【顶尖学案】2020届高考英语 Unit8　Adventure 北师大版必修3

2020届高考英语顶尖学案：北师大版 Unit 8Adventure探险核心词汇1The house needs _(较大的)repairs.2I dont suppose they wanted any _(额外的)help.3Good novels broaden your h_.4They reached an _(调和；和解)with neighboring countries.5They c_ me by their conflicting advice.6There is a small q_ of water left in the bottle.7Her son was filled with a_ to become a great inventor.8The week of the flood was an a_ time for all of us.9. The _(类似；相似)between the two reports suggests that one person wrote both.10The mother was filled with a_ about her daughters health.11Everyone arrived late at the party for v_ reasons.12She reaches the limit of her _(耐心)easily because she is very _(没有耐心的)with students who cannot follow her.1.major2.extra3.horizons4.accommodation5.confused6.quantity7.ambition8.anxious9.similarity10.anxiety11.various12.patience；impatient高频短语1_起飞2_ 就在此刻3_ 出现，到场4_ 使理解(某事)5_ (坏事)突然发生，爆发6_ 坚持(某种)说法7_ 损坏，不能运转8_ 继续做某事9_ 决定不履行(允诺的事)10_ 颠倒地，倒置地11_ 为了(某一目的)12_ 轮流13_ 关进监狱14_ 在途中15_ 用完，耗尽1.take off2.right now3.turn up4.get across5.break out6.stand by7.break down8.carry on9.back out10.upside down11.in order to12.in turn,13.put into prison14.on ones way15.run out of重点句式1And our porters carry your luggage，_ means that you can simply enjoy the experience.有搬运工为你搬运行李，这意味着你能尽情享受旅行。2The hike costs 2,500 _ all flights and accommodation旅行费用为2500英镑，其中包括所有机票和食宿。3I decided to _ bungee jumping and now I _ really _ it.我决定参加蹦极运动，现在我特别喜欢这项运动。4Marco，_，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。5Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were _ true.尽管人们喜欢读他的书，但是很多人认为马可讲的关于中国的故事太离奇了，令人难以置信。6_ the total darkness of the polar winter.接下来极地冬日的全部黑暗时期到来了。7I cant stand _ boring sports.我无法忍受做乏味的运动。1.which2.including3.take up；am；into4.in turn5.too fantastic to be6.Then came7.doing知识详解1 .differvi.不同于，区别于(回归课本P23)How do the tourists differ from local people?游客与本地人有什么不同？(怎样区分游客与本地人？)归纳拓展例句探源The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character.那对双胞胎兄弟外表相似，但性格却相差很大。This book differs from that one in the writing style.这本书和那本书的写作风格不同。1用differ的适当形式填空(1)My husband has several shirts of _ colors.答案：different(2)It does make a _ to us whether we can speak English fluently.答案：difference(3)The conditions of our classroom have _ from what you saw five years ago.答案：differed(4)Boys and girls may behave _.答案：differently2 .anxiousadj.忧虑的，担心的(回归课本P23)From that moment they started to feel anxious and they slept badly that night.从那时起他们开始感到忧虑并且那晚他们失眠了。归纳拓展Helen is anxious about travelling on her own海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。Peggy is anxious to show that she can cope with extra responsibility.佩吉急切地想表明她能承担额外的职责。2Our parents always get a little bit_if we dont manage to arrive when we say we will.AeagerBanxiousCpatient Dearnest解析：选B。D项意思为“真诚的”。句意：当我们没有在我们所说的时间到达时，我们的父母总是很焦虑的。3 .riskvt. 冒的危险n. C，U危险，风险(回归课本P116)What makes people risk their lives to do them？是什么促使人们冒着生命危险去做它们呢？归纳拓展risk ones life冒生命危险risk doing sth.冒险做某事at risk有危险，冒风险at the risk of冒之险；不顾之风险at risk to 冒着伤及的危险run risks(run the risk)冒险take a risk(take risks)冒险(2020年高考上海卷)The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.在太阳风景达到最高峰期间太阳黑子的数量最多，这种风险是很大的。He risked his life when he saved the child from the fire.他冒着生命危险把孩子从火中救出。Weve been advised not to risk travelling in these conditions.我们受到忠告，在这种条件下不要冒险出行。例句探源3If your race car isnt insured，you may_losing everything when it hits something solid.AdelayBdenyCavoid Drisk解析：选D。delay耽搁，延误；deny否认；avoid避免；risk冒的危险。根据题意可知，D项正确。4Take an umbrella with you.You cant risk_a rainAbeing caught in BcatchingCto be caught in Dcaught解析：选A。risk后面接doing，因此排除C、D两项；be caught in为习惯搭配，意为“遇上，突然遭受”，因此选A。句意：你还是带把伞吧，不要冒着被雨淋湿的危险。4 .amazevt.使大为吃惊，使感到惊愕(回归课本P26)Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.马克也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。归纳拓展an amazing discovery/success惊人的发现/成功be amazed at/by sb./sth.对某人/某事物感到惊讶be amazed to see/find/learn.惊异地看到/发现/获悉It amazed sb.that.让某人惊诧的是to ones amazement令某人大为惊奇的是in amazement惊愕地Visitors were amazed at the achievements in the car manufacture of the city during the past decade.参观者对这城市过去十年中汽车制造工业的成就感到惊奇。We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.我们很惊异地发现竟没有人受伤。(2020年高考天津卷)“Im just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.”“我只是很惊讶你在这么多年之后还仍然保留着放铅笔和便条纸簿的木架。”例句探源5用amaze的适当形式填空(1)The _ news _ all the people present.答案：amazing；amazed(2)It was _ that he was taken away by the police.答案：amazing(3)Much to my _，the amazing news making all the people _ was created by a little boy.答案：amazement；amazed5 .confusevt.混淆，弄乱；使困惑(回归课本P26)He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.人们用来当燃料的黑色石头使他感到困惑。归纳拓展【温馨提示】confused指人“感到困惑的”，而confusing指物“令人困惑的”。例句探源(朗文P309)Dont give me so much informationyoure confusing me.别跟我说那么多消息，你都要把我搞糊涂了。(2020年高考上海卷)Finally，have I included too many unnecessary details that may confuse readers?最终，是不是我包含了太多的使读者迷惑的不必要的细节？6Shes left a very _ message on my answerphone.I cant understand what she wanted to say.AconfusedBconfusionCconfusing Dconfusedly解析：选C。句意：她在我的电话答录机上留下了一个含糊不清的留言。我不明白她要说什么。confused指人“感到困惑的”，常用来修饰人，说明人的“状态”。confusing指“令人困惑的”，常修饰物，说明物的性质特征。根据句意C项正确。6 .quantityn量，数量(回归课本P27)He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.他去了一个城市，在那里铁被大量生产出来。There is a large quantity of rice on the floor.地板上有许多大米。The shop is selling secondhand bikes in quantity.这家商店大量销售二手自行车。例句探源7As a result of destroying the forests, a large_of desert_covered the land.Anumber；hasBquantity；hasCnumber；haveDquantity；have解析：选B。“a great/good deal of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；plenty of, a lot of，lots of, a great(large/small)quantity of后跟可数名词时谓语动词用复数；后跟不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。7 .preparationn准备；预备(回归课本P28).both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.两个队都筹建食物储存处，为下一年的旅行做准备。归纳拓展So you want to get to the classroom earlier to make some preparation?所以你想早点去教室做准备？The third book in the series is in preparation now.丛书的第三册现在正准备出版。The whole class is working hard preparing for the exams.全班都在用功地准备考试。例句探源8Have you been thankful for the preparations she _ for the party?AhadBmadeCdid Dtook解析：选B。make preparations for是固定短语，意为“为做准备”，把名词preparations提前，she made for the party为定语从句，修饰preparations。9Whats the terrible noise over there?They _ for a crazy party.Ahave prepared Bare preparingCprepare Dwill prepare解析：选B。由答句句意：他们正在为那个疯狂的晚会做准备。可知应用现在进行时。8 .distantadj.远处的；久远的；疏远的，不友好的，冷淡的；远亲的(回归课本P28)Later，these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past the Antarctic was covered by plants.后来，这些石块证实：在远古时代，南极洲地区曾经被植物覆盖。归纳拓展例句探源(牛津P579)The time we spent together is now a distant memory.我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。(牛津P580)Their life seemed utterly distant from his own他们的生活与他自己的生活似乎完全不同。10用distant的适当形式填空We used to be close friends，but now we are _.He often keeps me at a _.答案：distant；distance9 .observevt.& vi.观察；遵守；庆祝；评述，评论(回归课本P30)Airconditioned vehicles for observing animals.观察动物的装有空调的交通车辆。归纳拓展例句探源(朗文P1035)Did you observe anything unusual in his behaviour?你注意到他的行为有什么不寻常吗？His neighbor observed a stranger enter his house and take away some valuables.他的邻居看见一个陌生人进入他家，拿走了一些贵重物品。He was observed to pass by the store in a hurry.有人发现他从商店旁边匆匆而过。11完成句子(1)那位专家花了两年时间观察这动物的日常活动。The expert spent two years _ the animals daily activities.答案：observing(2)出国时你应该遵从当地风俗。You should _ _ _ _ when you go abroad.答案：observe the local customs(3)你能说说中国人怎样庆祝春节吗？Can you say something about how the Chinese _ _ _ _？答案：observe the Spring Festival10 .take off脱下(衣、帽、鞋等)；起飞；动身，离开；减去(回归课本P116).especially when you take off!尤其是当你起飞的时候！归纳拓展take apart 拆开take down 拆卸，拆毁；记下，录下take over 接任，接管，接收take to sb./sth. 喜欢，亲近；沉湎于；养成习惯take up 拿起；占据；对有兴趣例句探源In an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water.他立刻脱下大衣跳进了水里。When do you know Yao Ming took up basketball?你知道姚明什么时候开始打篮球的吗？Our manager has left，so Peter will take over his job.我们的经理走了，彼德将接任他的工作。12结合下列句子，翻译出画线部分take off的不同含义(1)He took_off his raincoat and took out the key.()答案：脱下(2)The plane will take_off soon()答案：起飞(3)He took two weeks off in August.()答案：休假(4)Her singing career took_off after her TV appearance.()答案：突然大受欢迎、迅速流行11 .turn up出现，到场；开大(音量、水等)(回归课本P25)When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.我第一次站在台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但我的朋友们说服了我去克服它。归纳拓展turn against反对turn down拒绝；调低o.(使)变成；翻译成turn off/on关上/打开(收音机、电灯等)turn over使翻转；移交turn to翻到，转到；向求助turn out在场；出席；生产；结果是，原来是The letter turned up among the waste paper that I was going to throw away.那封信是在我准备扔掉的废纸里找到的。The police investigation hasnt turned up any new evidence.警方调查没有发现任何新的证据。例句探源13None of us expected the chairman to _ at the party.We thought he was still in hospital.Aturn inBturn overCturn up Dturn down解析：选C。考查turn短语辨析。句意：我们当中没有人预料到主席会出现在晚会上。我们都认为他还在住院。turn up“出现，到场”；turn in“上交”；turn over“翻转，移交”；turn down“拒绝；关小”。故选C。14According to the report，farmers should _ better farming methods to get a higher grain productionAturn to Bturn downCattend to Dtake over解析：选A。考查动词词组辨析。句意：根据报告，农民应该转向更好的农耕方法来获得谷物的高产量。turn to转向；turn down调小，拒绝；attend to照看，处理；take over 接管。12 .back out决定不履行(允诺的事)；食言；退出(回归课本P25).I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.我试图退出，可我的朋友说服了我去克服它。归纳拓展back away向后退，退缩，躲开back down放弃(观点，意见，要求等)；承认(错误)；认输back off后退；不再逼迫(某人)做(考虑)某事back up支持，证实(朗文P110)The waiter backed away from the table，bowing slightly.这个服务员从桌旁向后退，欠身鞠了个躬。(朗文P110)When presented with the evidence，the suspect backed down拿出证据后，疑犯终于认罪了。Once you have given your words，dont try to back out.一旦答应了人家，就不要食言。例句探源15You promised to helpyou mustnt _ now.No，I wont.Apick outBback outCmake out Dtake out解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：你答应帮忙了，你决不能不履行诺言。不，我不会不履行的。pick out“挑出”；back out“决定不履行(允诺的事)”；make out“辨认出，了解”；take out“带出去”。故选B。13 .get across使理解(某事)；使明白，表达，通过(回归课本P25)Its difficult to get across how exciting it is!很难表达那是多么令人激动！归纳拓展例句探源Hes not very good at getting his ideas across.他不善于表达思想。If everyone keeps in line，well get through the customs more quickly.如果大家都遵守秩序，我们会很快通过海关。She seemed to have got over her distress.她似乎摆脱了她的悲痛心情。16(2020年高考浙江卷)After that，he knew he could _ any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.Aget away withBget on withCget through Dget across解析：选C。本题考查与get相关的短语辨析。get away with侥幸逃脱；get on with与友好相处；get through接通，顺利通过，完成；get across被理解，越过。句意：经过那件事之后，他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。17介、副词填空(1)As soon as I got to the office，I got down _ all this work.答案：to(2)Would you get the washing _？Its going to rain答案：in(3)It took a long time to get _ to the workers the way the system worked.答案：across(4)The next time I saw him he had got _ his anger and disappointment.答案：over14.break down损坏，不能运转；击倒；失败；失去控制；把分解(回归课本P28)First，his two sledges broke down，and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。归纳拓展break out (坏事)突然发生；爆发break away (from)逃脱；挣脱；脱离break in闯入；打断；插嘴break into闯进；开始做；打断break off停止；断绝(关系)；中断(讨论)；折断；使断开break through冲破；突破break up打碎、粉碎；使(关系)破裂；终止；制止，驱散；放假break with与绝交；与决裂；破除，改变例句探源(牛津P234)The sun broke through at last in the afternoon下午太阳终于拨云而出。The peace talks are said to have broken down据说和谈破裂了。Dont break in when the adventurer is telling his own story.当冒险家在讲他自己的经历时，别打断他。The thief broke off the rope and ran away.那个小偷挣脱了绳子，逃走了。The crowd started to break up when the night fell.天黑时人群开始散开了。18I was still sleeping when the fire_，and then it spread quickly.Abroke outBput outCcame out Dgot out解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我仍在睡觉时，突然发生了大火，接着它迅速蔓延。break out突然发生；put out扑灭；come out泄露，出版；get out逃离。19The computer system_suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.Abroke down Bbroke outCbroke up Dbroke in解析：选A。句意：当他在网上搜寻信息时，电脑系统突然不能运转。break down损坏，不能运转；break out爆发；break up拆开，打破；break in闯入。15 .run out of用尽，用光，耗尽(回归课本P28)The men were soon exhausted and were running out of food.人们很快就精疲力尽而且粮食也都用光了。易混解析run out，run out of，use up三个词组都意为“用完了”。(1)run out为不及物动词短语，主语为物，不能用于被动语态。(2)run out of为及物动词短语，主语为人。(3)use up为及物动词短语，主语为人。Food in the flooded area ran_out fast since more and more people became homeless.They have used_up their money.20She has _ the money saved by her mother，which _ in a bank for her educationAran out of；had putBrun out；have putCrun out of；was putDrun off；was put解析：选C。句意：她已经花完了她母亲所攒的钱，即那笔存在银行的她的教育经费。第一空应填run out of，此处run为过去分词。第二空根据句意应用被动语态。故选C。16 .stand by坚持(某种)说法；站在旁边；袖手旁观；遵守(回归课本P26)But Marco always stood by his tales.但是马克总是坚持他所讲的故事是真的。归纳拓展例句探源There were no seats left so I had to stand up.没有座位了，所以我只好站着。Yao Ming stands out in the crowd.在人群中姚明很显眼。21结合下列句子，翻译出stand by的不同含义(1)Im willing to stand_by anything Ive promised.()答案：遵守，恪守(2)We can not stand_by and allow such a thing.()答案：袖手旁观，无动于衷(3)Ill stand_by you whatever happens.()答案：支持句型梳理1【教材原句】I cant stand_doing_boring_sport