有机化合物的英文名称

有机化合物的英文命名,饱和烃-Alkanes,烷烃的英文名称字尾都有-ane,烷基的命名,不饱和烃UnsaturatedHydrocarbon,将相应烷的字尾-ane改为-ene即为烯，双烯字尾为-adiene,三烯为-atriene,不饱和烯基（Alkenyl）的英文命名,烯基(alkenyl)是将烯的字尾-ene改为-enyl，在系统命名中，简单的烯基仍保留了普通命名，但CA全部采用系统命名,炔类化合物的英文名,芳香烃AromaticHydrocarbonCompounds,系统命名是以芳香环为母体，取代基根据环上的位置而定位，苯环上表示2个基团的相对位置命名常用邻位o-、对位p-、和间位m-表示。,当芳香环上带有脂肪链时，按杂环、芳香环、脂环、脂链的骨架优先顺序，CA系统命名以芳香环作为骨架，脂链作为取代基。在英文命名中取代基按字顺排列的，在中文命名中，是按基团大小顺序排列，小的放在前，芳香基（-aryl）字尾有-yl。,卤代烃OrganicHalides,系统命名是将卤素作为主链的取代基,醇、酚、醚Alcohols,Phenols,andEthers,含氮有机化合物NitrogenousOrganicCompounds,胺类化合物的CA命名不用苯胺、甲苯胺的名称，但是在一般系统命名中仍保留了这两个俗名,羧酸和取代酸CarboxylicAcidsandSubstituteCarboxylicAcids,Histamineisabiogenicamineinvolvedinlocalimmuneresponsesaswellasregulatingphysiologicalfunctioninthegutandactingasaneurotransmitter.1Histaminetriggerstheinflammatoryresponse.Aspartofanimmuneresponsetoforeignpathogens,histamineisproducedbybasophilsandbymastcellsfoundinnearbyconnectivetissues.Histamineincreasesthepermeabilityofthecapillariestowhitebloodcellsandotherproteins,inordertoallowthemtoengageforeigninvadersintheaffectedtissues.2Itisfoundinvirtuallyallanimalbodycells,Cimetidine,HMG-CoA(or3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzymeA)isanintermediateintheMevalonatepathway.ItisformedfromacetylCoAandacetoacetylCoAbyHMG-CoAsynthase.HMG-CoAreductaseconvertsitintomevalonicacid,acetylCoA,mevalonicacid,Lovastatinisamemberofthedrugclassofstatins,usedforloweringcholesterol(hypolipidemicagent)inthosewithhypercholesterolemiaandsopreventingcardiovasculardisease.Lovastatinisanaturallyoccurringdrugfoundinfoodsuchasoystermushrooms1andredyeastrice,Captopril(rINN)(pronounced/kptprl/)isanangiotensin-convertingenzymeinhibitor(ACEinhibitor)usedforthetreatmentofhypertensionandsometypesofcongestiveheartfailure.CaptoprilwasthefirstACEinhibitordevelopedandwasconsideredabreakthroughbothbecauseofitsnovelmechanismofactionandalsobecauseoftherevolutionarydevel