2020届高考二轮专题复习 语法资料精品集之主谓一致

2020;2020届高考二轮专题复习英语语法资料精品集之主谓一致（1）、语法一致原则该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，动词用复数形式：I 主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。I love / She loves music 我/ 她爱好音II 主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。1“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等作主语，用单数谓语形式。The work is important 这项工作重要。To serve the country is our duty 为祖国服务是我们的义务。How and why he left was a sad story 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。2复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。The children are taken good care of 孩子们得到很好的照料。II 以“and ”或“both and”连接的并列主语：1通常作复数用 。Plastics and rubber never rot 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。What he says and what he does do not agree 他言行不一致。2如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。The worker and writer has come 这位工人作家来了。3“and”前、后的单数词语都有“each，every ，many ，a ，no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时：1 a）“many a 单名 ”接单数谓语：“a good （great ） many 复名”接复数谓语。Many a fine man has died for it 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。A great many parents were present at the meeting 许多家长出席了会议。b）a / an 单名 or two 大多接单数谓语： one or two 复名接复数谓语。Only a word or two is （are ）needed 只需说一两句。One or two reasons were suggested 提出一两条理由。c）“a / an 单名 and a half”常接单数谓语；“one and a half 复名”多接复数谓语。A year and a half has passed 一年半已过去了。One and a half tons of rice are sold 已卖了一吨半大米。d）“more than one 单名”大多接单数谓语。More than one person was （were ）absent 不止一个人缺席。“more 复名 than one ”接复数谓语。More students than one have been there 不止一个学生去过那儿。“more than two （three，）复名 ”接复数谓语。More than one hundred students have attended the concert 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。2 ，主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind （sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / meter / ）of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。There is only a small quantity of paper （books ） left 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。This kind of apple is sweet 这种苹果甜。Apples of this kind are sweet （总作复数用）3主语后接“with”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with ，along with ，together with ，as well as ， but ， besides ， except ，added to ， including ， like ，no less than ， rather than ， more than ”等。A woman with two children has come 一位妇女带着两个孩子了。4“one of 复数名词 定语从句”：1）、定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”）2）、若“one”前加“this， the ，the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。He was the only one of the boys who was praaised 他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。（关系词who 代 the only one ）高考链接Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however，some difficult to understand（10四川）Aare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis：areListening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （10湖南）A. is B. are C. has D. have（2）、意义一致原则 有时候谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念，而不是其语法形式：I 集合名词作主语时：1 有些通常作复数用（不变词形）。如：“people ， police ， cattle （牛，牲口），folk ， youth ， militia （民兵）”，等。The police have caught the murderer 警方已捕获凶手。2 有些指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数（不变词形）。如 army ， audience（听众），class ，club （俱乐部） ，company（公司）， committee（委员会） ，crew ，crowd ，staff（员工） ，family ，public ，government ，group ，party ，union ，couple ，population ，team 等。Our family is a happy one 我们有个幸福的家庭。The family are early risers 这家人都起得早。但上述集合名词也可有复数形式。如：families ， two classes 等。有些变复数形式后意义不同。如：peoples多个民族。 youths男青年。 folks亲友。II代词作主语时：1不定代词each ，one ， much， （a）little ，either ，neither ，another ，the other（单名）等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。Each of the girls （Each girl） has a new hat 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。Neither plan suits me Neither of the plans suits / suit me 两个计划都不适合我。2下列复合不定代词一般作单数用：“someone ，somebody ，something ，anybody ，anyone ，anything ，everybody ，everyone ，everything ，nobody ，no one ，nothing ”等。Is everybody here ? 都到齐了吗?There was nothing special then 那时没什么特别情况。3.下列不定代词作复数用：“（a）few ，many ，several， both”Few （of the guests ） were familiar to us 没几个（客人）是我们熟识的。Both / Both （of ） these are interesting 两部影片都有趣。4下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数：1）、“what ，which ，who ，whose ”等。Who is your brother ?你兄弟是谁?Who are League Members 哪些是团员?2）、all ， some ，more ，most ，any ，none ，a lot（of ）， lots （of ），等。All （of the students ） are working hard （所有的学生）都在用功。All （of the paint ） is fine （这些油漆）都很好。3）、half（of）， plenty （of）， the rest（of）， （a）part（of）， the remainder（of ）余下的），等。Half of the apples are bad 苹果中有一半是坏的。Half of the apple is bad 这只苹果坏了一半。“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时：1 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 。Ten times four makes（make） forty 乘以四得四十。2表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语，作“整体”看时作单数用，侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。Twenty years is not a long time 二十年光阴，弹指一挥间。Twenty years have passed since he left 他离开已二十个年头了。3“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。Only sixty percent / threefifths of the work was done yesterday 昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。4 a number of （许多）/ a variety of （各式各样） 复数名词，常作复数用。A number of students in this class are （is） from Sichuan 这个班有不少同学来自四川。但是，“the number（数目）/ the variety（种类）” of 复数名词，作单数。The number of students in this college has doubled 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。单、复数同形或易混的词作主语时：（参见“名词”部分）1以“ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科，作单数。Mathematics seems easy to me 我似乎觉得数学不难。但是，表“具体的学业、活动”等时，多用作复数。Her mathematics are weak 她数学差。（指“学业成绩、能力”）2 “works工厂，means方法，series系列，species物种，aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。This works was（These works were）built two years ago 这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的。这类名词通常还有“fish ，deer ，sheep ，headquarters （总部驻地），bellows（风箱）， plastics， gallows （绞架）， manners（礼貌） ，whereabouts （行踪）， ”等。（但news（消息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。） the 形容词/分词作主语时：1 指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用。The rejected were heaped in the corner 废品堆在角落里。2指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数用。The agreeable is not always the useful 好看的不一定中用。专用名词作主语时：1“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。The United States was founded in 1776美国成立于1776年。The Arabian Nights is very interesting天方夜谭很有趣。2“书刊名”有时作单数或复数两可，尤其是编成集子的书。Dickens American Notes were （was ） published in 1842 狄更斯所著的美国笔记出版于1842年。“what等引导的从句”作主语时：1 大多作单数用。What we need is more practice 我们需要的是更多的实践。2若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数两可。What you say and think is /are no business of mine 你怎么说以及怎么想，不关我的事。【高考真题剖析】（2020;2020四川卷）13Always remember put such dangerous things as lives out of childrens 【C】Atouch Bsight Creach Ddistance（2020;2020江西卷）31Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?【D】Asympathy Btheme Cobject Dpoint（2020;2020湖北卷）21“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly in her voices【D】Anear Brudeness Cregret Dpanic（2020;2020湖北卷）22Giving up my job to go back to full time caudation was a big_, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made【B】Aproject BcommitmentCcompetition Dambition（2020;2020江苏卷）27Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _【C】AconsequenceBindependenceCcompetenceDintelligence（2020;2020浙江卷）18Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my_【B】Aemotions Bprinciples Cregulations Dopinions（2020;2020山东卷）34Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share【A】Atradition Bbalance Cconcern Drelationship（2020;2020福建卷）26The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change【B】Aresult Bcause Cwarning Dreflection（2020;2020湖南卷）26One third the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _black people【A】Ais ; are Bis ; is Care ; are Dare ; is（2020;2020安徽卷）27The factory and 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes【D】Ais B are Cwas D were巩固练习1.The old _well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was2.The secretary and manager _very busy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were3.Both the secretary and the manager _agreed to attend the meeting.A.has B. have C. are D. was4.Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party.A.was B. were C. have been D. had been5.Either you or I _going to the teachers office after class.A.am B. is C. are D. will6.Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A.are B. were C. was D. have been7.This is one of the best novels that _appeared this year.A. have been B. has C. had been D. have8.Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum.A. are B. is C. were D. have9.About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday.A.are B. is C. were D. was10. Mr. Smith， together with his children， _arrived.A. are B. has C. is D. have11. It _I who _leaving for London.A. isis B. amis C. isam D. amam12. Not only Tom but also his wife _fond of watching television.A.are B. were C. be D. is13. When and where to build the new factory _yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest _.A. are difficultB. has proved difficultC. is supposed difficultD. have been found difficult15. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. is B. was C. are D. were16. Half of his goods _ stolen the other day.A. are B. were C. is D. was17. Mathematics _the language of science.A.are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be18. Each of the students _ a Chinese-English dictionary.A.have B. has C. there is D. there are19. They each _ a beautiful handkerchief.A.have B. has C. there is D. there are20.Between the two rows of trees _the teaching building.A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are21. This pair of shoes _made in Nanjing.A. is B. are C. have beenD. had been22. No one except my parents _anything about it.A. know B. knowsC. is knowing D. have known23. A number of students _from the south.A. are B. is C. have D. has24. The number of students from the north _small.A. are B. is C. have D. has25. Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most，A. is B. are C. was D. were26. His “Selected Poems” _first published in 1965.A. were B. was C. has been D. are27. Miss Smith is a friend of _.A. Marys mothers B. Marys motherC. Mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers28. A good deal of money _spent on books.A. have B. hasC. have been D. has been29. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging30. _turn green in spring.A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves31. Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble.A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices32. All but one _here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were33. The number of people invited _fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A. were； was B. was； wasC. was； were D. were； were34. The air in big cities _very dirty by factories.A. are often made B. is often madeC. have often made D. has often made35. Nobody _to smoke in the cinema.A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed36. The Chinese people _hard-working and brave.A. are B. is C. has been D. are being37. _can be done _been done.A. All； have B. All that； haveC. All； has D. All that； has38. John has two brothers， but either _out of work now.A. are B. is C. has D. have39. The police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching for B. were searching forC. are searching for D. were searching40. Apples of this kind _.A. tastes goo