北京市海淀区2020届高考英语 完形填空和阅理暑假自练（4）

北京市海淀区2020届高考英语 完形填空和阅理暑假自练（4）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。You know how wonderful you are，and you know that others know how wonderful you are，but what do you do when admiration crosses over the line into jealousy？For most teens there will come a day when you realize that one of your friends is jealous and that this jealousy is hurting your friendship.When this happens it can seem like there is nothing that you can do，but the good news is that there is.Dont let jealousy spoil your relationships.Tackle it head on and you might be back to normal much sooner than you think.It can be hard to walk up to a friend and ask them what the problem is，but if you want to save your friendship youll have to do just that.Dont approach them and ask why they are jealous of you (unless of course you want to appear totally conceited)，just take some time alone with them and let them know that youve been feeling like theres been something coming between you.If they refuse to respond，then use the opportunity to explain how you have been feeling.Chances are that something you say will strike a nerve and your friend will open up as well.When you figure out what is annoying your friend，ask him or her what (s)he thinks would make the situation better.If，for example，(s)he says that (s)he feels like (s)he doesnt get to spend any time with you because of your being off with your new friends from the swim team then maybe you could invite her along the next time or block off one day a week for just the two of you.Remember，though，that whatever solution you decide on should be a compromise.Dont limit your own talents or opportunities simply because your friend is unhappy.Try instead to include him or her in your new life and see how that works out.Even the best of friendships can be tinged by jealousy.This destructive emotion is rarely productive and can turn best friends into worst enemies.Before taking extreme action，chat with your jealous friend to see if the two of you can work out a compromise.If you cant，be prepared to know exactly how far you will go to keep your friend and how far you wont.【语篇解读】 本文是关于人际关系的话题。尤其是青少年朋友之间会因为嫉妒而使相互间的友谊被破坏，本文着重讲述如何处理被朋友嫉妒及处理过程中可能遇到的困难。1According to the author，the jealousy emotion is _.Anormal BproductiveCdestructive Dextreme解析细节理解题。由第一段第二句.that this jealousy is hurting your friendship.可知。答案C2Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to confront your friend when jealousy happens?AWalking up to him/her and asking him/her why he/she is jealous of you.BWalking up to him/her and asking him/her what the problem is.CSpending some time with him/her and letting him/her know how you feel.DSpending some time with him/her and letting him/her know you think theres something coming between you.解析细节理解题。由第二段第二句Dont approach them and ask why they are jealous of you可知。答案A3What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?ATheres always a solution to solve the problem of jealousy.BJealousy can turn best friends into worst enemies.CYou may lose a friend to keep your own gifts，chances or selfdevelopment.DYou should go a long way with your friend to work out a solution解析推理判断题。答案C4The purpose of the passage is _.Ato explain what causes jealousyBto offer some advice on making friendsCto introduce the way to cope with a jealous friendDto explain how destructive the jealous emotion is解析作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文的写作目的是介绍处理有嫉妒心朋友的方法。答案C.【四川省2020高考英语仿真模拟试题】完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从11-30各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳答案。A group of graduates got together to visit their old university professor. They talked about the 11 topic happiness. But soon their conversation turned into complaints about 12 in work and life.To offer his guests coffee, the professor went to the kitchen and 13 with a large pot of coffee and a variety of 14 plastic, glass, metal, porcelain(陶瓷), some plain-looking, some very 15 . The professor told his students to help themselves to hot coffee.When all the students had a cup of coffee in 16 , the professor said: “If you have noticed, all the nice-looking 17 cups were taken, leaving behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is 18 for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the 19 of your problems and stress.” The professor continued, “Believe that the cup itself adds no 20 to the coffee. In most cases it is just more expensive and in some cases it even 21 what we drink. What all of you 22 wanted was coffee, not the cup, but you consciously went 23 the best cups. Now 24 this: life is coffee, the jobs, money, and 25 in society are the cups which are just tools to hold and 26 life, and the different types of cups we have dont decide, nor 27 the quality of life. If we concentrate only on the cups, we will 28 to enjoy the coffee in it. So dont let the cups 29 you.enjoy the coffee instead.”At these words, the graduates looked at each other in 30 embarrassment.11. A. hotB. sensitiveC. famousD. easy12. A. payB. joyC. experienceD. stress13. A. cookedB. tookC. returnedD. met14. A. cupsB. giftsC. platesD. drinks15. A. commonB. specialC. rareD. delicate16. A. orderB. timeC. handD. place17. A. prettyB. differentC. colorful D. expensive18. A. necessaryB. normalC. goodD. possible19. A. situationB. answerC. resultD. source20. A. qualityB. energyC. weightD. color21. A. makesB. givesC. hidesD. includes22. A. finallyB. reallyC. especiallyD. nearly23. A. forB. withC. intoD. to24. A. thinkB. discussC. tryD. consider25. A. positionB. relationC. workmatesD. friends26. A. createB. supportC. containD. own27. A. damageB. determineC. changeD. increase28. A. comeB. stopC. haveD. fail29. A. driveB. holdC. takeD. control30. A. quietB. speechlessC. amazingD. reasonable完形填空 (共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分)11-15 ADCAD 16-20 CDBDA 21-25 CBADA 26-30 CCDAB完形填空 专题4说明文型完形填空专题导读说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨、句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。二是事理(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。说明文完形填空的具体特点：(1)开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。真题典例2020上海卷 The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing _1_.What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the outoftown previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering，_2_ revising.Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantomopened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had _3_several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber _4_ some of the music because the Phantoms makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in _5_ to your evolving purpose, or to include _6_ ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment._7_， it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.Even your decision to _8_ topicswhile prewriting is a type of revising.However，dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows _9_.Always make time to become your own _10_and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak.Reviewing your work in this way can give you _11_ new ideas.Revising involves _12_ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present.When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose _13_ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the _14_ that is, facts, opinions, inferencesthat they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many _15_ details that may confuse readers?()1.A.techniqueBstyle Cprocess Dcareer()2.A.in particular Bas a resultCfor example Din other words()3.A.undergone Bskipped Crejected Dreplaced()4.A.rewrote Breleased Crecorded Dreserved()5.A.addition Bresponse Copposition Dcontrast()6.A.fixed Bambitious Cfamiliar Dfresh()7.A.However BMoreover CInstead DTherefore()8.A.discuss Bswitch Cexhaust Dcover()9.A.drafting Brearranging Cperforming Dtraining()10.A.director Bmaster Caudience Dvisitor()11.A.personal Bvaluable Cbasic Ddelicate()12.A.mixing Bweakening Cmaintaining Dassessing()13.A.amazing Bbright Cunique Dclear()14.A.angles Bevidence Cinformation Dhints()15.A.unnecessary Buninteresting Cconcrete Dfinal【解析】修改是作品写作过程中非常重要且必需的步骤。文章讲述了作品修改的目的和途径。1C参照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However，dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage”。technique意为“技术”；style意为“风格”；career意为“事业，生涯”，都不符合题意。2D前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering都是revising的方面，in other words意为“换句话说”，符合题意。in particular意为“尤其，特别”，表强调；as a result意为“因此”，表结果；for example意为“例如”，表举例说明；都不符题意。3A人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了(undergo)多次修改，与上文的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”对应。skip(跳远)、reject(拒绝，抵制)、replace(取代)都不符合题意。4A动词release(释放，赦免，发行)，record(记录，录音)，reserve(保留，预订)都不符合题意。动词rewrite表示“重写，修改”，与动词revise同义，与本篇话题相关。5B介词短语in addition to表示“而且，除之外还有”；in opposition to表示“与的意见相反”；in contrast to表示“与形成对比”，都与本题不符。in response to(作为对的反应)在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品的一种回应”。6Dfresh ideas 与后面的newly discovered information对应。7C副词moreover(而且)类似于but also，表递进含义；副词however然而，表转折关系；instead作为“替代，反而”，表相反含义；therefore因此，表原因。由语境可知选C。8Bswitch topics(变换标题)属于修改作品的一部分。动词discuss(讨论)、exhaust(使筋疲力尽)、cover(覆盖，包含)都不符题意。9Arearranging(重新安排)、performing(表演)、training(培训)都与题意不符。由上文可知选drafting，意为“起草，草案”。10C名词audience(观众)与下句view your dress rehearsal对应。名词director(导演)、master(主人，大师)、visitor(来访者)都与题意不符。11B形容词valuable表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有价值的新信息”。形容词personal(个人的)、basic(基本的)、delicate(娇贵的、纤弱的、精美的)都与题意不符。12D句意表示“修改包括评价作品所有方面的有效性和适当性”。故选D。13D形容词clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰”，与下文confuse readers对应。形容词amazing(令人惊讶的)、bright(明亮的，聪明的)、unique(独特的)都与题意不符。14Cfacts，opinions，inferences都属于information，故选C。15Aunnecessary details表示“不必要的信息”，句意表示不必要的信息反而使读者困惑、误导读者。形容词uninteresting(单调的，乏味的)、concrete(具体的)、final(最终的，决定性的)都与题意不符。阅读理解。Students and Technology in the ClassroomI love my Blackberryits my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop computer，as it holds all of my writing and thoughts.Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these device(设备) and truly communicate with others.On occasion，I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas.Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom，I have a ruleno laptops, iPads, phones, etc.When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. Theres a bit of truth to that.Some students assume that I am antitechnology. Theres no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and to make connections between course material and the class discussion.Ive been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create.Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.Im not saying that I wont ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change，Im sticking to my plan. A few hours of technologyfree d