2020届高考英语二轮专题复习 语法十、名词性从句

2020;2020届高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法十、名词性从句诊断与对策.选择括号内的词填空1.These are questions _ (that/which)，understandably，are very often asked. (2020;2020江西阅读D)2.Howards idea was _ (which/that) a group of people should set up a company，borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside，far enough from existing cities to make sure _ (which/that) the land was bought at the bottom price. (2020;2020江西阅读C)3.It never occurred to humans until the mid1990s _ (that/what/which) some animals can be cloned.4.I will give this dictionary to _ (who/whoever) can win the first prize in the English contest.5.We are discussing _ (if/whether) we should close the ship.单项填空1.The reason _ he didnt come is _ he was ill.A.why；that B.that；whyC.why；because D.why；what解析第一空填入的连词引导的是定语从句，修饰the reason，故用why；第二空是表语从句，从句中不缺少主要成分，故填that。2.The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A.what B.howC.that D.why解析填入连词引导宾语从句，从句中名词problems缺少定语，故填what，what terrible problems作从句中动词face的宾语。3.I dont like _ when you shout at me.A.that B.it C.this D.any解析动词like后面不能直接跟从句，需要用it作形式宾语再跟真正的宾语从句。4.I am satisfied _ should be done has been already done.A.what that B.whatC.that what D.that解析satisfied后面从句中包含两个主语结构，故有两个从句，所以需要有两个连词，故排除B、D两项，且has been的主语是_ should be done，为主语从句且缺少主语，故先填入连词what引导主语从句，其后才是that引导的宾语从句，所以答案为C。5.Is it，in your opinion，possible _ new measures will be taken to improve the terrible traffic？A.whether B.whatC.when D.that解析句意为：在你看来，采取新的措施改善糟糕的交通是可能的吗？it为形式主语，后面的从句为真正的主语，且从句中不缺少句子成分，故D项正确。备考策略1.分析句子成分，正确选择连接词。高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在正确选择引导从句的连接词上。熟悉各类连接词的特点，正确分析句子成分是做对题的关键。2.了解从句特点，掌握名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的区别和联系。3.what在名词性从句中的使用以及和that的区别、it作形式宾语的情况、whether和if的用法区别等是考查的重点。考点与考题考点一正确选择引导名词性从句的连接词连接词的特点：1.that：没有意义，在从句中不担任成分，只起着连接主句和从句的作用。2.whether，if：有意义(译为“是否”)，但在从句中不担任成分。3.what，which，how，where，when，whatever等：有意义，在从句中担任成分。选择连词时，要先分析句子，看看句子是否缺成分，缺少什么成分，再根据上述连词的特点作出选择。考题印证1._ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. (2020;2020北京，22)A.Which B.WhatC.That D.Whom解析填入的连词引导主语从句，且从句中缺少动词offer的宾语，故选择what引导主语从句同时在从句中作宾语。2.There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. (2020;2020上海，35)A.what B.if C.how D.that解析“_ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.”是同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故选择不担任成分的that来引导同位语从句。3.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.(2020;2020上海，38)A.why B.that C.which D.what解析介词of后为宾语从句，且从句中动词understand缺少宾语，故选择D项引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语。考点二that不可省的几种情况1.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的that一般不可省。2.有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略。3.如果that引导的宾语从句之前有一个别的连接词引导的从句，则that不可省略，否则句型结构及句意都会发生变化。4.如果that引导的宾语从句中含有主从复合句，那么that不可省略。5.that引导的宾语从句被短语、词组等与谓语分隔开时that不可省。1.他说他已读完了这本小说，想再借一本。(翻译)He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.2.他说的话都是错的，我对此感到惊讶。(翻译)Im surprised that what he said was all wrong.考题印证1.Having checked the doors were closed，and _ all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A.why B.that C.when D.where解析句意为：检查完门已关好并且灯都熄灭之后，这个男孩才打开门来到卧室。having checked后有两个宾语从句，因为句意完整不缺少成分，故用that引导。第一个从句中that可省，但第二个that则不可省略。2.Im afraid I have to give it up.Dont be discouraged.Remember _ sticks to his work will succeed one day.A.anyone B.whoC.whoever D.that whoever解析remember后面的从句中有两个主谓结构，故需要两个连词，that引导宾语从句， whoever引导主语从句作动词will succeed的主语，此时that不可省略。3.World AIDS day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away，and _ there are many things still to be done.A.which B.whatC.that D./解析考查有多个宾语从句时，第二个和以后的从句中的that不能省略。that HIV has not gone away，and that there are.是remind的两个并列宾语从句。考点三同位语从句和定语从句的区别1.从被修饰词上区别：同位语从句前的名词中是idea，fact，news，hope等有一定内涵的名词；定语从句前的名词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。2.从性质上区别：同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性的；定语从句是对其先行词进行修饰或限制，属于形容词性的。3.从引导词上区别：某些引导词如how，whether，what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句；而which能引导定语从句却不能单独使用引导同位语从句。4.从引导词在句子中所作的成分区别：that在定语从句中必须作成分，指物时有时可用which代替，作宾语时可以省略；而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不作任何成分，不能省略，也不能用which代替。引导词when，where，why虽在两种从句中都作成分，但引导定语从句时，前面的名词应分别表示时间、地点、原因；在同位语从句中则不然。判断下面两句是同位语从句还是定语从句：1.The news that he heard is true.定语从句2.The news that he was killed is true.同位语从句考题印证1.Samuel survived when the car _ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree. (2020;2020上海春)A.where B.that C.as D.why解析句意为：当塞缪尔所乘的车脱离公路撞到树上时，他从中脱险幸存了下来。_ he was a passenger in是定语从句，修饰先行词the car；从句中介词in缺少宾语，故用that引导。2.News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A.which B.what C.that D.where解析that引导同位语从句，说明news的内容。为了保持句子平衡，本题中同位语从句与修饰的名词news被came from the school office分隔开了。3.Of one thing I am certain _ hard work contributes to good results.A.as B.which C.what D.that解析该句的正常语序为：I am certain of one thing that.，that引导的是同位语从句。考点四关于名词性从句应注意的几个问题1.介词后面一般不接that引导的宾语从句，此时需要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。You may rely on it_that he will come in time.你放心好了，他会准时来的。2.某些动词如：enjoy，hate，have，hide，like，love，appreciate，take等后面不能直接跟宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语，再把从句放到后面。Legend has it_that Fuji arose in a night.传说富士山是一夜之间出现的。3.reason作主语，表语从句只能用that引导，不能用why或because引导。4.动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中时，其后的宾语从句常用that作连接词；用在肯定句中时，连接词用whether或if皆可，而不用that。名词doubt用在肯定句中时，一般用whether引导同位语从句。There is some doubt whether (if/whether/that) she will come tomorrow.(选词填空)5.whether引导所有名词性从句，能用作介词宾语从句；用在discuss，decide后引导宾语从句；可和or not直接连用。在上述三种情况下不能用if。6.“whever”既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；“no matter wh”只能引导让步状语从句，可和“whever”互换。I dont know whoever can share both my joys and sorrows.(改错) whoeverwho考题印证1.I was close to being killed the other day.A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A.as B.which C.that D.what解析此句是what引导的宾语从句。what在从句中作主语，I thought是插入语。介词后不跟that引导的宾语从句，C项错误；句中无先行词，不是定语从句，B项错误。2.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this B.that C.it D.one解析like后面一般不直接跟宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(when从句)放到后面。3.The reason I am angry is _ he hasnt written to me for a long time.A.why B.that C.how D.because解析句意为：我生气是因为他很久没有给我写信了。the reason后的表语从句只能用that引导，不能用why或because引导。4.There is no doubt _ John will come on time.A.if B.why C.that D.how解析doubt用于否定句中时，常用that引导从句。5.I am worried about _ she has had an operation _ her throat.You have to see her as soon as possible.A.that；in B.if；in C.whether；on D.where；on解析首句句意为：我担心她是否对喉咙动了手术。介词后不能接if引导的宾语从句；“对动手术”，用have an operation on.。6.Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please？A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever解析whoever既作了to的宾语，又作“is in charge of International Sales please”的主语。whoever作代词，等于any person who/the person who“任何人，无论谁，的人”。题点与题组命题点正确选择引导名词性从句的连接词1.The old man was so angry and spoke so fast that none of his children understood _ he said meant.A.that that B.what what C.what D.that解析第一个what作meant的宾语；第二个what作said的宾语。2.