承包商安全管理和工厂的作业许可制度

5/28/2020,1,Preparedby:DannyWong,ContractorSafetyManagementandPermittoworkatSite承包商安全管理和工厂的作业许可制度,5/28/2020,2,Contents:目录,KeyPointsinContractorSafetyManagementProcedure承包商安全管理程序的要点Selectionofcontractors承包商的选择Evaluatingthecontractors承包商的评估Controllingcontractors承包商的管控TypeofHighRiskActivitiesonsite工厂内高危作业的种类SitePermittoworkandProceduresrelatingtosafetyatwork.工厂的作业许可制度和安全作业的相关程序Permittocommentwork评估工作许可制度Hotworkpermit动火作业许可制度Workingatheightpermit高处作业许可制度EntrytoConfinedSpacepermit有限空间作业许可制度ContractorusageofChemicalonsite承包商在厂区内使用化学品的管理PermitforliftingusingCrane起重设备的使用许可HighVoltageElectricalWorkPermit高压作业许可制度,5/28/2020,3,CONTRACTORSSAFETYMANAGEMENT承包商安全管理,Corporate-ContractorSafetyManagement总部-承包商安全管理,Riskassessmentoftheworktobeperformedtoidentifyandmitigatepotentialhazards.通过风险评估确定并减轻潜在的危险。EvaluationofthecontractortoconfirmcapabilitiestoadequatelyaddressEHSrequirements.评估承包商的能力以确保其满足安全环保的要求。Siteinductionofcontractors.工厂对于承包商的引入。MonitoringofcontractorperformancetoconfirmthatworkisbeingcarriedouttotheagreedRiskAssessment,methodstatementsand/orstandards.监督承包商的施工以确定作业在已经确认的风险评估、工作方法陈述或标准下开展。,EachsiteneedtoimplementaSiteSpecificContractorSafetyManagementProcedureorProgramtoensurecompliancetotherequirementsstatedinthiscorporateprocedure.每个工厂都必须实施各自的承包商安全管理程序以保证符合总部程序的要求。Theprocessforcontractorsafetymanagementmustbefollowed,whichincludesfourkeyobjectives:承包商安全管理程序必须严格执行，包含了以下四点：,5/28/2020,4,KeyDefinition主要定义,ProjectOwner:ReferstoHi-Phost,projectcoordinator,projectmanagerandanyHi-Pstaffoverseeingaprojectdonebycontractor.项目责任人：指赫比的项目协调人、项目经理或者其他监督承包商施工的赫比员工。Contractor:AnindividualorcompanycontractedtoperformworkforHi-P,butisneitheraHi-Pworkernoratemporaryworker.承包商：非赫比员工或临时工的，与赫比签订协议进入施工的个人或公司。Sub-contractor:Anindividualorcompanywhohasacontractualrelationshipwith,andisworkingunderthedirectionof,acontractortocarryoutallorpartofacontractenteredintobyHi-Pandthecontractor.转包商：拥有与赫比和承包商签订全部或部分劳动合同进行承包作业个人或公司TemporaryWorker:Anindividualhiredthroughanagencyoranotheremployertoperformservicesfor,andunderthedirectionof,aHi-Pemployeeforaspecifiedperiodoftime.临时工：通过中介机构或其他雇主从事服务的个人，临时进入赫比的员工。Hi-PContact:AHi-Presourcewhoisappointedtocoordinatetheinteractionbetweenthecontractoractivitiesandthenormalsiteoperationsor,inthecaseofnewfacilityconstruction,withtheCorporateRealEstateorganization.ThisindividualshouldnormallybetheHi-PInternationalLimitedpartywhoinitiatedthecontractoranappointedprojectcoordinator.赫比联络人：负责与承包商沟通、协调，并将工程的进展向管理层汇报的员工。,5/28/2020,5,SiteManagement-ThoseseniormanagerswithcollectiveexecutiveresponsibilityforsiteactivitiesandwhocarrylegalaccountabilityasofficersofHi-Pforsafetyandenvironmentalcomplianceonthesite.Thetermdoesnotincludemanagersandexecutiveswhomaybebasedatthesite,butwhoseresponsibilitiesdonotrelatedirectlytoactivitiesonthesite.现场管理高级管理人员应对现场作业监督管理，确保承包商符合赫比的安全环境政策。,Hi-P-ControlledPremises-ThosepremisesorpartsofpremisesoccupiedandmanagedbyHi-Poritssubsidiarycompanies,andforwhichHi-PSiteManagementisheldaccountableforsafetyandenvironmentalcomplianceassociatedwiththeactivitiesonthepremises.Thetermdoesnotincludepremisessuchasaccommodationdormitoriesandwarehousesthatareoccupiedandoperatedbythird-partycompaniesunlessthemanagementofactivitiesinthosepremisesisbeingundertakenbyathirdpartyonbehalfofHi-PthroughadirectcontractualagreementbetweenHi-Pandthethirdparty,wherebythecontractualagreementwouldresultinHi-Pretainingliabilityinlawforsafetyandenvironmentalcomplianceonthepremises,KeyDefinition主要定义,5/28/2020,6,ContractorSafeWorkingPlan-AwrittenContractorSafeWorkingPlanwillnormallyberequiredforcomplexprojectshavingmultiplehigh-riskelements.承包商的安全工作计划承包商的书面安全工作计划，通常包含多个高风险因素的复杂项目。AContractorSafeWorkingPlanisawrittendescriptionofhowtheprojectistobecompletedinasafemanner,andwillincludedetailedandclearresponsibilitiesforsafetymanagementandsupervisionduringtheproject.承包商安全工作计划是一份书面说明项目是如何以一种安全的方式完成，将包括在项目的安全管理和监督的详细和明确的责任。ProjectsrequiringawrittenContractorSafeWorkingPlantypicallyinvolveavarietyofcontractorsandsubcontractorsandmayinvolvemultipleapplicationsofseveraltypesofpotentiallyhazardousworkactivitiesandthoseworkswithoutapermittoworksysteminplace.Suchasexcavationworkandroofworketc.项目需要承包商的书面安全工作计划通常涉及承包商和分包商的种类，可能涉及多种应用的潜在危险的作业。如挖掘工作和屋顶等工作Typically,theprimecontractorwillmanageandsupervisesafetyandenvironmentalissuesduringthecontract.SuchaprimecontractorwillberequiredtopreparethewrittenContractorSafeWorkingPlanfortheprojectandmayalsotakeonspecificdefinedresponsibilitiesforthemanagementofsafetyofsubcontractorsonsite.通常情况下，主要承包商将管理和监督安全和环境问题。这样的主要承包商将需要准备的书面的工程安全工作计划，具体确定了现场的分包商的安全管理责任。,KeyDefinition主要定义,5/28/2020,7,HigherRiskServicesorProjectsincludeoneormoreofthefollowingworkifthereisnopermittoworksysteminplaceatsite以下作业属于高危作业,Excavation.挖掘Roofwork.屋顶上作业Confinedspaceentry.有限空间作业Electricalwork.电气作业Externalbuildingcleaning,chemicalcleaning,fumigation,andpainting.建筑物外的清洁、化学清洁、熏蒸和粉刷Extensivehotwork.动火作业Majorliftingoperationsusingmobilecranes,etc.起重作业Anyworkwhichinvolvestheerectionofscaffolding.脚手架上的作业Handling,disposalormodificationofanybuilding,plant,orequipmentthatis,orcouldpossiblybe,contaminatedbyleadorasbestos.可能使用石墨、石棉的建筑、工厂、设施改造Watertreatmentoperations.(WaterTankCleaning)水处理操作WorkonequipmentthatinvolvessignificantEHSrisk.其他包含EHS风险的作业,KeyDefinition主要定义,5/28/2020,8,TheSiteContractorSafetyManagementProgrammustincludeastructure3stepsprocessofContractorSelection,EvaluationandControlofContractorWork.工厂的承包商管理必须包含以下三个步骤，供应商选择、评估、施工管理,Selection挑选,ProjectownernotifycontractorofHi-PsEHSrequirements.项目主管提交符合要求的承包商Projectownerrequestforcontractorsafetyevaluationform(SampleAttachment1).要求承包商填写安全评估表Projectownercollectsafetyevaluationformfromcontractor.回收评估表EHScottonorcottonblendfabricispreferred.不要穿尼龙和化纤的衣物，棉质的会更合适Forappropriatepersonalprotection,wear:适合的PPE有Faceshield,goggles,orspecialglasses面罩，护目镜、专用的眼镜Andwearprotectiveclothingsuchas:正确的防护服有Leathergloves皮革手套Long-sleevedshirtsandpants长袖的上衣和裤子,PersonalProtectiveEquipment个人防护用具,5/28/2020,32,Damagebyexplosionduetoflashback因为回火引发的爆炸,WorkingAtHeight高处作业,5/28/2020,34,GoalsandObjectives:目的和目标Attheendofthissessionyouwill:本次培训结束后你将会：BefamiliarwiththeWorkingAtHeightPermitSystem.熟悉高处作业的许可制度RecognizethetypeofworkrequiringHeightWorkPermits.了解高处作业许可的种类HazardsandsafetyrequirementsforeachtypeHeightWork.每种作业的风险和安全要求,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,35,WHEN时间Permitrequiredforworkabove2metreswithoutpermanentAccess.高于2m作业的临时许可WHO作业人员Anindividualwho,byvirtueofexperience,training,andqualification,isdeemedcompetenttoauthorizePermitsforWorkatheights.作业人员需要具有相关经验，经过培训，具有高处作业许可。WHY目的Toidentifyandcontrolhazardofworkingatheight.识别和控制高处作业的风险Toestablishaproceduretopreventinjuryduetoworkingatheight.建立程序来防止因高处作业导致的伤害,C:/Koh/Training/Working-at-Height.ppt,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,36,Whatarethe2mainhazardsrelatingtoworkingatheight?高处作业的2个主要风险是什么？Personfallingfromheight.人员坠落Objectsfallingfromheight.物体坠落,C:/Koh/Training/Working-at-Height.ppt,OtherSafetyConsideration其他安全考虑LiftingSafety起重作业WorkinConfinedArea有限空间作业ElectricalSafety电气作业AccessandEgress出入通道Work作业Workingindeeptrenchandexcavationactivities深坑中的作业和挖掘作业,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,37,C:/Koh/Training/Working-at-Height.ppt,PreventionofFallingHazards防止坠落的风险,Ensuresecurefootandhandhold确保站稳抓牢,Properaccessandregress适当的路径,RightselectionandsoundconstructionofworkingPlatform.正确选择和良好的工作平台,Wearandanchorsafetybelt/Harness使用安全带,Properguardrailforopeningtopreventfall.安装护栏,RiskAssessmentcarryouttoestablishHealthandSafetymeasures进行风险评估,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,38,C:/Koh/Training/Working-at-Height.ppt,Cordon-offworkarea设置隔离区域,Properarrangementoftoolsandpracticegoodhousekeeping正确的工具放置,Donotstorelooseitemsnearopensides/provideoverheadshelterforbelowemployees.不要随意把杂物放在开口处，不要放在其他员工的上方,ProvideHardHat/protect使用安全帽,PreventionofFallingHazards防止坠落的风险,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,39,C:/Koh/Training/Working-at-Height.ppt,GENERALREQUIREMENTS一般要求LADDERS梯子SCAFFOLD脚手架MOBILESCAFFOLD/PLATFORM/LIFTER移动平台GONDOLAS货架,Typeofworkingatheight高处作业的种类,WorkingatheightPermit,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,40,C:/Koh/Training/Working-at-Height.ppt,GeneralRequirements一般要求,Allplacesofworkwherebyapersonisliabletofalladistanceofmorethan2metersshallbeprovidedwithbarricadeorguardrails.所有高度超过2米工作场所，即使只有一个人作业，也应安装护栏。Safetybeltmustbewornandmustbeanchoredtoasecuredpointwhereitisnotpracticableattheplacetoprovideasecurehandholdandfoothold.必须使用安全带，并悬挂在安全可靠的地方，如果没有合适的地方那必须要有安全的把手和立足点Whereasafetybeltisused,theanchoragepointshallnotbelowerthantheleveloftheworkingpositionoftheperson.安全带必须高挂低用Barricadeshallbeofadequatestrengthataheightof1.1metersabovetheplatformsandwithtoeboardsuptoa200mm.Anothermidwayrailsaretoprovidebetweenthespaceofthehighestguardrailandthetoeboard.上护栏离作业面高1.1m，下部的挡脚板宽0.2m，两者之间还应安装中护栏。,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,41,C:/Koh/Training/Working-at-Height.ppt,GeneralRequirements(Cont)一般要求,TheworkingareashallbeeffectivelybarricadedwithRed/Whitetapesand“Nounauthorizedentry”warningsignboardsputup.工作区应有有效的“禁止入内”的警示。Effectivemeansofpreventingmaterialfromdroppingdownfromheightshallbetaken,suchasprovidingtoeboardsandtoolboxes.防止从高空坠物，应采取有效的措施，如安装挡脚板和使用工具箱。Nootherpersonshallbeallowedtoworkwithintheworkareawithouttheuseofsafetyhelmet.没有佩戴安全帽的人禁止入内Inventoryofpermanentelevatedworkareaonsiteshouldbereviewedregularlyanddocumented.应当保留高处作业的相关记录,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,42,ReducingtheriskladdersSafety降低风险使用梯子的安全,Onlyforshortduration,lightdutyworkwherenotreasonablypracticabletousesafermeansofaccesse.g.towerscaffolds除了短期、工作量较小的工作，应当使用更安全的方式，如脚手架Onlyusegoodconditionladders,nowoodenladdersisallowed除非状态良好，不允许使用木质的梯子Placeonlevel,firmsurfacefreefromcontaminationlikelytocauseittoslip.防置在水平，坚固的地面，确定没有可能使梯子滑到的污渍Securetheladderattoporbottomorheldbyapersontopreventslipping.梯子的上部或下部有人扶住Wearappropriatefootwearfreefromexcessivemudorgrease.穿适当的鞋子攀爬Alwaysfacetheladderwhenclimbingupordownorworkingfromit.上下时必须面对梯子Donotcarryheavyorawkwardloadswhenonladder.在梯子上时不要拿过重的负载Donotoverreachsidewaysorbackwards.不要横向或者向后移动Donotworkfromtopplatformunlessdesignedspecificallyforthis.不要坐在顶部作业除非梯子是专门为此设计的Makesurethestepladderisfullyopen(andlocked)beforeclimbingit.爬上折梯前先确认已经充分打开和锁住Aladdershallberaisedorprovidedwithadequatehandholdtoaheightofatleast1meterabovetheplaceoflanding.梯子顶端应高出支撑点1mEveryladderrisingtoaverticaldistanceof9metersshallbeprovidedwithintermediatelandingplacesothattheverticaldistancebetweenthe2landingsshallnotexceed9meters.梯子上升到了9m的垂直距离，须设置中间平台，使两个平台之间的垂直距离不得超过9m。,Nostandingorsittingontoprung,Clothing/Shoesaresuitableforclimbing,Handsarefreeforclimbing,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,43,Checkingtheladderstoensure,检查梯子确保,Securedsoastopreventundueswaying稳固不晃动Equallyandproperlysupportedoneachupright每个支撑脚都可以充分着地Usedsoasnottocauseunduesagging不造成不必要的下陷Placedasnearlyaspossibleataninclinationof4to1.工作角度尽可能与水平面成75Freefrommissingordefectiverung横档没有缺失EnsureBuddySystemwhenclimbingonladder确保攀爬时有人保护,Ensurethatlegsareonfirmfootingorheldbyanotherperson确保梯脚稳固或者有人扶着,Verticalladdertobeusedatorclosetotheelevationratioof4:1(verticaltohorizontal)工作角度尽可能与水平面成75,Handholdatleast1maboveplaceoflanding梯子顶端应高出支撑点1m,InGoodCondition状态良好,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,44,Scaffolds脚手架,5/28/2020,45,WhatIsAScaffold?脚手架是什么？,Anelevated,temporaryworkplatform一个提升的，临时的作业平台Threebasictypes:三种基本类型Supportedscaffolds-platformssupportedbyrigid,loadbearingmembers,suchaspoles,legs,frames,and在坚固的水平的地面上使用c)Havethecastersprovidedwithapositivelockingdevicetoholdthescaffoldinposition.使用时要固定锁住轮子,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,52,ScaffoldHeight脚手架的高度,Theheightofthescaffoldshouldnotbemorethanfourtimesitsminimumbasedimensionunlessguys,ties,orbracesareused脚手架的高度不能超过宽度的4倍除非特别加固,20,5,5/28/2020,53,C:/Koh/Training/Working-at-Height.ppt,Notowerscaffoldshallbemovedexceptbyapplyingforceatornearthebaseandnopersonorloosematerialshallremainonthetowerscaffoldthatitisbeingmoved.平台附近的地面可以承受重量，平台上没有人和杂物的时候可以移动平台Allplatformorcomponentshallbeinspectedthattheyaresecuredbeforemovingthescaffold.移动平台前所有平台或组件需要进行检查。Movabletowerscaffoldshallnotbemovedonunevengroundorslope.移动式平台不能在不平的或有斜坡的地面上移动Allworkingplatform,所有的作业平台shallbeeithercloselyboarded;plankedorconstructedofmetaldecking.需要铺设紧密的脚手板Boards,planksordeckingshallbecapableofsupportingtherequiredload.脚手板要能承受一定的负载Metaldeckingwhichformspartofaworkingplatformshallbeprovidedwithnon-skidsurfaces.铺设的金属板必须是防滑的Scaffoldboards,planksordeckingshallbeflushedandsecured.铺设的脚手板必须覆盖平台确保安全Allscaffolderectionshallcomplywiththerequiredlegislations.所有脚手架的搭建需要符合法律要求,SCAFFOLDSAFETY(Tower/otherscaffold)塔式和其他类型平台的安全,WorkingAtHeightPermit高处作业许可制度,5/28/2020,54,Theendsofthisscaffoldarenotproperlyguarded这个脚手架保护不充分,Thisisnotaproperlyconstructedscaffold这个脚手架搭建不当,5/28/2020,55,Nolargegapsinfrontedgeofplatforms平台前端和建筑物保持的间距要小Eachabuttedendofplankmustrestonaseparatesupportsurface每一块相邻的脚手板需要有独立的支撑面Overlapplatformsatleast12inchesoversupports,unlessrestrainedtopreventmovement平台的交接处至少有12英寸（30CM）以上的交汇，除非这样限制止活动,ScaffoldPlatformConstruction作业平台的搭建,Planksnotproperlyoverlapped没有充分的连接,5/28/2020,56,PlatformEnds平台边缘,Eachendofaplatform,unlesscleatedorotherwiserestrainedbyhooks,mustextendoveritssupportbyatleast6inches(15cm)所有平台的边缘必须延伸至少6英寸（15厘米）除非防滑处理或以其他方式挂钩限制,NoCleats没有延伸的脚手板,5/28/2020,57,FallingObjectProtection防止坠物,Wearhardhats使用安全帽Barricadeareabelowscaffoldtoforbidentryintothatarea在下方设置警戒区域防止进入Usepanelsorscreensifmaterialisstackedhigherthanthetoeboard如果挡脚板不能限制物体落下，可以采用挡板Buildacanopyorerectanetbelowthescaffoldthatwillcontainordeflectfallingobjects可以在平台下方采取隔离网的措施，防止坠物,5/28/2020,58,OverheadPowerLines架空电力线路,Thepossibilityofelectrocutionisaseriousconsiderationwhenworkingnearoverheadpowerlines如果在架空电力线路附近工作，要认真考虑电击的可能性ChecktheclearancedistanceslistedintheStandard查阅标准列出安全作业的距离,5/28/2020,59,ScaffoldSupportExamples脚手架固定的案例,GoodsupportInadequatesupport不当的支撑良好的支撑Indangerofcollapse?有坍塌的危险,Baseplate支撑物,Mudsills底座,5/28/2020,60,SupportedScaffolds脚手架的支撑,Platformssupportedbylegs,outriggerbeams,brackets,poles,uprights,posts,足够容纳一人(b)hasalimitedorrestrictedmeansofentryorexit;进出口受限(c)isnotprimarilyintendedordesignedforhumanoccupancy;and其主要目的不是供人使用的,(d)containsoneormoreofthefollowingcharacteristics:具有以下一个或多个特征：apotentiallyhazardousatmosphere;可能有有害气体apotentialengulfmenthazard;and可能有吞没的风险otherhealthandsafetyrisks.其他威胁健康和安全的危险,5/28/2020,75,ExamplesofConfinedSpaces:有限空间包括：,Tanks储罐Manholes人孔Boilers锅炉Furnaces熔炉Sewers下水道Silos地窖Hoppers加料斗,Vaults地下室Pipes管道Trenches沟渠Tunnels隧道Ducts输送管Bins箱柜Pits深坑,5/28/2020,76,WHYENTERCONFINEDSPACES?为什么要进入有限空间,ConfinedSpaceEntry进入有限空间,Cleaning清洁,Inspection检查,Maintenance保养,EmergencyRescue紧急救援,5/28/2020,77,TheFourMainTypesofHazardousAtmospheres四种主要的有害气体环境,1.OxygenDeficientAtmospheres;缺氧2.OxygenEnrichedAtmospheres;富氧3.FlammableorExplosiveAtmospheres;易燃易爆气体4.ToxicAtmospheres.有毒气体,5/28/2020,78,OXYGEN-DEFICIENTATMOSPHERES缺氧环境,Whydoesithappen?为什么会发生这种情况？Consumption消耗Welding,cuttingorheating焊接、切割、加热Bacterialaction细菌的作用Humanconsumption人的呼吸Displacement排放Purginggases净化气体Naturaldisplacement自然排放,5/28/2020,79,OXYGENSCALE含氧量,O2Enriched富氧,SafeZone安全区域,O2DeficientZone缺氧区域,23.5%-Firehazard火灾风险,16%-Impairedjudgement9.所有人员离开有限空间，移除挂牌Step10-Finalinspectionandallcleargivenfortheconfinedspacetoreturntoservice10.最后检查，确认现场清理完毕，有限空间恢复原有功用,CONFINEDSPACEENTRYPROCESS进入有限空间的程序,5/28/2020,86,Permit-RequiredConfinedSpace准入有限空间,APermit-RequiredConfinedSpaceisconfinedspacethathasoneormoreofthefollowingcharacteristics:准入有限空间有以下一个或几个特征,Containsorhasthepotentialtocontainahazardousatmosphere;包含或可能含有有害气体Containsamaterialthathasthepotentialforengulfinganentrant;空间内可能发生吞没的危险Hasaninternalconfigurationsuchthatanentrantcouldbecometrappedorasphyxiated;or其内部结构可能导致进入者迷失或窒息Containsanyotherserioussafetyorhealthhazard.包含其他严重威胁安全或健康的风险,5/28/2020,87,ExampleofConfinedSpaceEntryPermitform有限空间作业申请表的样张,5/28/2020,88,CS-PROCEDUREOFENTRY进入的程序,WORKERSINVOLVED/RESPONSIBILITIES相关人员的职责-Employer管理者Providepermittoenter/coordinate批准进入-Contractor承包商Obtainpermittoenter,knowthehazardsandcomplywithsafeworkprocedures获准进入，了解风险遵守安全作业程序-Entrysupervisor(ES)作业负责人Inspect,ensurealltherequirementsarebeingcompliedwiththeentrypermit监督并确保所有的进入的作业人员遵守规定,5/28/2020,89,-AuthorisedGasTester(AGT)Carryouthazardidentificationandtestingforsafeentry-气体检测人：进行气体的检测，确定是否可以进入作业。-StandbyPerson(SP)Monitortheentryoperationfromoutsideandensurethenumberofauthorisedentrantcommunicateconsistently-监护人：在有限空间外监督，并确保与作业人员不间断的联系-AuthorisedEntrant(ET)Communicatewithstand-by-person.Evacuateimmediatelyifdetectsymptomsofdangerous,hazardousconditionortriggerofwarningalarm-作业人员与监护人保持联络：如果发现危险的迹象、有害的环境或者接到警告立即疏散,CS-PROCEDUREOFENTRY进入的程序,5/28/2020,90,PURGING排气,5/28/2020,91,PURGINGGUIDELINES排气的指导方针,1.Allgaseswhicharelighterthanairshouldbepurgedthroughadischargepointinthetopoftheconfinedspace.所有比空气轻的气体，应通过有限空间顶端排放点。2.Allgaseswhichareheavierthanairshouldbepurgedthroughadischargepointinthebaseoftheconfinedspace.所有比空气重的气体，应通过有限空间底端排放点。3.Confinedspacesthatcontainaflammableorexplosiveatmosphereshouldbepurgedusinganon-flammablegas.排除易燃易爆气体时应使用不易燃的气体。4.Confinedspacesthathavebeenpurgedusinganon-flammablegasshouldbeventilatedwithcleanairafterthepurginghasbeencompleted.空间内通入不易燃气体后应使用空气将内部的气体排尽。,PURGING/INERTINGORFLUSHING排气/使用惰性气体排气,Medium:方法Inertgases惰性气体nitrogen氮气Water水Steam水蒸气,5/28/2020,92,VENTILATING通风,5/28/2020,93,POORVENTILATIONPRACTICE空气不流通的例子,5/28/2020,94,GOODVENTILATIONPRACTICE空气流通的例子,5/28/2020,95,ISOLATION(LOCKOUT/TAGOUT)危险源隔离（挂牌上锁）,5/28/2020,96,ISOLATIONMETHOD隔离的方法,5/28/2020,97,LOCKOUTOFPIPING管道的上锁,5/28/2020,98,LOCKOUTOFELECTRICALCIRCUIT电路的挂牌上锁,5/28/2020,99,ATMOSPHERICTESTING气体检测,Atmospherictestinghas2distinctpurposes气体检测有两个直接的目的Identifyhazardousagentpresenceintheconfinedspace确定有限空间内是否存在有害气体Verifytheatmosphereiswithinacceptablelevel核实气体环境是否在可以接受的水平,5/28/2020,100,CheckforOxygenContent:检查氧含量Atleast19.5%andlessthan23.5%在19.5%-23.5%之间CheckforCombustibles:检查易燃气体Lessthan10%oftheLEL低于LEL的10%CheckforToxicGasses:检查有毒气体Mostcommonlycarbonmonoxide(PEL35ppm)一般检查一氧化碳含量oranyotherhazardousmaterialsasdeterminedbytheuseofthespace.其他物质（取决于空间的用途）,Inthisorder:目的是,ATMOSPHERICTESTING气体检测,5/28/2020