选修六虚拟语气课件

,虚拟语气Subjunctive,如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子我有一千万吗？没有。所以我仍然没有房子。如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。我有翅膀吗？没有。所以我也没办法飞。如果把整个太平洋的水倒出，也浇不息我对你爱情的火整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗？不行。所以我并不爱你。,虚拟语气(theSubjunctiveMood),表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望或推测。,1.theSubjunctiveMoodusedinIfClauses；2.inversionusedinIfClauses；3.theSubjunctiveMoodusedintheNounClauses；4.someotherformsoftheSubjunctiveMood；5.theSubjunctiveMoodandtheIndicativeMood.,TestPoints,虚拟语气的解题思路,1.依据情境，判定虚拟,2.抓住信息词，确定虚拟类别,3.依据时态，确定虚拟句的动词形式,Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.A.drovedidntgetB.haddrivenwouldnthavegotC.drovewouldntgetD.weredrivingwouldntget,一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式（1）条件从句+主句（2）名词性从句中的虚拟语气（3）wish,asif,ifonly及wouldrather的虚拟形式（4）Itistimethat的虚拟形式二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象（1）含蓄条件句（2）时间错综句（3）虚实错综句,Q:Whatsthedifferencebetweenthetwosentences?,IfIamfree,Iwillvisityou.,IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.,（虚拟条件句）,(真实条件句）,Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould,IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.(与现在事实相反）,IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyavilla.（与现在事实相反）,Ifhehadgotupearly,hewouldnothavebeenlateforschool.（与过去事实相反）,Ifhe_morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.（与过去事实相反）,haddriven,wouldnothavehad,IfI_howtoswim,I_trappedinthisisland.（与过去事实相反）,hadlearnt,wouldnothavebeen,假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？,Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.,假如他看见我,就会认识我。,Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.,虚拟语气theSubjunctiveMood,haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedonedid/were1.shoulddo2.weretodo3.did,would/should/could/mightdo,1.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。,IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.,2.要是你离开的早一点,你就会赶上公共汽车了.,Ifyouhadleftearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.,3.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事。(事实是明天他不会来）,Ifhecame/weretocome/shouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.,条件状语的倒装：,如果从句中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：Were/Had/Should+主+其他（if省略）,WereIyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientsahug.,Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.,Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.,IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientsahug.,Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.,Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.,1.Therice_ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.A.wouldnotbeburningB.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothaveburntD.wouldnotburnt2.Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented3.Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome4._forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheyhavenot5.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot,6.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceed7.Ifhe_,he_thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken8.Ifit_tomorrow,theywouldnotgotherebybike.A.willrainB.rainsC.wouldrainD.shouldrain9._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will10.IfI_you,Iwouldnotdoit.A.amB.wereC.shallbeD.being,2.名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：demand,require,request,desireask,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,Iproposethatwe(should)setadeadlineforhandingintheplans.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Iinsistedthatwe(should)decidewhattodowithhim.,虚拟语气形式：(should)+动词原形,注意:当suggest作“暗示、表明”解时;insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”解时不用虚拟！,1)HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.,2)Heinsistedthathedidntstealthemoneyandthattheteacher(should)apologizetohim.,1.动词+宾语从句,一个坚持;两个：insist命令：order,command;三个建议：suggest,propose,advise;四个要求：desire,demand,ask,require,1.我们建议Tom去休息一下。2.他坚决要求我到场。3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,1.WesuggestedthatTom,2.HeinsistedthatIpresent.,4.Theyrequestedthatwe,3.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners,shouldhavearest.,(should)be,Shouldbekilled,thenextday.,shouldsendthem,toworkthere.,4.order等+be+表语从句5.order等+同位语从句,上述结构中常用的名词有：suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,request等。,Itisbetterthathe(should)setoffatonce.Itisimportantthateverybody(should)betoldallthefacts.,2.Itis(was)+上述动词的过去分词+that主语从句,3.Itis(was)+important/necessary/better/strange/surprising/natural/possible/apity/nowonder+that主语从句,Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.Itisrequestedthatshe(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.,Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)befirsttogo.Hisonlyrequestisthatyou(should)givehimmoretime.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?,1.Iinsistthatadoctor_immediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor2.Itissuggestedthatthejob_doneinanotherway.A.wasB.wastobeC.beD.mustbe3.Hehadanideathatwe_bybike.A.shallgoB.goC.wentD.wouldgo4.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting_offtilltomorrow.A.toputB.beputC.shouldputD.beputting,5.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.does;wouldbeset6.Itisnecessarythatyou_presentatthediscussion.A.willbeB.areC.shouldbeD.wouldbe7.Thebossgaveordersthatthework_atonce.A.willbestartedB.mustbestartedC.bestartedD.shouldstart8.Theguardthereinsistedthateverybody_therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey,3、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；,1）wish+宾语从句,现在：过去：未来：,过去时(did/were),过去完成时(haddone),would/could/might+V.should,IwishIwereabird.(现在)IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.(过去)Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.(未来),2）wouldratherthat-,现在：过去：未来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在),Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去),Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来),过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3）asif/though+从句,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,Helooksasifheweredrunk.,Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,4).Itshightime+that-,should+V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该睡觉了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,Itistime还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：,Itistime(forsb.)todosth.Itisthefirsttimethat(从句用陈述语气的现在完成时),Itsthefirsttime(that)Ihavehelpedmymotherdothehousework.,1.Itishightimeyou_thebus.A.hadcaughtB.caughtC.willcatchD.catch2.Itsabouttimehe_todothework.A.beginsB.willbeginC.beginD.began3.Itshightimethatwe_toschool.A.wouldgoB.wentC.goD.willgo4.Itistimewe_upourresults.A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum,5）without和butfor构成虚拟。(butfor要不是),Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.,6）Ifonly(要是就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!,8）Itsnecessary/strange/natural/importantapity+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形,1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,1.IwishI_youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken3.Idratherthatyou_thereyesterdayand_againnextweekend.A.went;shouldcomeB.shouldgo;hadcomeC.hadgone;cameD.go;come4.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen5.Iblamedheryesterday.Iwouldratheryou_that.A.didntdoB.hadntdoneC.wouldntdoD.shouldntdo6.Heisaverybraveman.Yes.IwishI_hiscourage.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave,三、虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,youwouldntbeinthehospital.,（一）、含蓄条件句含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词如:without,butfor,otherwise,suppose(supposing)等来判断动词形式。,1)Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.,3)Suppose(supposing)yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere,whatwouldtheythink?,2)Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.,用otherwise(or,orelse),though(although)等表示与上下文所指的情况不同,从而引出虚拟语气.4)Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.5)Einsteinhadlittleconcernformoney,though(although)hecouldhavebeenaveryrichman.,1.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_somethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid,Withoutelectricity=Iftherewerenoelectricity,注意主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气:时间错综句(这时虚拟句谓语动词的形式应根据具体时间加以调整)例如:,（二）、时间错综句,Ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday,youwouldbetirednow.,1.Iftheflowerhadbeenwatered,it_now.A.wouldntdieB.isdeadC.hadbeendeadD.willnotdie2.Ifhistelevisionsethadnotbeenstolenyesterday,he_TVnow.A.wouldwatchB.wouldhavewatch