2020高考英语专题复习 模块二 代词（it用法）、介词、连词

2020高考英语专题复习 模块二 代词（it用法）、介词、连词基础知识自助餐互学释疑，举一反三！ 一、考点导航 - Bob从高考题看模块二的命题热点：考查重点是代词（it用法）、介词、连词的基本运用。考查焦点是：1.注意找到代词的指代本体和单复数形式。人称代词中主要考查名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法；人称代词的宾格形式；动词或介词与反身代词的连用及反身代词作作表语和同位语。2.指示代词的用法。3.不定代词的指代的语义和内容；及其词性变化和句法功能。4.疑问代词(W H-ever的用法)和关系代词的用法。5.哪些代词用于肯定，哪些代词用于否定，各指代什么。焦点：one,this, that, so，much, same。6.介词主要集中在固定搭配的考查，建议同学们多掌握一些常用的搭配并思考运用。7.连词考查主要与并列句和复合句结合，尤其是名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句（注意分句间逻辑关系的理解），但是不能忽略并列连词的用法（主要关注表示转折和因果两种关系）。 二、考点聚焦 【基本规则、功能与用法】Unit 1 代词代词种类一.人称代词:代替人或物,可做主 宾 表语单数复数人称主格宾格主格宾格一Imeweus 二youyouyouyou三hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词的一般顺序: 单 you he I； 复 we you they单复数对应： 单 you he I； 复you they we二.物主代词 表所属关系，做主 宾 表 定语物主代词单复形容词性MyYourHisHerItsOurYourTheir名词性mineyourshishersItsoursyourstheirs三. 反身代词: 放在名词.代词后或句末表示亲自.自己起强调作用可做宾 表 同位语人称第一第二第三单数MyselfYourselfhimselfherselfItself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves用于某些短语:help oneself to look after oneself Enjoy oneself = have a good timedress oneself teach oneself = learn by oneself lose oneself in (陶醉于)come to oneself (醒过来) talk to oneself四. 指示代词:起指示, 指代作用，做主 宾 表 定语this these 近指 that those 远指such 这样的 same 同样的This book is mine and that one is yours.Such a lot of people = so many peopleWe were born on the same day.That 或 those 代替前面提到过的名词.The weather of BeiJing is colder than that of Nan Jing.The bikes in BeiJing is much more than those in Tokyo.五.疑问代词: 表疑问, 做主 宾 表 定语Who whom whose which what1. who went with you to the park?2. whom did you go with to the park?3. Whose book is this?六. 关系代词： 引导定语从句，做主 宾 定语Who whom whose which that1. He is the boy who was named Tom.2. This is the book that /which I read .七. 连接代词: 引导名词性从句, 做主 宾 表 定语Who whom whose which what1. I wanted to know which team would win.2. He said that he had lived in London for years.八. 不定代词1. some 的用法(1) some 通常表示不定数量 “一些”, 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,可指人也可指物.I want to drink some water. Give me some.(2) some 有时可以修饰可数名词单数,表示 “某个”He went to some place in Europe.Some Mr li called this morning. 某位李先生上午来电话了。（3）some 用在 “请求、建议、反问”句子中，希望得到对方肯定回答。May I have some water?Why dont you take some apples?2. any 的用法（1）表示不定数量 “一些”修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，既可指人又可指物。一般用在否定句，疑问句中。Do you have any question?If you have any , dont hesitate to ask me.3.合成不定代词的用法：合成不定代词都表示单数概念，一般不做定语。修饰合成不定代词的成分应放在它们后面。Something important anything worth doing与some. Any. no 的用法相似，some 开头的一般用于肯定句 any 开头的用于否定句，疑问句 no 开头的一般用于肯定表示否定意义。Someone is knocking at the door.Is there anything you dont understand?Nobody else is here.4. none 的用法none 可以代替人和物。表示“三者或以上都不”，“没有一个人或一个事物”做主语时 ，如果指所有人，谓语用复数。如果指每个人，谓语多用单数。None of us like to swim in the polluted water.None of them has a bike .5. both either neither 的用法both 表示两者都,做主语时,谓语动词用复数. Either 表示两者中的任何一个,做主语时谓语动词用单数, neither 表示两个都不,做主语谓语动词用单数.Both are very honest.Both of them didnt go there.Either of them sings very well.Neither of them has come yet.6. 表示数量的不定代词 a little little a few few many much 的用法.A little little much 修饰不可数名词,a few few many 修饰可数名词. A little a few表示一些 little few 表示几乎没有,很少.She can speak a little French , but she knows little English.I know little about him.即时巩固练习 -11. Some of the stamps belong to me while the rest are _A . him and her b his and hersC his and her d him and hers2.Susan , go and join your sister clearning the yard.Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing.A him b he c I d me3.Which of the three way shall I take to the village?A each b every c any d either4. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish_in two days?A the rest b the other c another d the others5. Come back quickly, Tod.Sure,_ wont be long.A it b that c I d and答案: 1 b 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 aIt 用法1【指无生命物、动物、植物,在性别不计或不详时也指人或幼孩】它.-Where did you buy your watch?-I bought it in London.-There is a person knocking at the door.-Who can it be?2【指心目中或上下文中的人或事物】这,那,它.He is fifty-two, but doesnt look it. English is important and you will realize it some day.3.【用以代替指示代词this, that】这,那-Whats this in English?-It is a computer.-Whats that?-It is a camera made in China.4表模糊概念，指代从句所叙述的内容I hate it that Ive made so many mistakes.I hate it when you cant discuss things openly.5【作无人称代词的主语,表示时间、天气、距离、温度、环境、情况等】It was nearly midnight when she came back.-Whats the weather like today?-It is cloudy.It is about ten hours journey to the city by train.It is warmer today than the day before yesterday.It was noise when he got to the classroom.If it is convenient to you, I am going to visit you.6【作形式主语，代替不定式（或及复合结构）、动名词（或及复合结构）或丛句表示的真正主语】It is necessary to keep the balance of nature.It is important for us to learn English well for the future.It is no use arguing with him about it.7、作形式宾语, 代替有不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语.He found it important to learn English well.We thought it impossible to finish the task in one day.8、Its +adj.+ for sb to do sth.It is easy for you to listen to the teacher carefully.It is difficult for you to learn every subject well.9、It s + adj. +of sb. to do sth.It was kind of her to help me with my English.It is wise of you to take his advice.10、用于强调句型结构中：It is/was +强调部分+thatIt is/was+强调人+who/thatv I saw LI Ping in the street yesterday.It was I who saw Li Ping in the street yesterday.It was Li Ping that I saw in the street yesterday.It was in the street that (不用where) I saw Li Ping yesterday.I t was yesterday that (不用when) I saw Li Ping in the street.Where was it that you saw Li Ping yesterday?When was it that you saw Li Ping in the street?Whom was it that you saw in the street yesterday?11.由it构成的常用词组1.as it is2.take it easy3.believe it or not4.it all depends5.it takes sb. to do sth.6.It was not until that7.It was not long before8.It is well known that9.It is likely that10.It is suggested that11.It is said that12.It is reported that13.It is ones turn to do14.It is no wonder that15.It is a fact that16. It is a pity that17.It seems that18.It has been proved that19.It is better that即时巩固练习 21 - Dont you want this nice cheap red umbrella ?- No , I dont want _.Please show me _.a. one , the other b it , another c it , the other d one , another2 Look at the girl on the stage, she is already fifty. You are joking. She doesnt look_a. so b it c that d the one3 Did you find your watch yesterday? No, I didnt find _, but Ive bought_a. it ,it b one , one c it , one d one , it4 In fact_is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important match.a. this b that c there d it答案:b b c dUnit 2 介词一. 介词是虚词,不能单独使用,必须与名词或代词构成介词短语.二. 介词短语在句中可以充当主, 表, 定, 状, 补1. 主语 From Hangzhou to Shanghai is two hours by train.2. 表语 Im in Class One, Senior Three.3. 定语 A great many countries in the world consider Taiwan to be a part of China.4. 状语 They are having a meeting in the hall.5. 补语 Ill keep your things on the shelf.三. 常用介词的意义区别1. 表时间at + 时间点, 指 “在时刻, 在点钟, 在 岁时”on + 具体某天,指 “在某日, 星期几, 某日中晚等.”in + 时间段,指 “在期间, 在以后, 在时间内.”By 表示截止时间, 指 “ 在之前, 不迟于”, 常与完成时连用.He will be back in three days; that is, on Sunday morning. The train leaves at 6:00 pm , so I have to be at the station by 5:40 pm2. 表示方位in 表示两地包含, 指 “在方位内”on 表示两地接壤, 指 “在方位边”to 表示两地相隔, 指 “在方位外”Japan lies to the east of China, and in the east of Asian.3表示之间between 表示在 “两者之间”among 表示三者或三者以上之间Please take the medicine between three meals.4 表示方式by 乘交通工具， 通过方式, 常接无冠词名词或动词with以工具/手段,用身体某部位，常接带冠词的具体某工具in 表示表达的方法、媒介、工具、材料等through 通过途径/方式/方法I went there by train instead of in a plane.5 表示穿越through表示从物体里面穿过,还可以表示沿着街道河流走across表示从物体表面经过，还可以表示横过河流over表示从物体上方越过，还可以表示挎在肩上The river runs through our village , across the fields and then into the lake.6 表示除外besides 除之外还有(包括所排除的事物)but /except 除之外不再有,不包括在内 (排除同类的事物)except for 除之外, 只不过(排除非同类事物)but for要不是因为All the students compositions but Toms are good except for a few spelling mistakes.四. “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句此结构中介词的选择可根据以下情况来确定:1. 定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配This is the book on which I spent 6 dollors.for which I paid 6 dollars.from which I learnt a lot.in which therere few new words.to which he often refers.2. 先行词的习惯搭配I remember the day on which I joined the Party.the year in which I stayed here.the time at which I first met her.3. 句子意义Oxygen is a gas without which man cant live.五. with 的复合结构此结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，可作状语和定语,其形式主要有以下几种:1. with+ 宾语 + 名词There is a tall white building with the name “Bush House”2. with+ 宾语 + 形容词I saw deep pools , with the water blue like the sky.3. with+ 宾语 + 副词The building looks more beautiful with all the lights on.4. with+ 宾语 + 不定式With her to help me , I feel quite easy.5. with+ 宾语 + 现在分词With you standing by , I darent speak loudly.6. with+ 宾语 + 过去分词With the cup broken, the boy cried out.7. with+ 宾语 + 介词短语He sat there thinking , with his head on his hands.六. 含有介词的固定搭配.1. 有无冠词,意义不同in front of 在.(外面)的前面 in the front of 在(里面)的前面in charge of 某人负责某事 in the charge of 某事由某人负责out of question 没有问题 , 不成问题 out of the question 不可能at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁on earth 究竟, 到底 on the earth 在地球上2.有无介词 , 意义不同know sb. 认识某人 know about sb. 了解某人shoot sb. 击中某人 shoot at sb. 向某人射击search sb. 搜身 search for sb. 搜寻某人believe sb. 相信某人的话 believe in sb. 信任某人的人格benefit sb. 使某人受益 benefit from sb. 从某人那里得到益处.即时巩固练习1. We cant live _air or water.a. with b. without c. if no d. havent2. Mary is flying to France soon . She will arrive _Pairs_the morning of July.a. at in b. in on c. in in d. at on3. The Greens arrived early _ a Sunday morning.a. on b. at c. in d. of4.My father will be back from Beijing _a week.a. for b. in c. after d. before5. What is a writing brush , do you know ? Its used _writing and drawing.a. with b. to c. for d. by6. She looks like you, we always mistakes her _you.a. to b. for c. with d. like7. We are doing much better _English _our teachers help.a. in at b. at in c. in with d.with with答案. 1.b 2.b 3.a 4.b 5.c 6.b 7.cUnit 3 连词一、连词定义：连词也是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语,以及句子与句子的作用.二、连词分类.（1）并列连词表并列：and , bothand , not only but also , neither nor , as well as (和,以及)He and I attend the medical conference.Not only I but also he attends the medical conference.2。表转折：but , while(表对比,而.) , yet(而,然而.) , however , still (然而).Jack is clever, while his brother is stupid.It is very good, but/still/yet/however it can be better.3。表选择：or , otherwise(否则), eitheror, whetheror(无论是还是)Hurry up , or/or else/otherwise youll be late for class.You can come today or tomorrow.4。表因果：for(用 “,”隔开) , thus , there for , as(因此)He is busy , so/therefor/thus he cant come.（2）从属连词 :引导各种状语从句1表示时间：once(一旦) , before, as soon as , after , since , till , until(直到.才) , no soonerthan(一.就) , hardly when (一.就),while , when , the first time(第一次)He came up when I was sleeping.As soon as I arrive in Beijing , Ill write to you.2.表示地点： where , wherever (无论在哪)Where there is a will , there is a way.We will go where /wherever the Party needs us most?3.表示原因：because(强) 1(直接,必然的原因)2回答why问句 , for(弱) 推测说明因为,不位于句首, since(弱) 间接,附带原因, as (最弱)间接,附带原因, now that=since既然Its spring now because the winter is over.Why cant you do it now ? Because Im too busy.The oil must be out , for the light went out.4.表示结果：so that(如此.以致,这么以使) , such that(这样的以致于) , that(结果.)He is so sleepy that he can hardly keep his eyes open.He is such a great poet that we all admire him.5.表示转折：if , as/so long as(只要,如果) , on condition that(如果,假设,只要) , in case(如果,若发生,万一) , unless=if not(如果不,除非)As long as we dont lose heart , well find a way to see to the matter.In case I