【顶尖学案】2020届高考英语 BookⅠ Unit 10 The world around us大纲人教版

2020届高考英语顶尖学案：大纲版 Unit 10The world around us我们的地球核心词汇1The_(环境的)problems caused by the local industry have threatened the peoples normal life.2This is one of the most_(有价值的)lessons I have learned.3Its_(有害的)to your eyes to read in the bus or in the sun.4When he moved to Canada，the children _(适应)to the change very well.5The government has promised to take_(措施)to help the unemployed.6Students and faculty are working toward a _(共同的) goal.7The victims parents read a _(简洁的) statement to the press.8I invited her to dinner but she did not_(回答)9用attract的适当形式填空：(1)The company is starting a new advertising campaign to_new customers to its stores.(2)The forbidden city is a major tourist_，which is one of the most _places Ive been to.10用devote的适当形式填空：Although the working mother is very busy，she still _a lot of time to her children.I respect her_to her children.Her son，to whom she is so_，will go abroad in a few days.1.environmental2.valuable3.harmful4.adapted/adjusted5.measures/mon7.brief 8.respond9.(1)attract(2)attraction attractive 10.devotesdevotiondevoted高频短语1_砍倒；减少2_ 在危险中；垂危3_ (物种、家族、习惯、观念等)灭绝；逐渐消失4_ 作为(的)结果5_ 导致；(道路)通向6_ 采取措施7_ 适应(新环境等)8_ 有关系；有影响；紧要9_ 捡起；搭车；习得；染上(坏习惯等)；恢复；好转10_ 献身于；专心于11_ 扔掉12_ 释放1cut down2.in danger3.die out4.as a result5.lead to6.take measures7.adapt to8.make a difference9.pick up10.devote.to11.throw away12set free重点句式1We human beingscould_survive_all the plants and animals around us.没有周围的动植物，我们人类就无法生存。2If we want to live _and have a bright future，we must learn to act_that do not harm other living things.如果我们想过较好的生活并有光明的未来，我们必须学会避免伤害其他生物。3They are all used to their environment；_，they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.他们都习惯了他们的环境，也就是说，他们知道如何在自己的栖息地成功地生活。4There_where pandas can live.大熊猫生存的空间剩下的不多了。5We often talk about how important it is to take good care of ourselves and our planet，but we dont always _.我们常常谈到照顾好我们自己和我们的星球是多么的重要，但是我们不总是按照说的做。1.not；without2.a better life；in ways3.that is4.are few areas left5.do as we say知识详解1measuren尺寸；措施；标准vt.测量；估量vi.量；有长(或宽、高等)【教材原句】(P66)If we know more about what causes endangerment，we may be able to take measures before it is too late.假如我们更多地了解致使生物濒危的原因，就能够及时采取补救措施。(1)vt.测量，测度；衡量She works hard and doesnt measure the cost to her health.她工作勤恳并不考虑身体代价。(朗文P1279)You cant measure someone by the clothes they wear.你不能以衣着来衡量一个人。(2)n.尺寸；标准；措施即境活用1完成句子一个人拥有多少财富往往被用来衡量一个人成功的标准。How much wealth a person has is often used _ a persons success.答案：as a measure of2adaptvt.使适应，使适合；改编，改造vi.适应【教材原句】 (P66)When the habitat of a species is changed or destroyed，the animal or plant has to either adapt to the change or find a new home.当一个物种的栖息地被改变或被破坏时，这个物种要么必须适应这种改变，要么寻找新的家园。(1)使适应，使适合adapt /adjust(oneself) to使自己适应或习惯于adapt sth.to使某事物适应或适合(牛津P22)It took him a while to adapt/adjust himself to his new surroundings.他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。(牛津P22)We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.我们不得不迅速适应新制度。(2)改造，改编，改写(牛津P22)Three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的长篇小说有三部已被改编成电视节目。The movie was adapted from a novel.这部电影是根据小说改编而成的。adaptable adj.可适应的，可改编的adaptation n.适应；改编本思维拓展(牛津P22)Successful businesses are highly adaptable to economic change.成功的企业对于经济转变的适应能力很强。即境活用2.(2020年高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they_very easily to new environments.AadaptBappealCattach Dapply解析：选A。句意：孩子们的一个很好的优势就是他们很容易适应新的环境。adapt to适应；appeal to呼吁；attach to附属于；apply to向申请。3.Many animals and plants，which couldnt_the sudden change of the climate，died out.Dinosaurs are one such example.Asuit to Bkeep toCget to Dadapt to解析：选D。adapt to指“习惯、适应于”，to为介词。3commonadj.常见的；普通的；共同的；平常的；寻常的【教材原句】 (P68)Professor Stevenson explained to the students that the milu deer had been very common in China a long time ago.史蒂文森教授向学生解释说，很久以前麋鹿在中国很常见。思维拓展(牛津P394)We are working together for a common purpose.我们在为一个共同的目标一起工作。(牛津P394)Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women in this country.乳腺癌是这个国家妇女中最常见的一种癌症。(朗文P394)Today it is common practice to let children choose their own topics for writing.现在让孩子们自己选择写作的题目已成为惯例。Although they are sisters，they have nothing in common.尽管她们是姐妹，她们却没有相同之处。In common with many boys，he likes to play football.跟许多的男孩子一样，他喜欢足球。即境活用4Whoever has_sense knows that smoking is harmful to peoples health.Anormal BgeneralCordinary Dcommon解析：选D。句意：任何有常识的人都知道吸烟有害健康。common sense常识。4respondvi.回答；响应【教材原句】 (P69)Scientists who know a lot about the environment say that we should “Reduce，Reuse，Recycle and Respond”熟悉环保的科学家说，我们应该“节减，回收再利用，回报自然”。(1)回答，回应，表示“对作出回答”时，要用介词to，常用结构为respond to sb./sth.(with sth.)。She responded to my letter with a phone call.她收到我的信，给我回了个电话。She responded to my question with a smile.她用微笑回答了我的问题。(2)对(药物等)有良好反应She responded quickly to the medicine.她吃上药后很快有所好转。in response to响应，反应make no response不回答make a quick response to对作出很快的反应be responsible for对负责思维拓展(牛津P1699)I knocked on the door but there was no response.我敲了门，可是没有回应。即境活用5(2020年宁夏银川一中月考)Eventually，the President had to leave office _ public pressure in order to ease the tension of the situation.Ain favor of Bin response toCin return for Din honour of解析：选B。in response to表示“作为的回应”，即总统被迫辞职，以作为对公众压力的回应。其他几项不合题意。in favor of表示“赞同”；in return for表示“作为的回报”；in honour of表示“为纪念”。5devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于【教材原句】 (P68)Professor Stevenson，who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer，gave a talk to Chinese college students in Beijing.史蒂文森教授专心致力于保护麋鹿，在北京为中国的大学生作了一次讲演。思维拓展Im devoting all my time and energy to caring for my son right now.目前我把所有的时间和精力都放在照顾儿子上。He devoted his whole life to studying the cure of cancer.他的一生都在研究癌症的治疗。Her son，to whom she is so devoted，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small village.她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。(牛津P548)His devotion to his wife and family is touching.他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。即境活用6Mr.Brown，who_to the cause of teaching，is a teacher with many years_Adevoted；experienceBis devoted；experienceCdevotes himself；experiencesDis devoted；experiences解析：选B。献身于，奉献于，可以使用devote oneself to；也可以使用be devoted to；experience此处作“经验”解，是不可数名词。6as a result of由于原因【教材原句】 (P65)As a result of.由于(牛津P1702)She died as a result of her injuries.她由于受伤而死亡。About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.20世纪90年代约有2100万人死于吸烟。as a result结果，因此without result毫无结果，徒劳result from.因而引起result in (cause)导致；致使思维拓展(牛津P1702)He made one big mistake，and，as a result，lost his job.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。However，pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress.但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。His carelessness resulted in the terrible accident.他的粗心大意导致了可怕的事故。He has tried very hard to find a job，until now without result.他努力找工作，但直到现在仍毫无结果。即境活用7(2020年高考全国卷)Jenny nearly missed the flight_doing too much shopping.Aas a result of Bon top ofCin front of Din need of解析：选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于购物花费时间太多，詹妮差点错过航班。as a result of作为的结果；on top of在之上；in front of在前面；in need of需要。7lead to通向；导致【教材原句】 (P65)It will lead to.将会导致Hard work leads to success and failure often lies in laziness.辛勤工作通向成功，失败在于懒惰。A reward has been offered for information leading to the arrest of the thieves.已公开悬赏线索，以便将窃贼绳之以法。思维拓展lead the way带路；示范lead sb.to do sth.致使某人做某事lead a.life过的生活With the boy leading the way，we had no difficulty in finding your house.由这个男孩带路，找到你的家我们没困难。The worsening global economic crisis is leading more and more people to lose their jobs.日益恶化的全球性的经济危机使得越来越多的人失业。I lead a quiet/happy life in the country.我在乡下过着宁静/幸福的生活。即境活用8.We firmly believe that war never settles anything.It only_violence.Aruns into Bcomes fromCleads to Dbegins with解析：选C。句意：我们坚信战争永远不能解决任何事情，它只能导致暴力。run into撞上，偶然碰见；come from来自；lead to导致；begin with以开始。9.Once we have made a plan，all of us should _ it，whatever happens.Aadd to Bstick toClead to Drefer to解析：选B。该句意为：“一旦我们制定了计划，不管发生了什么，我们都应该坚持。”8make a big difference有很大影响/关系【教材原句】 (P67)Even small things can make a big difference.甚至很小的事情也能起很大的作用。As a matter of fact，your support and trust often make a great difference.事实上，你的支持和信任往往很重要。(1)make a/some/much/little/no difference to对有/一些/很大/很小/没有影响(2)differ from与不同；不同意(某人意见或某人)differ in在方面不同,differ with sb.与某人意见不同(3)be different from与不同思维拓展It doesnt make much difference whether he will come or not tomorrow.他明天来不来没有多大影响。(牛津P553)Age shouldnt make any difference to whether you get the job or not.你能否得到这个工作与年龄无关。(牛津P552)Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。即境活用10Does it make any_he accepts or refuses the invitation?Adifference that Bdifference whetherCdifference if Ddifference解析：选B。make any difference有关系，有影响；句中it作形式主语，whether引导主语从句作真正主语，whether与or呼应，不可用if，也不可省略。9die out灭绝；(风俗，习惯等)逐渐消失【教材原句】 (P66)Many of the earths plants and animals have already died out，and several other species are endangered.地球上许多动植物已几乎灭绝，不少其他的物种也濒临灭绝。(1)绝种，灭绝As a result these endangered animals may even died out.结果这些濒临灭绝的动物甚至会消亡。(2)熄灭The fire died out in the end.火最后终于熄灭了。(3)(风俗，习惯等)逐渐消失Many old customs are dying out.很多古老的习俗正在消失。die away减弱，淡化die down逐渐减弱、降低die off相继死去思维拓展With the plane disappearing in the distance，the noise is dying away.随着飞机在远处消失，它发出的噪音也渐渐消失了。The fire is dying down.火势正在渐渐地变弱。即境活用11Although the wind has_，the rain remains steady，so you still need a raincoat.Aturned up Bgone backCdied down Dblown out解析：选C。句意：虽然风停了，但是雨还在下，因此你要带上雨衣。die down平息；turn up出现，到来；go back回来；blow out吹出。句型梳理1【教材原句】(P66)If we want to live a_better_life and have a bright future，we must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things.如果我们想过较好的生活并有光明的未来，我们必须学会避免伤害其他生物。【句法分析】(1)a better life一种美好的生活，形容词比较级前用不定冠词，后接可数名词单数，a或an虽然表示泛指，但在特定语境中表示最高级的概念。He went to the USA in search of a better life.为寻找更好的生活他去了美国。I have never heard a better song.我从来没听过比这好听的歌。(2).that do not harm other living things是限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词ways，其中的that是关系代词，在此作定语从句的主语，不可省略。I dont like the way he speaks to me.我不喜欢他跟我说话的方式。I dont understand the way they worked out the problem.我不理解他们解决问题的方式。We decided to finish our work in a way which/that was effective.我们决定以有效的方式完成我们的工作。即境活用12.(2020年东城第一学期检测)After two years careful study，we now have a_better understanding of the cause of the problem.Avery