高一英语学案Unit21-Unit22(B1)新课标 人教版

高一英语学案Unit21-Unit22(B1)【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1manage 的用法小结：（1）经常用作及物动词，意思是“管理；处理； 支配”。常接名词作宾语。例如：He managed the supermarket when the owner was away.当主人不在的时候，他管理这个超级市场。She doesnt know how to manage her children.她不知道如何管理自己的孩子。（2）表示“能应付，设法做成某件事”时，常用“manage to do sth.”结构，而且常用一般过去时态。例如：The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time.这位飞行员设法绕气球飞了一阵。At first, no ready technical data were available, but we managed to go without.起初,我们没有现成的技术资料,但也设法照样干下去了。He managed to avoid an accident. 他设法避免了一场事故。（3）manage to do sth. 与try to do sth.的区别：前者强调设法完成了某件事情，表示结果等于词组“succeed in doing sth.”；而后者强调尽力去做某件事情，表示动作;相当于“do ones best to do sth”。例如：We managed to get there on time.我们设法按时到达了那里。（结果是按时到达了。）We tried to get there on time.我们尽力想按时到达那里。（不知是否成功。）2 ahead的用法小结：（1）作为副词使用，ahead表示“在前；向前；提前”的意思。例如：Walk straight ahead until you reach the river. 一直朝前走到河边。The road ahead was full of cattle. 前面的路上挤满了牛群。（2）“ahead of”的意思是“在之前，超过”。例如：Our company is ahead of other makers of spare parts for the airplane.我们公司制造飞机零部件比别家的业绩好。He is ahead of his times in his ideas. 他的思想走在时代的前列。（3）get ahead表示“前进，成功，发迹”。例如：He got ahead in his study.他在学习方面成功了。（4）go ahead表示“前进，干吧，用吧”。例如：-May I borrow your bike?-Yes, go ahead.二、词义辨析1match, suit与fit的区别：这三个词都有“适合、匹配”的意思。（1）match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。例如：They are equally matched in their knowledge of Chinese.他们在中文的造诣上相等。This hotel cant be matched for friendliness.（引申意义）这家旅馆良好的服务态度是无与伦比的。（2）suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。例如：Thatll suit me fine. 那对我太合适了。No dish suits all tastes. 众口难调。（3）fit多指尺寸、形状合适，引申为“吻合、协调”。例如：Her new coat didnt fit, so she took them back to the shop and changed them for another one.她那件上衣不合穿,所以她去商店换了一件。Your trousers fit well. 你的裤子很合身。The shoes dont fit him, they are too small.这双鞋子他穿不合脚，太小了。2unlike与dislike、like的区别：（1）unlike可以作介词和形容词，意思是“不相似的、不同的”。例如：She is unlike her mother; she is tall and her mother is very short.她不像她妈妈；她很高，而她妈妈很矮。They gave unlike accounts of the incident.他们对这件事情的描述各不相同。（2）dislike可以用作动词和名词，但不能用作介词，是“不喜爱、厌恶”的意思。例如：Some people dislike big cities.（作动词）有些人不喜欢大城市。She strongly disliked being spoken to like that.（作动词）她很不喜欢别人对她这样说话。I felt a strong dislike of the new teacher.（作名词）我感到很不喜欢这个新教员。（3）dislike与like不同。后接动词时，dislike习惯上只接动词-ing形式，不能接动词不定式，特别在英国英语中更是如此。例如：I dislike having to get up so early.我不喜欢那么早起床。三、重点句型1There are also differences as to how often we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet and part.注意此句中how引导的几个并列结构；另外，名词difference的复数形式表示具体的不同点，如果difference表示“不同”这个概念，则是不可数名词，无复数形式。2And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.“There is nothing better than to do”此处表示“没有比更好的了”。例如：There is nothing better than to sit in a pub drinking.没有比坐在酒吧里喝酒更好的事了。3Words a are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.此句中用了几个并列的谓语动词，要注意英语并列成分的规则：除了最后一个并列成分之前用一个并列连词以外，前面的并列成分都可以用逗号隔开。再如：While they were walking, they were talking, laughing and playing games. （并列的-ing形式）Note: 要注意并列的成分的前后一致性，这是单项填空的常考题型。四、语法复习(一) 动词的-ng形式作主语、宾语和表语：1）动词的-ing形式作主语时，常表示概括性的或者一般性的行为。例如：FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth. 南方与北方开战了。Losing her new bicycle made her so upset.她的新自行车丢了，搞得她心烦意乱。2）动词的-ing形式作宾语时，既可以作动词的宾语，又可以作介词的宾语。 某些动词或者动词短语后常接动词-ing形式作宾语。例如：Wouldyoumindturningonyourradio,please? I want to hear the hours news.请你打开收音机好吗？我想听听本时的新闻。Thesparrowwasso luckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.那只麻雀真幸运，它刚好没有被射中。3）动词的-ing形式可以作表语，表示“什么事是某事”。例如：Herjobiswashing，cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗衣服、打扫卫生和看小孩。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。（二）动词的-ing形式作状语：动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一定是句子的主语，动词的-ing形式可以表示时间、条件、原因、方式或者伴随等情况，v-ing与句子的主语构成主动关系。例如：AsIdidntreceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。Ifmoreattentionwasgiven to them,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果多多护理的话，这些树本来能够长得更好的。Givenmoreattention，thetreescouldhavegrownbetter. 假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。Many people come to the theme parks, looking for thrills and entertainment.许多人来到主题公园寻求刺激和娱乐。（三）动词的-ing形式作定语：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常位于被修饰的词前；-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰的词后。例如：Wecanseetherisingsun.我们可以看到从东方升起的太阳Heisaretiredworker.他是位退休的工人Therewasagirlsittingthere.有个女孩坐在那里。Thisisthequestiongiven.这是所给的问题（个别分词如given,left等，尽管是单个的，但常放在被修饰的词后面）Thereisnothinginteresting.没有有趣的东西（修饰不定代词的词，常放在被修饰的词后）（四）动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语：-ing形式作宾语补足语时，通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，表示一个主动的动作正在进行。值得注意的是：过去分词也可以作宾语补足语，但它们一般表示被动和完成。例如：The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.那些孩子在失踪之前，人们曾经看见他们在河边玩耍。Hefoundhis radiomissing.他发现他的收音机不见了。 Illhavemywatchrepaired.我想把我的手表修一下。【考点透视 考例精析】考点 考查while表示“尽管但是”的意思。考例1 _ model business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.AWhile BSince CAs Df解析 本题的题意为“尽管模特行业根本不容易进入， 但好模特总是紧缺”。此处只有while可以表达这个意思。拓展 while除引导时间状语从句以外，还可以引导表示转折、对比的句子。例如：I am a worker, while he is a student. 我是个工人，而他是个学生。（while引导句子表转折）While I have many visitors every day, the one I have been expecting hasnt appeared yet. 尽管我每天都有很多来访者，我一直盼望的人至今还没有出现。 （while表示“尽管”的意思。）考点 考查非谓语动词在具体语境中的理解。考例2 _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.AHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSuffer解析 非谓语动词在不同语境中，时态、含义都有不同。本句的含义为“河流已经遭受如此严重的污染，现在清理也许太迟了。”谓语动词的动作发生在having suffered之后，所以用的是动词-ing形式的完成式。【基础演练】一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。1It was extremely dangerous, but he m_ to avoid the accident.2The idea of working for state-owned enterprises has little a_ to young people nowadays.3You should have come to the party last night. What p_ you from joining us?4You didnt really see it it was just your i_.5Lets d_ ourselves into several groups.6Dont say nonsense! I want a _(具体的) answer.7The nation wants peace; only a _(少数) want the war to continue.8 _(教育) is given to children by the government.9Can you tell me for what the church will use the money it gets from_(收集，募捐)?10He held the boy _(牢固地) in his arms and cried.二、单项填空：1China Daily is _ a newspaper, it can also help us to improve our English.Aless than Bmore than Cnot more than Dno more than2_ is very important.A Solve the problem BHow to solve the problemCHow to be solved the problem DWhat to deal with the problem3He didnt move _ the music went on, but got up _ it ended.Awhen, while Bwhile, when Cwhile, while Dwhen, when4The athletes stood, _ their national flag _.Aseeing, raising Bwatching, raisingClooked at, rising Dseeing, rising5Jack spent as much time as he _ over his lessons.A. could going B. went C. could go D. would going6I meant _ you, but I was too busy.Ato have called at Bcalling onCto call on Dto have called on7. I am often told that too much work and too little rest often _ illness.A. leads to B. leads on C. leads into D. leads off8Every summer is the summit period(高峰期) during which university students _ jobs, and the talents-exchange(人才交流) market will accordingly prosper(繁荣).A. find B. hunt C. look for D. hunt for9Some passengers told the reporters about their _ in the burning train.A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences10Chinas genetic engineering(基因工程) industry _ in the late 1980s, two decades after some other countries.A. set off B. set in C. set to D. set back【能力拓展】完形填空：I would like to suggest that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening all television broadcasting in the United states be forbidden by law.Let us take a 1 , reasonable look at what the results might be if such a(an) 2 were accepted: families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of TV, they might 3 together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our 4 -everything in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of 5 illnessare caused at least in part by 6 to communicate. By using the quiet family hour to 7 our problems, we might get to know each other better, and to like each other better.On evening when such talk is 8 , families could discover more active pastimes(消遣，娱乐). Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a 9 together to watch the sunset 10 they might take a walk together. 11 free time and no TV, children and adults might discover reading. There is more entertainment in 12 than in a TV program. 13 report that the generation growing up with television can hardly write an English sentence, 14 at the college level. 15 is often learned from reading. A more literate new generation could be a product of the quiet hour.A different 16 of reading might also be done as it was in the past: reading aloud. The quiet hour could become the story hour. When the 17 ends, the TV net works might be forced to 18 with better shows in order to get us back from our newly discovered activities.At first glance, this idea seems radical(激进的). How will we spend the time then? The fact is: it has been only twenty-five years 19 television came to control American free time. Those of us thirty-five and older can 20 childhoods without television. It wasnt that difficult.1Avaluable Bpleasant Cquick Dserious2 Aadvice Bsuggestion Copinion Doffer3Aget around Bstand still Cmeet Dsit around4 Aproblems B trouble Caffairs Dmisfortune5 A physical Bcommon Cmental Dfamiliar6Aattempt Bfailure Cability Dpermission7Adiscuss Btalk Cmake sure Dsee to8 Aimpossible B unnecessary Cfunny Dunpleasant9Awalk B look Cride Drest10Aand B or Cbut Dwhile11AAt B In CFor DWith12Aa fine poem Ba good book Ca quiet hour Da composition13AProfessors B Scientists C Parents DEducators14Ayet Bstill Ceven Djust15AWriting BSkill CSpeaking DListening16Aform B kind Cmethod Dstep17Areading Bquiet hour Cactivity Dprogram18