控压钻井设备-哈里伯顿.ppt

ManagedPressureDrilling(MPD)TechnologyOverview控压钻井技术,GeoBalanceTMMANAGEDPRESSUREDRILLINGSYSTEM,Feb112009,PresentationOutline,MPDIntroduction控压钻井技术介绍JobDesign控压作业MPDEquipment控压钻井工具Communication控压钻井团队RigSiteProcedures控压钻井操作程序Casehistories控压钻井实例,ImportanceofHSE,Ifitcantbedonesafely.Itwontbedone,GlobalWellOperatorIssues,HighlydeviatedwellconditionsBoreholestabilityproblemsWellcontrolwhiledrillingNarrowdrillingmarginsDepletedReservoirsRiskofsticking,expensivefishingjobsandsidetracksShallowflowwatersands,IntroductiontoMPDTechnology控压钻井技术介绍,AdvantagesofMPD控压钻井技术应用效应,ImprovedROPandreduceddrillingtime改善钻速和减少钻井时间Improvedsuccesswithdrillingnarrowpressuremargins钻井狭窄压力窗口Reducedwellborebreathing,influxesandlostcirculation减少的井筒呼吸，成功应付井侵和失返Improvereservoirproductivitybydecreasingamountofoverbalanced保护油气层不受破坏Improvedwellborequalitybyminimisingwellborecollapse减少井口崩溃,“Adaptivedrillingprocessusedtopreciselycontroltheannularpressureprofilethroughoutthewellbore.Theobjectivesaretoascertainthedownholepressureenvironmentlimitsandtomanagetheannularhydraulicpressureprofileaccordingly”.(IADC),ManagedPressureDrillingDefinition,ManagedPressureDrillingOperations,Controllingpressureintheannulus控制井口压力NotanewconceptTechniquehasbeenusedfordecadesWhenusedwhiledrillingwithconventionallywithstandardequipmentWellcontrolevent井控情况下ControlBHPbyapplyingback-pressureatsurface通过地面加回压控制井底压力Closed-loop(BOPisclosed)闭环（防喷器关闭)Circulationisthroughachoke通过节流阀循环,GeneralComparisonofdrillingmethods钻井方法对比,PassiveMPD(hydrostaticmudweightalwaysaboveporepressure)被动控压钻井（泥浆静液柱压力总是高于地层压力）MPDusedasasafetysystem控压钻井作为一种安全体系RotatingControlDevice(RCD)旋转控制设备ManualChoke(RigChokeforUSlandwells)手动节流设备（用于美国陆上井的节流设备）ActiveMPD(hydrostaticmudweightslightlyaboveorsometimesbelowporepressure)主动控压（泥浆静液柱稍高于或有时低于地层压力）MPDbeingusedtowalktheline使用MPD“压线走”E.g.narrowporepressuretofracpressurewindow如地层压力和破裂压力之间的窗口很窄RCDwithchangeoutsystemlikeadditionalBOPs增加旋转控制设备Manualchokewithcontinuouscontrolorautomatedchokesystem手动节流，连续控制或自动节流系统BackpressurepumpsystemforconstantBHP回压补偿泵，保持井底压力不变,MPDOperations控压作业,Mud-capdrilling(withunderoroverbalancedfluid)泥浆帽钻井（欠或过平衡）Usuallyuseforfracturedlimestonesorgranites通常用于裂缝性灰岩或花岗岩Drillingwithlostreturns失返钻进Mayhavepartiallevelinannulus环空有部分液面,MPDOperations控压作业,RCD,PLCControlledDRILLINGCHOKEMANIFOLD,MUDtoPITS,MudPits,PUMP,ECDequaltoorslightlygreaterthanporepressure,ManagedPressureDrillingBasicOverview,HydraulicsModellingCirculatingatTD水力参数模拟套管鞋处循环模拟,MPDEquipmentMajorComponents,RCD旋转控制头Autochoke,ControlPanelandPLC自动节流管汇,程序逻辑控制器系统BPP(Back-PressurePump)回压泵DataAcquisitionandControlSystem数据采集系统DrillstringFloatsandSubs(NRVs)钻柱止回阀PWD随钻测压,旋转控制头TheRCD5000,WhatareRCDs,RotatingControlDevicesareannularpressurecontroltoolsdesignedforstrippingtubularsindrillingapplications.RCDscomplementtheRigsBOPstack.RCDsdonotreplaceBOPelements!,WhenShouldanRCDbeUsed?,ThefollowingapplicationsareidealforRCDuse:ManagedPressureDrillingUnderbalancedApplicationsKickControlSevereLossCirculation(Loss/KickCycle)HighPressureWellsExplorationWells,Level4AutochokeSkid自动节流管汇,AutochokeControlDisplay,BackPressurePump回压泵,PWD,DownholeEquipmentforMPD止回阀,NRVFloatSubs;Non-PortedFloats;Bleed-offtool,MPDKickDetectionandControl,Easytodetectsmallinflux更容易检测小的井侵Increaseback-pressureimmediatelyandSTOPinflux能够立即增加回压,阻止井侵ContinuousdatafromPWD能够通过PWD获得连续的井内数据AbletoaccuratelydetermineminimumBHPrequired能够精确确定所需的最小井底压力.Cancontinuedrillingorcirculatewhilepreparingheaviermud准备重泥浆时,能够继续钻进或循环,MPDLossDetectionandControl,Easytodetectsmallloss更容易检测到微小漏失Decreaseback-pressureinstantlyandSTOPlosses能够立即减少回压，停止漏失ContinuousdatafromPWD能够从PWD中获得连续的井内数据.AbletoaccuratelydeterminemaximumBHPpossible能够精确确定最大可能的井底压力Cancontinuedrillingorcirculatewhilepreparinglightermud,orLCMmud当准备低密度泥浆或者堵漏泥浆时,能够持续钻进或者保持循环Cankeepdroppingback-pressuretominimizelosses(withinoperationallimits)能够通过降低回压,减少漏失(在操作范围内),OnsiteMPDTeam&Communications,DrillSiteSupervisor,RigCrew,RigManager/Toolpusher,MPDSupervisor,Driller,MPD/DASEngineer,PWDEngineer,MPDOperators,RCDSupervisor,OperationalProcedures操作程序,Connection接单根程序Tripping起下钻程序RCDSealingElementChangeOut旋转控制头密封件更换程序NRVBleedOff止回阀泄压程序,ContingencyProcedures应急程序,PluggedChoke节流阀和管线堵塞PluggedCoriolisMeter流量计堵塞NRVandDrillStringFailures止回阀或钻柱失效EmergencyPressureTrapping紧急境况下加压,PowerFailure(buthaveindependentgenerators,withredundancy)动力失效（控压钻井系统的动力是由独立的发电机提供的，失效情况基本不存在）DrillersDogHouseGuides/emergencyinstructions司钻房操作指南,DynamicMPDWellControl动态井控SurfaceEquipmentFailure地面设备失效,GeoBalance:OptimizedCaseHistoryNorthAmerica,Challenge,Tectonicallystressedformation,narrowcollapse/fracturepressurewindow,mudloss,stuckpipe.,Solution,Results,ADTanalysisofevent,Rt-WellboreIntegrity,hydraulicsmanagementwithconstantbottomholepressurecontrol.,Drilledtoreservoirwithnofurtherproblem.SetcasingandbeganUnderbalancedDrilling,sellingwhiledrilling.,GeoBalance:SigmaServiceCaseHistoryMexico,Challenge,Solution,Results,GeoBalanceSpecialtyDrillingFluiddesign,BottomHolePressurecontrol