2020届高三英语一轮复习必备精品：SB3unit1-16专题一

2020;2020届高三英语一轮复习必备精品SB3 (unit1unit16)专题一：重点单词高考解读2020;2020高考命题趋向分析：【高考导航】1.blame是个重点单词词，意思为“责备，责怪”，考查重点是它的相关短语“sb be to blame”意思为某人应受责备，考查应用主动还是被动，其中全国卷，上海卷和06福建卷.安徽卷对它进行过考查。相信2020;2020 年的高考中还会有所考察的。考生应重视这个单词2distinguish是个及物动词，意思为区分，辨别。主要考点为它与tell，differ的区别。即distinguish between A and B 或distinguish A from B 辨别A和B，tell the difference between A and B 或tell A from B辨别A和B，differ from sb on/about sth 就某事和某人意见不同这几个短语区别。2020;2020年有可能出现以上考点3reward 为重点单词，意思为：（1）v 给某人报酬，奖赏某人（2）n 报答，报酬，奖赏。主要考点是它与award，prize的区别。awards 是指由政府或社团组织给予的奖励.prizes指对各种竞赛的获胜者给予的奖励。上海春季高考对它进行过考查。2020;2020年，考生要特别注意三个单词的区别4account为重点单词，意思为1）n 帐目，帐号，叙述（2）vt 看做，视为。考查重点是作为名词的意思及相关短语，如：on account of 由于，因为，account for 作为.对某事的解释，take sth into account 把.考虑在内。2020;2020年，考生应重点把握这些短语5. stick为重点单词。意思为v 刺，扎入，伸出，张贴。.考查重点是stick to和 insist on的区别。stick to“坚持”，to是介词，后多加名词，如decision, plan等；insist on “坚持”,on是介词，后多可加动名词，也可加名词或代词。04湖北卷对stick to进行了考查6.eager的意思为热心的,热切的，渴望的,急切的。考点主要是eager和anxious的区别。eager强调渴望的，热切的，anxious强调焦急的，急切的。2020;2020年学生应重视它们的不同，重点把握【真题品析】（09湖北卷）Some parents are just too protective. They want to their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish【答案】C 考查动词辨析【点拨】把握动词词义 A 发现 B 离开 C庇护 D 区别，辨别。根据句意“有些父母对孩子过于的保护，他们想保护孩子免受各种各样的危险的伤害，不管危险是真实的还是想象的”选出C（08湖北卷）As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only _.A. occasionallyB. anxiously C. practicallyD. urgently【答案】A 考查副词的区别【点拨】 掌握副词的词义区别 A 偶尔地 B 焦急地 C实际地 D 紧急地（06安徽）Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one Ablamed Bblaming Cto blame Dto be blamed【答案】C 考查固定短语sb be to blame【点拨】把握固定短语中的主动与被动语态（06福建）._for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.A.Blaming B.BlamedC.To blame D.To be blamed【答案】B 考查主被动语态及blame的用法【点拨】她和责备之间是被动关系故选B（上海春季）It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to_.A. reawrds B. awards C. results D.prizes【答案】A。名词词义辨析。B awards 是指由政府或社团组织给予的奖励，C为结果 D 是指对各种竞赛的获胜者给予的奖励【点拨】掌握近义词的区别。根据句意“幼儿学会做事情是因为某些行为受到奖励的结果”。选出A（上海卷）One of the consequences of our planets being warming up is a(n) in the number of natural disasters .Aresult Baccount Creason Dincrease【答案】D 考查名词的区别【点拨】把握名词的区别。A 结果 B叙述 C原因 D 增加知识网络【考点概览】重点单词：conclude account concern worthwhile resemble appoint differ reward blameannoy bargain admit stick senior suspect consult decline select nevertheless possess eager confirm concentrate evaluate praise abandon crew decade burst inspect hire tight cautious claim transform roast classify promote output diverse altogether charge react accuse associate campaign attach quit advertise loss frequent anyway acquire occupy adopt secure awful ambition conscience bacteria personally abundant abuse weep furnish rare approval anyhow simplify flash income outcome insurance allowance cater excite resign congratulate finance expand distribute donate advocate obtain suit strict comfort astonish stain convince assume cancel pretend commit beyond apparent precise adequate clarify troop guilty vital stubborn religious精讲点拨考点一 conclude【基础过关】使.结束，得出结论He concluded his talk with a funny story. 他以一个滑稽的故事结束了他的谈话。What can we conclude from the passage? 从这篇文章中，我们可以得出什么样的结论【拓展延伸】conclude/ endconclude 为文雅词，搭配为conclude sth with sth以某事结束某事end 为 普通词，搭配为 (1) end sth with sth以某事结束某事(2) end in ,以某事为结尾，后接表地点的名词（3）end up 到达某地或某种状态 ，后接动名词或形容词。The story concludes/ ends with the death of a hero.这个故事以英雄的死结束Their long struggle ended in failure.他们长期的斗争以失败而告终。If he carries on driving like that, he will end up dead.如果他继续像那样开车，他会以死亡而告终【典型例题】-Those are the facts , what do you _ from them?A. accomplish B. finish C. end D. conclude【答案】D 考查动词词义辨析。A.实现，完成 B 完成 C 结束 D 得出结论【点拨】掌握动词词义区别根据句意选择考点二 account【基础过关】（1）n 帐目，帐号，叙述Keep account of your daily activities.记录下的日常活动。You should keep the password of your account in mind.你应该记住你的帐号的密码（2）vt 看做，视为In English law, a man is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty.在英国的法律中，一个人在被证明有罪之前，被看做是清白的【拓展延伸】on account of 由于，因为account for 作为.对某事的解释，解释某事物的原因。take sth into account 把.考虑在内We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.由于糟糕的天气，我们的出发被耽搁了。You should account for your bad behavior in public.你应该解释一下你在公众场合的恶劣的行为You should take the expenses into account. 你应该把费用考虑进去。【典型例题】He cant pass the exam _ his laziness.A. on accounts of B. on behalf of C. on account of D.in favor of【答案】C。考查介词短语辨析。A 本身是错的 B 代表 C由于 D 支持【点拨】掌握介词短语的区别。根据意思排除考点三 concern【基础过关】（1） vt使担心;使不安；关心The boys poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑He was very concerned about her. 他对她非常关心。（2） n 担心,挂念;关怀Andrew expressed his concern. 安德鲁表示了他的关切【拓展延伸】（1）concerned/ concerningconcerned adj 担心的，烦恼的，构成短语 be concerned about 担心，挂念She is concerned about your safety. 她担心你的安全concerning为介词，意思为“关于”Theyve received a letter concerning environmental protection.他们受到了一封有关环保的信（3） phrases:be concerned with关于，与有关as far as sb is concerned 就某人看来His new book is concerned with Africa. 他的新书是关于非洲的。As far as Im concerned, your demand is not reasonable.就我看来，你的要求不合理【典型例题】He talked to me like a _ older brother.A.concern B.concerned C. concerning D.being concerned【答案】B。考查concerned与concerning的区别【点拨】把握区别。根据句意“他跟我谈话时，就像一个关心我的大哥哥一样”选出B。考点四worthwhile【基础过关】值得的，值得花时间，精力的The book is worthwhile one.这本书很值的读It is worthwhile to make an effort. 付出努力是值得的【拓展延伸】worthwhile/ worth/worthyworthwhile 可作定语，也可以作表语，构成“its worthwhile doing/ to do”做某事是值得的worth只可作表语后只可加doing 不可加to do或being done,用主动表被动worthy “值得的”，作表语,构成 be worthy of being done 和 be worthy to be doneIt is worthwhile reading/to read the novelThe novel is worth readingThe novel is worthy to be read./ of being read.这本小说值得一读。【典型例题】It was _ the trouble to settle the problem.A. worth to take B. worthwhile taking C. worthy of being taken D. worth taking【答案】B 考查worthwhile, worth, worthy 的区别【点拨】掌握worthwhile, worth, worthy 的区别根据句意“费力解决这个问题是值得的”考点五resemble【基础过关】V 与.相似，像. 无被动和进行时态She was not beautiful; she did not resemble her mother.她不漂亮;她不像她的母亲【拓展延伸】resemble/ similar/like/ alikeresemble 是动词similar是形容词，“相似的，类似的”构成短语“be similar to”like 作为“像一样”时，是介词alike 是形容词，相似，相同，相似They are similar to each other in the taste of music.他们的音乐品味是相似的Ive always wanted a garden like theirs.我一直想要像他们那样的房子。The climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike.这儿的气候总是很热，夏天和冬天相似【典型例题】Whoever meets the little boy thinks he _ his sister in looks.A. resembles B. alike C.like D. similar【答案】A.考查resemble/ similar/like/ alike的区别【点拨】分析句子结构可知此处需要一个动词，故选A.考点六distinguish【基础过关】V 区别，辨别I can distinguish my roommates by their footsteps.我能根据室友的脚步声辨认出他们【拓展延伸】distinguish/ tell/differdistinguish 构成短语distinguish between A and B 或distinguish A from B 辨别A和Btell 辨别，区别 构成短语 tell the difference between A and B 或tell A from B辨别A和Bdiffer 不同 ，区别构成短语 differ from sb on/about sth 就某事和某人意见不同The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish/ tell one from the other.这对双胞胎如此相似以至于没人能辨别他们。Im sorry to differ with you on that.很抱歉在那一点上我和你意见不同【典型例题】People who cant _ between colours are said to be colourblind.A. differ B. distinguish C. judge D. separate【答案】B。动词词义辨析。句意“不能辨别颜色的人被认为是色盲”【点拨】掌握动词词义 A differ与from 搭配 C 为判断 D 分离，分开考点七 appoint【基础过关】(1) 任命，委派They appointed him (to be) manager.他们任命他为经理（2）确定或约定，指定Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了【拓展延伸】Phrases：appoint sb as/ to be 任命某人为appoint sth for sth 为约定make/ fix an appointment with sb 与某人约会He appointed Jack as his agency in the city of York.他任命杰克作为他在约克市的代理人Lets appoint time for the meeting.让我们为这次会议约定个时间吧He makes appointment with his girlfriend under the tree.他和他的女朋友在这棵树底下约会【典型例题】The time _ for the meeting was 9:30.A. appointing B. appointment C. appointed D. to appoint【答案】C。考查动词的语态【点拨】时间和约定之间是被动关系故选C。考点八 reward【基础过关】（1）v 给某人报酬，奖赏某人Winners will be rewarded a trip to England.优胜者将获得去英国旅游的奖赏（2）n 报答，报酬，奖赏A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.巨额悬赏捉拿这些罪犯【拓展延伸】reward/ award/prizereward既可作动词，也可以作名词。“给某人报酬，报答，报酬”构成短语reward sb for sth 因某事而奖赏某人award 既可作动词，也可以作名词, 颁发，授予，奖品，奖状 构成短语award sb sth 颁发给某人某物。是指由政府或社团组织给予的奖励prize 只能作名词，意思为奖金，奖赏，奖品，指对各种竞赛的获胜者给予的奖励【典型例题】It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to_.A. rewards B. awards C. results D. prizes【答案】A。名词词义辨析。B awards 是指由政府或社团组织给予的奖励，C为结果 D 是指对各种竞赛的获胜者给予的奖励【点拨】掌握近义词的区别。根据句意“幼儿学会做事情是因为某些行为受到奖励的结果”。选出A考点九 blame【基础过关】V/n 责备，责怪，指责,I dont blame you; I blame myself.我不怪你;怪我自己【拓展延伸】blame sb for sth 因某事而责备某人sb be to blame 某人应受责备blame sth on sb 埋怨某人某事He blamed you for the neglect of duty.他责备你怠忽职守You were to blame rather than Tom. 你应该受到责备而不是汤姆Dont always blame the mistakes on others.不要总是把错误归咎到别人身上【典型例题】I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B is going to blame C.is to be blamed D. should blame【答案】A 考查固定短语：sb be to blame 某人应受责备【点拨】备考时，要加强记忆和训练考点十 annoy【基础过关】V 惹恼，打扰，打搅These flies are annoying me. 这些苍蝇一直在打搅我Your behavior annoyed the teacher a lot.你的行为使老师很生气【拓展延伸】annoy/ annoyed/annoying/angryannoyed adj 恼怒的，生气的（修饰人），构成短语 be annoyed with sb at/about/for sth 因某事生某人的气annoying adj 令人感到生气的（修饰物）angry adj 生气的 构成短语 be angry with /at sb for sth 因某事生某人的气His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.他母亲因为他对邻居如此粗暴无礼而生他的气It is annoying that there is no hot water. 没热水,真伤脑筋The professor was angry at John for cheating in the exam.教授对约翰考试作弊十分气恼【典型例题】If someone_ you, let me knowA. annoyed B. annoying C. anger D. angry【答案】A 考查单词词性，此处需要动词，故选A【点拨】掌握单词词性考点十一 bargain【基础过关】(1) v 讨价还价，达成协议They bargained on a two-year term. 他们讲定以两年为期（2）n 廉价货，协议These toys are a real bargain at such low prices.这些玩具的价格这么便宜,真划得来【拓展延伸】Phrases:bargain with sb about/ over /for sth 和某人讨价还价She bargained with the boss over the price.她与老板讲价钱【典型例题】After much _, the shop owner agreed to cut down the price by 20.A. debating B. talking C. discussing D. bargain【答案】D。【点拨】考查名词词义 A. 辩论 B.交谈 C.讨论 D. 讨价还价，根据句意应选D。考点十二 admit【基础过关】V 承认 admit v (admitted; admitted) 准许进入，录取，承认You must admit the task to be difficult.你得承认这个任务是艰巨的No one but ticket-holders was admitted.只有持票者方可入内（2）容纳The theater admits 1000 people.这剧院可容纳一千人【拓展延伸】（1）be admitted to 被录取到admit doing 承认做某事He was admitted to Harvard University last year.他去年被哈弗大学录取Jack admitted breaking the windows.杰克承认打坏了玻璃（2）admit /allowadmit 作“允许”讲时，短语为“admit sb into/to” 允许某人进入allow 作“允许”讲时，短语为“allow doing 和allow sb to do” 允许做某事，允许某人做某事Open the windows to admit the fresh air in. 打开窗户让新鲜的空气进来。She allowed us to smoke. 她允许我们抽烟【典型例题】She admitted_ a story to explain the reason why she was late.A.to make up B making up C. being made up D. to have made up【答案】B. 考查admit doing sth【点拨】admit后只可以加doing考点十三 stick【基础过关】V 刺，扎入，伸出，张贴They stuck the notice on the wall. 他们把通知贴在墙上Dont stick your head out of the train window. 不要把头伸出火车窗外面【拓展延伸】stick to/ insist onstick to“坚持”，to是介词，后多加名词，如decision, plan等insist on “坚持”,on是介词，后多可加动名词，也可加名词或代词We must stick to our task till it is finished. 我们必须继续工作, 直至做好为止I insist on your taking immediate action to put this right.我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好【典型例题】(04湖北卷)Once a decision has been made, all of us should _ it.A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to【答案】B 考查动词短语辨析。 A direct 为及物动词 B 坚持 C 导致 D 谈及【点拨】掌握不同动词短语的意思，多积累，根据句意排除。考点十四 senior【基础过关】adj (1) 年长的,年纪较大的Bob is two years senior to me. 鲍伯比我大两岁(2) 高级的;前辈的His father was a senior officer at the bank.他父亲是那家银行的高级职员【拓展延伸】Senior/ junior/superior/inferiorSenior年长的, 高级的,junior 年少的，地位较低的。superior 高级的，优越的 （多指地位和职位）inferior 低级的（多指地位和职位）它们与to 连用，表示比较He is junior to me by two years. 他比我小两岁She is superior to other students in her class.她比班上其他的同学条件都优越You shouldnt always think you are inferior to others.你不能总是认为你低人一等【典型例题】She is ten years senior _ me.A. to B. than C. in D. from【答案】A .考查be senior to 的用法，比年长【点拨】牢记固定短语考点十五 consult【基础过关】(1) 查阅He consulted his notebook repeatedly during his speech.他讲演时不断看他的笔记本（2）请教，咨询，商量Ill do nothing without consulting you.我采取行动之前一定和你商量He went to town to consult his doctor. 他进城去看医生。【拓展延伸】consult sb about sth 就某事咨询某人consult with sb 和某人商量Youd better consult the doctor about your headache.你最好就你的头痛咨询一下医生I will consult with him together about her education.我将和你一起商议她的教育事宜【典型例题】If the pain continues, consult _ your doctor_ it.A. with; about B. about; with C. /; about D.about; /【答案】C 考查consult sb about sth 就某事咨询某人【点拨】掌握动词的不同用法。考点十六 suspect【基础过关】V 怀疑，不相信,猜想We suspected their honesty. 我们不相信他们是诚实的I suspect theyll come. 我想他们会来的n 嫌疑犯，可以的对象The police caught the suspect last night. 警察昨天晚上抓住了那个嫌疑犯。adj可疑的;受到怀疑的;不可信的His motives were suspect with others. 他的动机受到其他人的怀疑【拓展延伸】suspect sb of（doing）sth 怀疑某人做某事be suspect of sth 怀疑某事We suspect him of what he said.我们怀疑他说的话We are suspect of the truth of the statement. 我们怀疑事情的真实性【典型例题】They all suspected Tom _ stealing their money.A. to B. of C. in D. on【答案】B. suspect sb of（doing）sth 怀疑某人做某事【点拨】记忆动词和介词的习惯搭配考点十七 decline【基础过关】vt (1) 拒绝，谢绝She declined their invitation. 她婉拒了他们的邀请vi（2）变少，变弱，变少Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month.上个月失业率降至百分之四As one grows older ones memory declines.人的记忆力随着年龄增长而衰退【拓展延伸】Phrases：on the decline 在减少fall into a decline 失去力量，影响After his wife died, he fall into a decline.在他老婆死后，他失去了力量The number of robberies in the area is on the decline.这个地区里的小偷的数量在减少同义词：decrease ,可以及物也可以不及物。decline作为减少讲，是不及物的。【典型例题】Her influence was _ after she lost the election.A. declined B. decreased C. increased D. decline【答案】B。decline作为减少讲，是不及物的,故选择B【点拨】掌握近义词的区别考点十八 select【基础过关】v选择,挑选,选拔He selected a team for the special task.他为这项特殊任务挑选了一组人马【拓展延伸】select/elect/choose/pickselect表示作出的决定要比用choose更周到elect 意思为选举choose表示自由做出的决定，仅限于两者pick作为选择讲更通俗We elected our monitor by a show of hands. 我们举手选举了班长He chose George as his assistant. 他选择乔治做他的助手Please pick a good book for me. 请为我挑一本好书【典型例题】She had to _ between giving up her job and hiring a nanny.(保姆)Achoose B.select C.elect D.pick【答案】A. choose select pick都有选折，挑选之意，但从between来看是两者的选择故选A【点拨】掌握熟练近义词的区别，抓住关键考点十九possess【基础过关】V 拥有，具有，领有The country possesses rich mineral.这个国家拥有丰富矿藏。【拓展延伸】possession n 拥有，具有，所有物in possession of 拥有某物，负责in the possession of 被. 拥有come into ones possession 落入某人手中，由某人继承Our university is now in possession of those buildings现在那些楼房是属于我们大学的The books are in the possession of Jack这些书是杰克的That famous painting has come into his possession那幅名画已落入他的手【典型例题】The young girl whose father died is _ the company now.A in possession of B. in the possession of C.in possession D in possessions of【答案】A。根据句意“这个女孩拥有这个公司”，故选A【点拨】把握短语的区别。考点二十 nevertheless【基础过关】虽然如此，然而依然，可作副词和连词She was angry; nevertheless, she listened to me.她很生气,但还是听了我的话。【拓展延伸】nevertheless/ however/in spite of/despitenevertheless可作副词和连词however是副词in spite of是介词短语，后不可加句子，翻译为尽管despite是介词，翻译为尽管We cant follow your advice, nevertheless I thank you for giving it.我们不能照你的建议去办。不过承蒙您提出来,十分感谢。I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on.我有点累了,但我能坚持下去I went out in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨我仍外出了He went to work despite his illness. 尽管生病,他还是去工作【典型例题】There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law,_, it is important that we try.A. Nevertheless B. In spite of C. Despite D.But【答案】A. 句子中需要一个连词，排除BC，D but后面面不可以有逗号【点拨】掌握单词的词性考点二十一 eager【基础过关】（1） 热心的,热切的He looked around the circle of eager faces. 他看了看四周热切的脸庞。（2） 渴望的,急切的She is eager for success. 她渴望成功【拓展延伸】eager/anxiouseager强调渴望的，热切的anxious强调焦急的，急切的phrases:be eager for / be anxious for 渴望得到某物/ 急切得到某物be eager to do/ be anxious to do 渴望做某事/急切做某事be anxious about 为.担忧Were anxious for your safe return. 我们盼望你平安归来Im really anxious to see him. 我急于见他。We are really anxious about your safety我们真的很担心你的安全【典型例题】Sally was _ about her mother, because she was ill last week.A. anxious B.nervous C. eager D.curious【答案】A。焦急的 B 紧张的 C 渴望的 D 好奇的，根据句意应该是莎莉为她妈妈着急。故选A【点拨】掌握近义词的辨析。考点二十二convince【基础过关】vt 使信服,说服His argument is too weak to convince me你的论点太薄弱了，收复不了我I couldnt convince him that he was wrong,我无法使他明白自己错了【拓展延伸】convince sb of sth 是某人相信，信服convincing adj 令人信服的（修饰人）convinced adj 信服的，相信的（修饰物）We try to convince him of the plan.我们试图使他相信这个计划。Nobody has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaur die out.没有人能对恐龙的灭绝做出一个令人信服的解释Im convinced that Tom is lying.我可以确信汤姆在说谎【典型例题】The lawyer finally _ court _ their crime by showing a lot of evidences.A. convinced; of B. convinced; by C. convincing ; by D. convincing; of【答案】A 考查convince sb of sth和convincing convinced的区别【点拨】牢记短语及convincing convinced的区别考点二十三 astonish【基础过关】使吃惊，使惊奇What he did astonished us greatly 。他所做的使我们感到很吃惊He astonished us with his be