选修七第一单元语法：动词不定式

Grammar：TheInfinitive动词不定式,Martysays,2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.,3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.,HaveALk,Unfortunately,thedoctorsdontknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.,4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.,5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered.,6.MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.,Martysays,Martysays,7.LastyearIinventedandabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.,8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.,9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.,动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式。由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾补，但不能单独作谓语。,动词不定式,结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo,二.时态与语态,不定式,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,-,-,(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.,(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续),1.作主语,2.作表语,4.作宾语补足语,3.作宾语,5.作定语,6.作状语,7.作插入语,三、用法,Toseeistobelieve.ItsimportanttolearnEnglishwell.,1.主语,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.,Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.,is,is,2.表语,Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.,3宾语,think/consider/findit+adj.+todo,常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want,agree,afford,attempt,choose,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,fail,expect,get,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish。,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等,+sbtodosth,4.宾补,五看,watch,see,lookat,observe,notice,(1.)使役动词：三使,let,make,have,二听,listento,hear,一感觉:,feel,(2.)感官动词,e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.,Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).,注意,(2)help后面的“to”可省去,e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.,(1)在使役动词let,make,have和感官动词feel;hear,listento;watch,see,notice,lookat,observe等后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省“to”（注:被动语态不能省to）,(3)不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的任何一种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Youhavenochoicebuttogo.Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep?,Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.,5.定语,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),请给我一支写字的笔.,Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.,Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.,(1)表示目的:toinordertosoasto,6作状语,Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.,Icameheretoseeyou.,(2)表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,right,wrong,rude,cruel,disappointed等。,eg:Imglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.,so+adj./adv.+astodosuch+adj.+n.+astodoadj./adv.+enough+todo,Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.,(3)结果状语:,注意:不定式往往表示与主观愿望相反的结果。,Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.,7.插入语,tobefrank,tobehonest,Tobeginwith,Totellthetruth,Idontagreewithyou.,类似的结构,疑问词who,which,when,how,what等与不定式连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,Hedidntknowwhattosay.(宾语)他不知道说什么。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)我的问题是什么时候开始。,四、疑问词+不定式,注意：,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,A:Wouldyouliketogowithme?B:Idliketo.,(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.,A:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?B:Idliketobe.,exercise,Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentenceneeds_oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered_thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being,B,D,C,4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.HavingsleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Tosleep6.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff,B,D,C,7.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygood_.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy,B,A,9.-Didyougetajob?-No,I_,butitsnouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforus_theworkaheadoftime.tobefinishedB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tofinish11.-IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.-Whynot_therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo,B,D,B,12._aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetod