服务器类型优缺点

三种服务器类型结构的优缺点人们一般按机架式、塔式和刀片式，这三种结构来划分服务器。它是以服务器的外形来划分的，其原因是它应用于不同的环境。下面还是具体的说明三种服务器的区别。一、塔式服务器优点：塔式服务器它的外形以及结构都跟我们平时使用的立式PC差不多，由于服务器的主板扩展性较强、插槽也多出一堆，所以个头比普通主板大一些，因此塔式服务器的主机机箱也比标准的ATX机箱要大，一般都会预留足够的内部空间以便日后进行硬盘和电源的冗余扩展。由于塔式服务器的机箱比较大，服务器的配置也可以很高，冗余扩展更可以很齐备，所以它的应用范围非常广，应该说目前使用率最高的一种服务器就是塔式服务器。缺点：目前常见的入门级和工作组级服务器基本上都采用这一服务器结构类型，不过由于只有一台主机，即使进行升级扩张也有个限度，所以在一些应用需求较高的企业中，单机服务器就无法满足要求了，需要多机协同工作，而塔式服务器个头太大，独立性太强，协同工作在空间占用和系统管理上都不方便，这也是塔式服务器的局限性。不过，总的来说，这类服务器的功能、性能基本上能满足大部分企业用户的要求，其成本通常也比较低，因此这类服务器还是拥有非常广泛的应用支持。二、机架式服务器优点：作为为互联网设计的服务器模式，机架服务器是一种外观按照统一标准设计的服务器，配合机柜统一使用。可以说机架式是一种优化结构的塔式服务器，它的设计宗旨主要是为了尽可能减少服务器空间的占用，而减少空间的直接好处就是在机房托管的时候价格会便宜很多。很多专业网络设备都是采用机架式的结构（多为扁平式，就像个抽屉），如交换机、路由器、硬件防火墙这些。机架服务器的宽度为19英寸，高度以U为单位（1U=1.75英寸=44.45毫米），通常有1U，2U，3U，4U，5U，7U）几种标准的服务器。机柜的尺寸也是采用通用的工业标准，通常从22U到42U不等；机柜内按U的高度有可拆卸的滑动拖架，用户可以根据自己服务器的标高灵活调节高度，以存放服务器、集线器、磁盘阵列柜等网络设备。服务器摆放好后，它的所有I/O线全部从机柜的后方引出（机架服务器的所有接口也在后方），统一安置在机柜的线槽中，一般贴有标号，便于管理。缺点：机架式服务器因为空间比塔式服务器大大缩小，所以这类服务器在扩展性和散热问题上受到一定的限制，配件也要经过一定的筛选，一般都无法实现太完整的设备扩张，所以单机性能就比较有限，应用范围也比较有限，只能专注于某一方面的应用，如远程存储和Web服务的提供等。三、刀片服务器优点：刀片服务器是一种HAHD（High Availability High Density，高可用高密度）的低成本服务器平台，是专门为特殊应用行业和高密度计算机环境设计的。适用于数码媒体、医学、航天、军事、通讯等多种领域。其中每一块“刀片”实际上就是一块系统主板。它们可以通过本地硬盘启动自己的操作系统，如Windows NT/2000、Linux、Solaris等等，类似于一个个独立的服务器。在这种模式下，每一个主板运行自己的系统，服务于指定的不同用户群，相互之间没有关联。不过可以用系统软件将这些主板集合成一个集群服务器。在集群模式下，所有的主板可以连接起来提供高速的网络环境，可以共享资源，为相同的用户群服务。在集群中插入新的“刀片”，就可以提高整体性能。而由于每块“刀片”都是热插拔的，所以，系统可以轻松地进行替换，并且将维护时间减少到最小。值得一提的是，系统配置可以通过一套智能KVM和9个或10个带硬盘的CPU板来实现。CPU可以配置成为不同的子系统。一个机架中的服务器可以通过新型的智能KVM转换板共享一套光驱、软驱、键盘、显示器和鼠标，以访问多台服务器，从而便于进行升级、维护和访问服务器上的文件。 服务器种类划分 1.按应用层次划分为入门级服务器、工作组级服务器、部门级服务器和企业级服务器四类。 (1)入门级服务器 (2)工作组级服务器 (3)部门级服务器 (4)企业级服务器 2.按服务器的处理器架构（也就是服务器CPU所采用的指令系统）划分把服务器分为 CISC架构服务器、RISC架构服务器和VLIW架构服务器三种。 (1)CISC架构服务器 (2)RISC架构服务器 (3)VLIW架构服务器 3.按服务器按用途划分为通用型服务器和专用型服务器两类。 (1)通用型服务器 (2)专用型服务器 4.按服务器的机箱结构来划分，可以把服务器划分为“台式服务器”、“机架式服务器”、“机柜式服务器”和“刀片式服务器”四类。 (1)台式服务器 (2)机架式服务器 (3)机柜式服务器 (4)刀片式服务器Advantages and disadvantages of three types of server structurePeople are generally based on rack, Tower and blade, these three structures are classified servers. 它Was divided to form factor of the server, the reason for this is that it applies to different environments. Here is a description of the specific differences between three servers.First,Tower ServerAdvantages: Tower type server it of shape and structure are with we usually using of vertical PC almost, due to server of boards extended sexual strong, and slot also more out a heap, so head than General boards large some, therefore Tower type server of hosts chassis also than standard of ATX chassis to large, General will reserved enough of internal space to future for hard drive and power of redundant extended.Due to the large tower server chassis, server configuration can be very high, redundant extension can be very ready, so its very wide range of application, it should be said that the highest rate currently in use is a server Tower Server.Shortcomings: currently common of started level and working group level server basically are used this a server structure type, however due to only a Taiwan hosts, even for upgrade expansion also has a limits, so in some application needs higher of enterprise in the, single server on cannot meet requirements has, needs more machine collaborative work, and Tower type Server head too large, independence too strong, collaborative work in space occupies and system management Shang are does not convenient, this is Tower type server of limitations. However, in General, this type of server functionality, performance, can basically meet the requirements of most business users, which usually costs relatively low, so this type of server is also has a very broad application support.Second, theRack serverAdvantages: model as a design for the Internet Server, rack server is a skin designed according to the uniform standards of the server, with the uniform use of the Cabinet. Can say that the rack is a Tower Server with optimized structure, its design purpose was mainly occupied in order to minimize the server space, and reduce the direct benefit of space is in the room managed prices are much cheaper.Many professional network equipment rack structure (mostly flat, like a drawer), such as switches, routers, hardware firewalls. Width of rack servers to 19 inches, height to u for units (1U=1.75 inches =44.45 mm), usually 1-u,2U,3 u,4 u,5 u,7U ) Of several standard server. Cabinet dimensions are also a common industry standards, usually from 22U 42U ranging Cabinet press u height of detachable slip trailers, elevation flexible height adjustment of the user can according to their own servers, storage servers, hubs, network devices, such as disk array Cabinet. When placing the server, its all I/O lines all derived from the rear of the Cabinet (rack servers for all interfaces in the rear), consolidated placed in line for Cabinet slots, typically affixed with labels, and ease of management.Shortcomings: machine frame type server because space than Tower type server greatly narrow, so this class server in extended sexual and thermal problem Shang was must of limit, accessories also to after must of filter, General are cannot achieved too full of device expansion, so single performance on comparison limited, application range also comparison limited, only focused Yu a while of application, as remote store and Web service of provides,.Third, theBlade ServerAdvantages: blade servers are a HAHD(High Availability High Density, high availability high density) of low-cost server platforms are specifically designed for special application fields and high density computing environment. Applies to digital media, medical, aerospace, military, communications and other fields. Each piece of blade is actually a system board. They can start their own local hard drive the operating system, such as Windows NT/2000, andLinux, andSolaris , and so on, similar to individual servers.In this mode, each Board runs its own systems, services to specify different user groups, there is no correlation between each other. But you can use these boards to form a cluster server system software. In cluster mode, all the boards can be connected to provide high-speed network environments, you can share resources, cluster service for the same user. Insert a new cluster blades , you can increase overall performance. And because each piece of blades are hot-pluggable, so the system can be easily replaced, and will minimize maintenance time. It is worth mentioning that, system configuration through a suite of intelligent KVM and 9 or 10 of a hard drive CPU boards to achieve. CPU can be configured into different subsystems. A server in the rack passes new intelligent KVM conversion Board sharing a single optical drive, floppy, keyboard, monitor and mouse to access multiple servers, so as to facilitate upgrades, maintenance, and access files on the server. Server types 1. broken down by application level for entry-level servers, workgroup servers, departmental servers, and enterprise-class ser