过去分词用法详解

,PastParticiple,(Revision),I.基本形式和意义,动词的-ed形式，即传统语法所指的“过去分词”。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的-ed形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的-ed形式和宾语或状语一起构成-ed分词短语.动词-ed形式的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。,Theyfoundadamagedcaratthegateofthepark.(2)Iboughtsomepaintedchairs.(3)Helivesinthehousebuiltbyhisfather.(4)HaveyoureadthisbookwrittenbyLuXun？,1.单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。,(1)Heisoneofthoseinvited.(2)Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.(3)Hewantedtointerviewsomeonerelatedtothematter.,2.过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。,abrokenheartalostdogarisensunanorganizedtripabrokenglass,一颗破碎的心,丧家之犬,已升起的太阳,一次有组织的旅行,一个破玻璃杯,Practice:pleaseanalyzethefunctionsofthepastparticiples,在既定的时间内,用所给的单词,被通缉的人,被聘工人,关切的神情,有关人士,boilingwater=waterthatisboiling,boiledwater=waterthathasboiled,正在沸腾的水,已经沸腾过的水,pollutedwaterprintedarticles,已经被污染的水,已经被打印的文章,4.现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示一个已完成的动作；只有及物动词的过去分词才表示一个完成且被动的动作。,退休工人,逃犯,归国留学生,Comparethefollowings:,(正在变化的)(变化了的),(正在凋谢的)(已经凋谢了的),(发展的)(发达的),(正在飘落的)(已经飘落了的),e.g.Ihavemuchworktodo.Thebuildingtobefinishedattheendofthisyearwillbeourlabbuilding.Thebirdsinginginthetreeisverybeautiful.Didyouseetheboybeingquestionedbythepolice?,5.todotobedonedoingbeingdone,表示一个将来的动作,表示一个正在进行的被动动作,表示一个将来的被动动作,表示一个正在进行的主动动作,Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.Thehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop.,(主动、进行）,(被动、进行),(被动、完成）,Exercises,1.Therepairscostalot,butitsmoneywell.（05HB）A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending2.Theprizeofthegameshowis30,000andanallexpenses_vacationtoChina.(05BJ)A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid3.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(04SH)A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded4.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningcompany,_as3M.(04ZJ)A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown,B,B,A,B,1.-ing作表语与-ed作表语的区别,Conclusion:现在分词表示主动的意义，常指事物；过去分词表示被动的意义，常指人。,Fillintheblankswiththerightform.1.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas_(bore)andlonely.2.Jacklookedevenmore_(amaze)thanhefelt.3.Theresultswerevery_(disappoint).4.Iwasthankedbythe_(satisfy)customer.,amazed,bored,disappointing,satisfied,Thewindowisbroken.Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.,Conclusion:be+过去分词，如果表示动作的完成和状态是系表结构，此时它相当于一个形容词；如果表示被动的动作是被动语态，此时主语为动作的承受者,后常跟by短语。,2.过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别,Compare:,（1）完全形容词化了的动词-ed形式：可以被very等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有常见的有：bored,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。,（2）有的动词-ed形式可以被副词well修饰，如：built,cooked,done,dressed,known,prepared,written等。,（3）其它副词也可以修饰动词-ed形式，如：deeplymoved,highlydeveloped,heavily-populated等。,3.注意事项,4.动词-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及that引导的宾语从句。,e.g.:Heisverymuchdisappointedattheresult.Themotherwaspleasedtohearfromherson.Imsatisfiedthatyoudidnttellmealie.,1.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot_frommyfriends.(03NMET)A.separatedB.sparedClostD.missed2.Idontknowtherestaurant，butitis_tobequiteagoodone.(03NMET)A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked3.Theyoungmanseemstobe_inlawA.interestingB.interestedC.interestD.beinginterested4.Haveyoureadthenewsintodaysnewspaper？Thisnewssounds_.(00NMET）A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage5.-Shallwegoswimming?-OK.Illjustgoandget_.A.changedB.tochangeC.tobechangedD.changing,Exercises:,A,A,B,A,A,StepusedasObjectComplement,及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示一个完成且被动的动作;不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表示动作的完成和状态。Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.,2.现在分词作宾补表示一个主动或正在进行的动作;现在分词的被动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的被动动作。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Isawthechildbeingbeatenbyhisfather.,Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.Withalltheworkfinished,hewentback.,（1）让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做（2）遭受某种损失或某种不愿要的结果,1.havesthdone,Yesterdayshehadherwalletstolen.Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident.,2.介词with宾语过去分词,Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.Ihavehadmybikerepaired.,Exercises:,1.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.(05Tianjin）A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained2.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.(04NMET)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makeherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard3.Ifyouwant_immediately,youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance.A.thattheworkbedoneB.theworkdoneC.tohavedonethejobD.thejobthatisdone,D,D,B,4.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.(NMET2003)A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked5.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(1999NMET)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout,B,C,1.作时间状语,Toldofhismothersaccident,Jackphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveadifferentwordorder.Whenaskedtospeak,hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice.,2.作原因状语,Caughtintherain,hehadafever.,InspiredbyOprahWinfery,shebecameconfident.,StepusedasAdverbial,3.作条件状语,Givenmoretime,Illbeabletodoitbetter.Cleared,thissitewouldbeveryvaluable.Thehousewilllookbiggerifpaintedwhite.Shewillgladlycometoyourhouseifinvited.,4.作让步状语,Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonwalking.Evenifgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnotsucceed.,5.作方式状语,Iamreturningyourletterasrequested.Hewaswalkingsadlyasifinjured.,6.作伴随状语,Marycameoutoftheroom,followedbyherdog.Acrowdrushedin,armedwithsticks.,Seenfromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.Seeingfromthehill,wecanseeourbeautifulschool.,3.Havingstudiedhard,hesucceededinpassingthefinalexam.4.HavingbeentoldtostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturntohisvillage.,Conclusion:1.过去分词和现在分词逻辑上的主语都为句子主语，但是过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系。2.现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可表示“完成”和“被动”,但前者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作;而后者的时间性不强。,7.动词的ed形式与-ing形式作状语的区别：,doinghavingdonedonehavingbeendone,与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生,与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生,与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生,Exercises:,1._intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.(05SH)A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput2._inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.（05HN）A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed3._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.（05JS）A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing4.When_help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“Itskindofyou.”(05FJ)A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered,5.Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(04NMET)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced6._withthesizeofthewholeearth,