William_Faulkner福克纳

WILLIAMFAULKNER(1897-1962),Tolearnthepleasureofsnobberymaleandretaliationfemale.懂得势利的乐趣的，是男人；懂得报复的乐趣的，是女人。,Generalinformation,Oneofthemostinfluentialwritersofthe20thcentury,hisreputationisbasedonhisnovels,novellasandshortstories.However,hewasalsoapublishedpoetandanoccasionalscreenwriter.MostofFaulknersworksaresetinhisnativestateofMississippi,andheisconsideredoneofthemostimportantSouthernwriters,alongwithMarkTwain,RobertPennWarren,FlanneryOConnor,TrumanCapote,EudoraWelty,andTennesseeWilliams.,WilliamFaulknersLife,Family:theold,whiteupperclassTheBritishRoyalFlyingCorps,1918TheUniversityofMississippi,1919-20NewOrleans,1925:Freudspsychology,JamesJoycesvanguardfiction,SherwoodAndersonsinfluence.PublicationofthefirstnovelSoldiersPay,1926BrieftourinEurope:JamesJoyce,modernpainting.ReturnedtoMississippi,1926Aperiodofamazingliteraryoutput:TheSoundandtheFury,1929;AsILayDying,1930,WilliamFaulknersLife,PraisefromJean-PaulSartre,MalcolmCowleyNobelPrizeforliterature,1950:becausehecreatedasymbolicpictureoftheremotepast“toretelltherecurrentstoryofhumandreams,braveryanddefeat,tomakeastatementaboutthepastandusethestatementtotalkaboutmanslotinhisworld.”Late1940sandthe1950s:lecturetours,publicreading,conferences.1957-58:writer-in-residenceattheUniversityofVirginia.Death,1962,Hismajorworks：,TheMirbleFaun（1924）avolumeofpoetrySoldiersPay（1926）firstnovelSartoris（l929）,seeandfeelthedignityandsorrowofwhatwastobecomehismostfrequentlyusedsubjectmatterTheSoundandtheFuryAsILayDying（l930）LightinAugust（l932）Absalom，Absalom（1936）GoDown,Moses（1942）Faulknerreceivedthe1949NobelPrizeforLiteratureforhispowerfulandartisticallyuniquecontributiontothemodernAmericannovel.,YoknapatawphaCountyasthesetting：,MostofFaulknesworksaresetintheAmericanSouth:animaginaryplacebasedonFaulknerschildhoodmemoryaboutthetownofOxfordinhisnativeLafayetteCounty.,YoknapatawphaKingdom,Withhisrichimagination,Faulknerturnedtheland,thepeopleandthehistoryoftheregionintoaliterarycreationandamythicalkingdom.CreatedYoknapatawphaCounty,modeledafterOxford,Miss.TheYoknapatawphastoriesdeal,generally,withthehistoricalperiodfromtheCivilWaruptothe1920swhentheFirstWorldWarbrokeout,andpeopleofstratified(分层次)society,thearistocrats,thenewrich,thepoorwhite,andtheblacks.Asaresult,YoknapatawphaCountyhasbecomeanallegoryoraparableoftheOldSouth,withwhichFaulknerhasmanagedsuccessfullytoshowapanoramaoftheexperienceandconsciousnessofthewholeSouthernsociety.,“约克纳帕塔法世系”,这个“世系”以美国南方几个庄园主世家的荣辱兴衰为主线，表现了一个世纪以来美国南方社会的历史命运、社会变迁以及各阶层人物的起伏沉浮，写出了美国南方地区的典型特征，具有浓厚的乡土气息。,福克纳手绘“约克纳帕塔法县地图”,MajorThemesofhisWorks,1.HistoryandraceHeexplainsthepresentbyexaminingthepast,bytellingthestoriesofseveralgenerationsoffamilytoshowhowhistorychangeslife.Hewasinterestedintherelationshipbetweenblacksandwhites,especiallyconcernedabouttheproblemsofthepeoplewhowereofthemixedraceofblackandwhite,unacceptabletobothraces.,MajorThemesofhisWorks,2.Deterioration3.Conflictsbetweengenerations,classes,races,manandenvironment4.Horror,violenceandtheabnormal,Pointofview,Faulknergenerallyshowsagrimpictureofhumansocietywhereviolenceandcrueltyarefrequentlyincluded,buthislaterworksshowedmoreoptimism.Hisintentionwastoshowtheevil,harsheventsincontrasttosucheternalvirtuesaslove,honour,pity,compassion,self-sacrifice,andtherebyexposethefaultsofsociety.Hefeltthatitwasawritersdutytoremindhisreadersconstantlyoftruevaluesandvirtues.,FeaturesofHisWorks,plexplot2.streamofconsciousness3.characterization:hewasabletoprobeintothepsychologyofcharacters4.violationofchronology5.courtroomrhetoric:formallanguage6.characterization:hewasabletoprobeintothepsychologyofcharacters7.multiplepointofview,circularform,FeaturesofHisWorks,“虽然福克纳的世界观从本质上说是传统保守的，他在形式与技巧上的创新都是令人兴奋的。他大胆和不倦地探索，而且在绝大多数的情况下都取得了成功。多样性与丰富性是他的特点。他是一个有独创性的人。在美国文学中能和他比肩的还没有第二个人。他在圣徒行列中的地位是稳固的。”,Inventionandexperimentationinformandnarrativetechnique,Amanwithgreatmightofinventionandexperimentation.Novelasanartform;evolvedhisownliterarystrategies.Primaryduty:exploreandrepresenttheinfinitepossibilitiesinherentinhumanlife.Writershouldobservewithnojudgmentwhatsoeverandreduceauthorialintrusiontothelowestminimum.,Narrativetechniques,Neverstepbetweenthecharactersandthereadertoexplain,butletthecharactersexplainthemselvesandhinderaslittleaspossiblethereadersdirectexperienceoftheworkofart.Themostcharacteristicwayofstructuringhisstoriesistofragmentthechronologicaltime.Juxtaposethepastwiththepresent.,Narrativetechniques,Stream-of-consciousnesstechnique:toemphasizethereactionsandinnermusingsofthenarrator.Theinteriormonologue:toexplorethenatureofhumanconsciousnessPresentingmultiplepointsofview,gavethestoryacircularform,oneeventiscentered,withvariouspointsofviewradiatingfromit,ordifferentpeoplerespondingtothesamestory.Symbolismandmythologicalandbiblicalallusion,Style,Createdanimaginaryplace,theYoknapatawphaCountyFrequentlyusingthefracturingoftimeLongandembeddedsentences,complexsyntaxVaguereferencepronounsAvarietyof“registers”oftheEnglishlanguageSyntacticalstructuresandverbalsparalleled,negativesbalancedagainstpositives,Style,Compoundedadjectivesswellinghissentences,ComplexmodifyingelementsplacedafterthenounsSoundverycasualorinformalsometimesCapturingthedialectsoftheMississippicharacters,includingNegroesandtheredneck,aswellasmorerefinedandeducatednarratorslikeQuentin.Symbolsandimageriesdrawnfromnature,Achievements,Winnerofthe1950NobelPrizeANationalBookAward(posthumously)forhisCollectedStoriesAwardedtheHowellsMedal,twoPulitzerPrize,aSilverMedaloftheAthensAcademyRegardedasanimportantinterpreteroftheuniversalthemeoftheproble