高二英语情态动词用法

情态动词ModalVerbs,情态动词的定义,情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。MayIhaveyourname?我能知道你的名字吗？Shallwebeginnow?我们现在就开始吗？Youmustobeytheschoolrules.你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would).,情态动词的位置,情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看见你，过来吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。WhatcanIdoforyou?你要什么？Howdareyoutreatuslikethat!你怎么敢那样对待我们!,特点,情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。Hecouldbeheresoon.他很快就来。Wecantcarrytheheavybox.我们搬不动那箱子。ImsorryIcanthelpyou.对不起，我帮不上你。,情态动词的用法,1.can(could)表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could为can的过去式。Canyoupassmethebooks?你能给我递一下书吗?Couldyouhelpme,please?请问,你能帮助我吗?Whatcanyoudo?你能干点什么呢?Canyoubesure?你有把握吗?,can和could只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态，将来时态用beableto来表示。Hecouldhelpusatall.他完全可以帮助我们。Withtheteachershelp,IwillbeabletospeakEnglishcorrectly.有老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。,2.may(might)“可以”，表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。Youmaytakethebookhome.你可以把书带回家去。MayIuseyourdictionary?我可以用你的词典吗?Hesaidhemightlendussomemoney.他说他可以借给我们一些钱。,may否定式为maynot,缩写形式是maynt。might是may的过去式，有两种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑。Hetoldmehemightbehereontime.他说他能按时间来。MightIborrowsomemoneynow?我可以借点钱吗?Hemightbealive.他可能还活着。,3.must“必须；应该；一定；准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。Imustfinishmyworktoday.我今天必须完成我的工作。Youmustntworkallthetime.你不能老是工作。MustIreturnthebooktomorrow?我必须明天还书吗?Aftersuchalongwalk,youmustbetired.走了这么长的路,你一定累了。HemustbethemanIamlookingfor.他一定是我要找的人。,值得注意的是：must和haveto的区别:must表示说话人的主观思想,haveto“不得不,必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。Youmustdoitnow.你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)Ihavetogonow.我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)Youmustbehereontimenexttime.你下次一定要按时来。Ihavetocookformychild.我得给孩子做饭。,4.need“需要”，多用在否定式或疑问句中.NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow?我需要明天参加会议吗?Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek.这一周你不必交论文。need是一个情态动词，还可当作实义动词使用。这时need就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数，后面加带to的动词等特性。Ineedabiketogotoschool.我上学需要一辆自行车。Doyouneedadictionary?你需要词典吗?Sheneedsanecklace.她需要一条项链。,5.dare“敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。Thelittlegirldarenotspeakinpublic.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。Dareyoucatchthelittlecat?你敢抓小猫吗?dare除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用，用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。Doyoudaretowalkinthedark?你敢黑夜走路吗？Hedoesntdaretotelltheteacherwhathappenedthatday.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。,6.ought“应当；应该”，后面跟带有to的动词不定式。意思相当于should.Yououghttoreadthesebooksifyouwanttoknowhowtorepairthemotorcar.如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。Yououghttobringthechildhere.你应该把孩子带来。,7.will(would)表决心、愿望。would为will的过去式,可用于各人称。Illdomybesttocatchupwiththem.我要尽全力赶上他们。Illneverdoitagain,thatsthelasttime.我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。Hesaidhewouldhelpme.他说他会帮助我。will,would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would比will更婉转,客气。Itshot.Willyouopenthewindows?天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?Willyouhelpmetoworkitout?你能帮我解这道题吗?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee？给你来点咖啡怎样？,Youshouldhandintheexercisebook.你应该交作业本儿了。Shallwegonow?我们现在可以走了吗?WhyshouldImeethim？为什么我要见他?,用在Imsurprised,Itisapity,Itisunthinkable等结构中表示：惊讶，惋惜。Itisapitythatheshouldfailintheentranceexamination.他没考取，真是可惜。,8.shall,should表示职责,建议,惊奇,情态动词表示推测,must,may,might,can都可以用来表示推测。must表示对事情的肯定性推测“一定”。may,can和might都表示对事情的可能性推测。ThismustbeJimspen.(一般)Youmustbejoking.(正在进行)Youmusthaveseenthefilm.(过去),注意：must表示推测时的否定形式是cant。mustnt表示“禁止”。,表示推测的句子的反意疑问句,Hemustbeintheclassroom,_?Tommusthaveheardofthenews,_?Hermothermustbepreparingsupperforher,_?Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_?,isntshe,isnthe,hasnthe,根据不推测时的情况添加，跟情态动词没有任何关系。,didntit,情态动词+完成形式,当情态动词表示对过去的动作说明时，需要用完成时形式。但每个情态动词表示的意思不同。,1.neednthavedone表示一种已经做过的但并无必要的行为。Youneednthavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.你本来不必浇花的，因为天要下雨了。,2.shouldhavedone表示应该做的事而没有做，其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生但发生了。Youshouldhavegivenhermorehelp.Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.Sheshouldnthaveleftthehospital,forshehadntrecovered.,3.canthavedone是musthavedone的否定形式。Marycannothavegonetothepartylastnight.,情态动词专练题,1.Putonmoreclothes.Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.canB.couldC.mustD.would2.MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?No,_.A.youshouldntB.youmightnotC.youneedntD.youmustnt3.Youtoattendthemeeting,butyoudidnt.A.shouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.cameD.shouldhavecome4.WedidntseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.Heit.A.mustnthaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.neednthaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended5.Tomwentonfoot,buthebybus.A.mightgoB.maygoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone,6.Weplaychessthanbridge.Someofusdontknowhowtoplaybridge.A.hadbetterB.wouldbetterC.wouldratherD.hadrather7.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.itbeTom?A.CanB.MustC.ShouldD.Ought8.Therewasalotoftime.He.A.mustnthavehurriedB.neednthavehurriedC.couldhavehurriedD.oughttohavehurried9.WedidntstudyChemistrylastnight,butwe.A.hadstudiedB.couldC.shouldD.couldhave10.Oneoughtforwhatonehasntdone.A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunishedC.tonotpunishedD.notbepunished,11.MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?.A.No,youneedntB.Not,pleaseC.No,youmustntD.No,youwont12.CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?Yes,you.A.willB.couldC.mayD.might13.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking.A.mustnotB.maynotC.shouldnotD.donthaveto14.Ididntseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustnthavespokenB.shouldnthavespokenC.neednthavespokenD.couldnthavespoken15.Iwonderhowhethattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay,16.Youtakeyourumbrella.Iamsureitwontrain.A.shouldntB.cantC.donthavetoD.mustnt17.Thedoghibernateinwinter.A.dontneedB.doesntneedtoC.needsnottoD.needsnot18.Lookwhatyouhavedone.Youhavebeencareful.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.may19.Tomdidnotgotothepartyyesterday,orIhim.A.wouldseeB.couldmeetC.mighthaveseenD.mightsee20.Letsgotothecinema,shallwe?A.No,IcantB.Yes,IwillC.Yes,thankyouD.No,wedbetternot,21.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,youhavemadesomanymistakes.A.wontB.wouldntC.maynotD.mustnt22.WheneverMotherwasnothere,thechildrenmakealotofnoise.A.willB.wouldC.weretoD.weregoingto23.Whyisitsodark.Therebeaheavyraincoming.A.shallB.mayC.shouldD.will24.Tomislate.Whattohim?A.shouldhavehappenedB.musthavehappenedC.canhavehappenedD.wouldhavehappened25.Tom,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.wont,couldB.mustnt,mayC.shouldnt,mustD.cant,should,26.“Canyouimaginehowaboutit?”“No,Icant.”A.couldtheyknowpossiblyB.couldtheypossiblyknowC.theycouldpossiblyknowD.pos