2020届高考英语二轮专题复习 语法七、情态动词和虚拟语气

2020;2020届高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法七、情态动词和虚拟语气诊断与对策.用括号内的词改写句子，使其与前一句有相似的意义1.I suggest we take a taxi.(could)_2.Its possible that Louise is waiting for us at the airport.(may)_3.Its impossible for the story to be true.(cant)_4.Im too scared to go up on the roof.(dare)_5.We expect the parcel to arrive soon.(should)_6.At one time I played tennis regularly.(used)_.单项填空1.To relax，Maja _ often watch the dolphins play at an aquarium (水族馆) near her home.(2020;2020湖北完形，43)A.might B.shouldC.could D.would解析句意为：为了放松一下，Maja过去经常在她家附近的水族馆里看海豚表演。would此处用于指过去经常发生的事情。2.There are also styles to remind me of Muma tiny chair which _ be in her bedroom is set in one room.(2020;2020四川完形，37)A.ought to B.used toC.might D.could解析句意为：也有一些房间的风格让我想起了我的母亲其中一个房间里就摆放了母亲卧室里曾摆放过的一把小椅子。ought to应该；used to过去常常；might可能；could可能，能够。根据句意可知B项正确。3.I didnt know Moms _ be lawyers too.(2020;2020天津完形，23)A.must B.ought toC.need D.could解析句意为：我当时不知道妈妈也可能成为律师。must一定；ought to应该；need需要；could可能，能够。根据句意可确定D项正确。4.Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I _it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (2020;2020福建，34)A.attended B.had attendedC.would attend D.would have attended解析句意为：你错过了关于核污染的讲座真是遗憾。我本想去听的，但我忙着准备工作面试。由语境可知，此处表示“本想去而事实上没去”，为虚拟语气。叙述与过去事实相反的情况要用would have done，故D项正确。5.Maybe if I _ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help. (2020;2020北京，30)A.studied B.would studyC.had studied D.was studying解析句意为：或许如果当初我学习理科而不是文学的话，我(现在)就能给你更多的帮助。这是错综时间条件句，从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。备考策略1.体会说话者的语气和态度，注意情态动词的区别。情态动词表示说话者的态度和语气。解答情态动词类的题目时，一定要细细领会情景特征，体会说话者的语气，情景中没有废话，不要放过任何细节。只有这样，才会找到有效信息，做出最佳选择。2.体会时间概念，掌握“情态动词have done”的用法。“情态动词have done”是对过去发生的情况进行判断，要区分时态和情态动词的概念。而且多数题目在语境中考查知识点，做这类题目时要注意动词的形式以及语气要和语境一致。3.掌握虚拟语气规律，使用正确的表达形式。虚拟语气通常用在一些特定的句型中，在advise，demand，order，request，propose，require，recommend等的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”的形式。同时我们要注意在这些动词的同根名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。4.分析虚拟条件句，掌握虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。虚拟条件句的表现形式非常灵活，有时省略连词if，把从句中的were，had或should提前；有时用without，but for等介词短语来表示。有时候条件状语从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。考点与考题考点一情态动词表推测1.表示肯定推测时must will would ought to should can could may might。2.表示否定推测时cant语气最强，意为“不可能”，may/might/could not的语气较弱，意为“可能不”。(mustnt不表示否定推测，而表示“禁止，不能”。)3.表示推测时，must只能用在肯定句中，may和might只能用在肯定句和否定句中，can和could可用于各种句式，can用于肯定句中时，有时表示“一时的可能性或暂时的可能性”。4.“情态动词do”表示对目前动作的推测；“情态动词be doing”表示对正在发生的动作的推测；“情态动词have done”表示对过去发生的动作的推测。根据句子情景或汉语提示完成句子1.That cant (不可能) be Lily；she is in China.2.I might/may go to China next year，but Im not sure.考题印证1.It _ be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock. (2020;2020江西，23)A.mustnt B.cantC.wont D.neednt解析句意为：现在才6点，门口的人不可能是邮递员。表达“不可能”，用cant。2.I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?Dont worry.He _ come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. (2020;2020北京，24)A.must not B.need notC.would not D.might not解析根据“He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.”可知，他来的把握性不大，故might not“或许不”符合题意。3.“You_have a wrong number，” she said.“Theres no one of that name here.”(2020;2020浙江，17)A.need B.can C.must D.would解析句意为：“你一定弄错了号码，”她说，“这儿没人叫那个名字。”need需要；can能，可以；must一定，必须；would要，会。由语境可知，空格处的词对目前的情况作出肯定判断，故用must。can表推测用于否定句、疑问句中。考点二“情态动词have done”用法总结1.must have done表示对过去情况的肯定猜测，意为“准是(一定)了”。2.may/might have done用于肯定句和否定句，表示对过去情况发生的可能性的不确定猜测，意为“可能/也许(已经)了”；might have done还可表示对过去没有做成某事的遗憾或责备，意为“本可以”。3.can/could have done用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去情况发生的可能性的否定或质疑，分别意为“不可能/不会(已经)了”和“可能/也许(已经)了”；could have done还可表示对过去本来能够完成但却未能完成之较婉转的批评或对过去情况含有不满情绪的提议，意为“本来能够的”。4.should/ought to have done表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾、后悔甚至责备等情绪，意为“本该的(但没有)”，其否定式意为“本不该(但却做了)”。5.neednt have done表示过去已经做了不必要做的事，意为“本来没必要做”。6.对“情态动词have done”结构的简略回答要用“情态动词have”。You ought to have called her yesterday.Yes，I know I ought to have.根据句子描述的情景选词填空1.What a pity.Considering his ability and experience，he might (need/must/can/might) have done better.2.As it turned out to be a small house party，we neednt (couldnt/neednt/mustnt) have dressed up so formally.考题印证1.Jack described his father，who _a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man.(2020;2020安徽，32)A.would be B.would have beenC.must be D.must have been解析句意为：杰克把多年以前一定是个勇敢男孩的父亲描述成为一个意志坚强的人。must have been是对过去事实的肯定猜测；must be是对现在事实的肯定猜测；would be是过去将来时；would have been是虚拟语气，故选D项。2.They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2020;2020新课标全国卷，32)A.will B.canC.must D.should解析句意为：他们本应该在午饭时间到达，但是航班延误了。表达“过去应该做某事(而实际上未做)”，用should have done结构。3.Mark_have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early. (2020;2020天津，9)A.neednt B.wouldntC.mustnt D.couldnt解析句意为：马克本没有必要那么急，全速开车后他提前了半个小时到达。根据句意和前后的照应可知应选A项。A项表示“本没有必要”；B项意为“不会”；C项表示“不允许”；D项表示“不可能”。显然，B、C、D三项与后文论述不符。4.I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean，someone _ it. (2020;2020江苏，34)A.will have stolen B.might have stolenC.should have stolen D.must have stolen解析might have done在此表达“可能”，表示对过去发生之事的不太肯定的推测，符合题意。考点三关于情态动词应注意的两个问题1.含有情态动词的疑问句的答语(1)回答由need引起的问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。(2)回答由must引起的问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。(3)回答由may引起的问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用cant或mustnt。(4)回答由could引起的表示请求的疑问句时，肯定回答用can，否定回答用cant或couldnt。2.need和dare作为情态动词和实义动词(1)作情态动词时，dare主要用于否定句和疑问句以及条件句中(在简略回答中可用于肯定句)；need一般用于否定句或疑问句中，不用于肯定句。(2)作实义动词时，dare，need都有人称、数和时态的变化，注意dare后接动词不定式时，符号to可以省略。做有关这两个情态动词的练习时，首先要分清它们是情态动词还是实义动词。完成句子1.Need I tell you all the details？Yes，you must.2.She darent say a word，dare she (是吗)?考题印证1.May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you _.You read it in here.(2020;2020陕西，23)A.mightnt B.wontC.neednt D.mustnt解析考查情态动词。英语中用could，might表示询问或征求意见，肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might；而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt，故本题选D。2.Could I use your bike while you are out?Of course you _.A.could B.should C.must D.can解析句意为：你不在时我能用一下你的自行车吗？当然可以。以could开头的问句征求对方意见时，肯定回答用can，否定回答用cant或couldnt。3.The room is so dirty._ we clean it?Of course.A.Will B.ShallC.Would D.Do解析shall用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。根据答语“Of course.”可判断出对方在征求意见，“我们打扫一下好么？”，故选B。另外，shall用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、强制、决心、允诺、警告等。4.I _ worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes. (2020;2020上海，28)A.cant B.mustntC.darent D.neednt解析句意为：我没必要担心我的周末，我总是提前把计划制订好。表达“没必要”用neednt。考点四含蓄条件句的几种类型1.将条件隐含在不定式短语中To have studied harder，you would have passed the examination.2.将条件隐含在分词短语中Born in better times，he would have been a scholar.3.将条件隐含在名词短语中A few hours earlier，and you would have seen the famous writer.4.将条件隐含在定语从句中Anyone who has seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.5.将条件隐含在一定的上下文中Dont bother to read all these papers.It would take too long.6.将条件隐含在形容词及其比较级中A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.7.用with，without，but for，under，or，otherwise，if only等代替条件状语从句But for the storm，I would have arrived much earlier.考题印证1.We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2020;2020江西，28)A.will put B.will have putC.would put D.would have put解析句中but for意为“要不是”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，故只能用would have done结构。2.I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2020;2020陕西，22)A.couldnt have goneB.didnt goC.wouldnt goD.hadnt gone解析句意为：没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。由without your generous help可知，此处考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为A。3.He hesitated about the brake，otherwise the accident _.A.could have been avoidedB.could have avoidedC.would have avoidD.should have been avoided解析accident与avoid之间为动宾关系，排除B、C两项；此处otherwise为隐含的虚拟条件句，相当于if he hadnt hesitated about the brake，根据句意可知A项正确。4.Did you hear Tom was criticized for his spelling mistakes in his English composition?Yes，but a more careful person _ so many mistakes.A.wouldnt make B.neednt have madeC.shouldnt make D.wouldnt have made解析由语境可知此处表示过去，A、C两项可以排除；B项意为“本没有必要做某事”，不符合语境，故选D项，表虚拟。题点与题组命题点情态动词表推测1.Hi，Tom.Any idea where Jane is?She _ in the classroom.I saw her there just now.A.shall be B.should have