandcomplacenceturnedouttobehisruin.Thebigcourtyardisfullofvehicles,yel