国际经济学第九版英文课后答案 第7单元

第7章经济增长和international tradeOUTLINE7.1 Introduction7.2 Growth of Factors of Production7.2a labor growth and capital accumulation over time7.2b The Rybczynski Theorem7.3 Technical Progress7.3a neutral，labor-saving，and capital-saving technical progress7 . 3 b technical progress and the nations production frontiercase study 7-1: changes in relative resource endowments of various countries and regionscase study 7-23360 change in capital-labor rations in selected countries7.4 growth and trade : the small country case7.4a The Effects of Growth on Trade7.4b factor growth illustation of factor growth，trade，and welcfare7.4c technical progress，trade，and welcfarecase study 7-3: growth of output per worker from capital deep pening，technological change，and improvements in efficiency7.5 growth and trade : the large-country case7.5a growth and the nations terms of trade and welc fare7.5b Immiserizing Growth7.5c beneficial growth and trade illustation of beneficial growth and tradeCase study 7-4: growth，trade，and the giants of the future7.6 growth，change in tasks，and trade in both nations7.6a growth and trade in both nations7.6b更改in tasks and trade in both nationscase study 7-5: change in the revealed comparative advantage of various countries or regionsCase study 7-6: growth，trade，and welc fare in the leading industrial nationsappen dix 3360 a 7.1 formal proof of rybczynski theoremA 7.2 growth with factor immobietya 7.3 graphical analysis of hick sian technical progress密钥termscomparative statistics production and consumptiondynamic analysis neutral production and consumption平衡growthNormal goodsRybczynski theoremInferior goodslabor-saving technical progress terms-of-trade effectcapital-saving technical progress wealth effectprograde production and consumption immiserizing growthLecture Guide1.this is not a core chapter and it is one of the most challenging chapters in international tradetheory . it is included for more advanced students and for completed ness。2.if I were to cover this chapter，I would present two sections in each of three letures。Time permit ting，I would，otherwise cover sections 1 and 2，paying special attention to theRybczynski theorem。Answer to Problems1.a) See Figure 1 .B) See Figure 2C) See Figure 3 .See figure 4。3.a) See Figure 5 .B) See Figure 6 .C) See Figure 7 .4.Compare Figure 5 to Figure 1。compare figure 6 to figure 3 . note that the two production frontiers have the same verticalor y intercept in figure 6 but a different vertical or y intercept in figure 3。compare figure 7 to figure 2 . note that the two production frontiers have the samehorizontal or x intercept in figure 7 but a different horizontal or x intercept in figure 2。See figure 8 on page 66。6.See Figure 9。7.See Figure 10。8.See Figure 11。9.See Figure 12。10.See Figure 13 on page 67。11.See Figure 14。12.See Figure 15。13.the United States has become the most competitive economy in the world since the early1990s while the data in table 7.3 refers to the 1965-1990 period。14.the data in table 7.4 seem to indicate that China had a comparative advantage in capital-intensive commodities and a comparative disadvantage in un sunthis was very likey due to the many trade restrictions and subsidies，Which distorted the comparative advantage of China . its true comparative and subsidiesApp .1a .See Figure 16。1b .production and consumption to actually occur at the new equivalent point after the doubling of k in nation 2，We must assume either than commodity1c.px/py must rise (i.e .py/px must fall)as a result of growth only。Px/Py will fall even more with trade。1.if the supply of capital increases in nation 1 in the production of commodityOnly，the VM ply curve shifts up，and w rises in both industries . some labor shiftsTo the production of y，the output of y rises and the output of x falls，r falls，andPx/Py is likely to rise。2.capital investments tend to increase real wages because they raise the k/L ratio and the productivity of labor。technical progresstends to increase k/l and real wages if it is l-saving and to reduce k/l and real wages if it is k-saving。Multiple-Choice Questions1.dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in :A.factor endowmentsB.技术C.tastes*d. all of the above2.doubling the amount of l and k under constant returns to scale :A.doubles the output of the l-intensive commodityB.doubles the output of the k-intensive commodityC.leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*d. all of the above .3.doubling only the amount of l available under constant returns to scale :A.less than doubles the output of the l-intensive commodity* b . more than doubles the output of the l-intensive commodityC.doubles the output of the k-intensive commodityD.leaves the output of the k-intensive commodity unchanged4.the rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling l at consta