欧洲英文介绍

SchonbrunnPalaceVIE,SchnbrunnPalacewithitssurroundingbuildingsandthehugeparkisoneofthemostsignificantculturalmonumentsinAustria.ThecastlewasbuildtorivalFrenchVersaillesinBaroquebeautyandimportancebutHouseHabsburglackedfundstooutdoitsrivallingnationFrance.InearliertimesitservedassummerresidencetovariousHabsburgrulers.,EmperorFranzJoseph(ruled1848-1916),whowasbornherein1830,spentthelastyearsofhislifeentirelyinSchnbrunn.In1918,thepalacebecamethepropertyofthenewrepublic.Duetothishistoricalimportance,itsbeautifullocationanditsgardensthispalaceisoneoftheverytopsightsinVienna.FurthermoretheentirecomplexwasaddedtotheUNESCOsworldculturalheritagelist.,ViennaOperaHouseVIE,ViennaOperaHouseissituatedinthefristdistrictofViennaatthesouthernendoftheKrntnerstrasse.AugustvonSicardsburgandEduardvanderNllbuilttheStateOperaHousefrom1861to1869.TheViennaOperaHousehasaworld-widereputationforitsfirst-classoperaperformancesandisalsoknownbecauseoftheViennaPhilharmonicOrchestra.AnightattheStateOperaisoneofthemostimpressiveeventsanyvisitortoViennacanexperience.,TheSoundofMusicTour,RelivewithusthetruestoryofthevonTrappfamilywhichwasfilmedastheSoundofMusicintheSalzburgarea.Thetour,whichhasbeenSalzburgsmostpopulartourforover30years,isacombinationofthishistoricalCityitselfandthebeautifulLakesandmountainsarea,alsoafamousmusicalandculturalcentre.WeshowyoutheHighlightsandfilmlocationsoftheSoundofMusicandsomeoftheSoundofChristmas-aspecialityforallenglish-speakingguests.,.TheSoundofMusicTourissomethingnobodyshouldmiss-Ineverdo!MariavonTrapp.,Innsbruck,Covetedbyempiresandrepublicsthroughoutitshistory,InnsbruckwastheseatoftheimperialcourtofMaximilianIbytheendofthe15thcentury.Tramsmakegettingaroundthecityquick,efficientandcheap.ExploretheTyroleancapitalshistoryatArchdukeFerdinandIIs10th-centurySchlossAmbras,theTyroleanFolkArtMuseum,thegrand15th-centuryImperialPalaceandMaximilianIsfamousGoldenRoof.OneofEuropesmostidylliccities,InnsbruckisnestledintheheartoftheAlps.,Salzburg,SalzburgisoneofthesmallerAustrianlandsbutitisoneofthemostimportantforthetourismindustry.OnlyaboutsixpercentoftheAustrianpopulationliveinSalzburgbuttheycontributeabout25percentoftheneteconomicproductofAustria:5millionguests,morethan22millionovernightstays,withalmost189,000bedsavailablefortourists,20,000employeesinthehotelandcateringindustry.,MannekenPisBRU,NewYorkhastheStatueofLiberty,CopenhagenhasthemermaidandBrusselshasthe.MannekenPis.Thisstatueofalittleboyinasomewhatcompromisingpositionhassinceseveralcenturiesbeenamajortouristattractioninthecity.Whenmostpeopleseeourmanneken,thefirstreactionisalwaysoneofamazement:Look,howsmallheis!Whydoeseverybodywanttoseehim?ThepeopleofBrussels,however,accepthimthewayheis.Afterall,itdoesntalwayshavetobebigtobebeautiful.ImaginehewouldbethesizeoftheStatueofLiberty:Brusselswouldbecontinuouslyflooded!,TherearemanylegendsabouttheManneken.Accordingtooneofthemalittleboyhadwateredagainstthedoorofawitchwholivedwherethefountainnowstands.Thewitchwassoangrythatsheturnedthelittleboyintoastatue.Anotherlegendsaysthatamanhadlosthislittleson.Hefoundthechildaftertwodaysneartheplacewherenowthefountainofmanneken-piscanbeseen.Whenthefatherspottedhischild,thelatterwaspeeing.Asatokenofgratitudethefatherhadthefountainwithastatueofapeeingboyconstructed.Ifthesightofmanneken-pisinspiresyoutonewlegends,donthesitatetocontactthecityauthorities!,GrandPalaceBRU,OneofthemostbeautifultownsquaresinEurope,ifnotintheworld,isaphraseoftenheardwhenvisitorsinBrusselstrytodescribethebeautyofthecentralmarketsquare.French-speakersrefertoitastheGrand-Place,whereasinDutchitiscalleddegroteMarkt.Thetouristsofthe20thcenturyarenotaloneintheiradmiration.ArchduchessIsabella,daughterofFilipIIofSpainwroteaboutthesquareduringhervisittoBrusselsonSeptemberthe5th1599:NeverhaveIseensomethingsobeautifulandexquisiteasthetownsquareofthecitywherethetownhallrisesupintothesky.Thedecorationofthehousesismostremarkable.,RedSquareMOW,RedSquarewasestablishedinthe15thCentury,undertheruleofIvanIII,andwasoriginallycalledTrinitySquareaftertheTrinityCathedral,whichusedtostandonthesitewhereSt.Basilsstandsnow.SometimelaterthenameKrasnayaPloschadbecamepopular.Thewordkrasnayaisambiguous.OriginallymeaningbeautifulinoldRussian,itonlycametomeanredinmoremoderntimes.Commonly-heldassumptionsthenthattheRedinRedSquarereferredtoCommunism,bloodspilt-oreventhecolourofthemonuments-areinfactmisplaced!,TheKremlinMOW,TheKremlin,seatoftheRussiangovernmentandhometosomeoftheworldsmostinfamousleaders,ranksalongsideRedSquareandtheHermitageasoneofRussiastoptouristattractions.IvantheGreat,IvantheTerrible,Lenin,Stalin,GorbachevandYeltsinallheldswayhere,andfromwithinthesefortifiedwallstheycasttheirindeliblemarksonthepagesofhistory.,StateHistoricalMuseumMOW,Constructedinthelate19thCentury,theStateHistoricalMuseumsredbrickedwalls,conicalturretsandornatecornicesmakeagrandadditionMoscowsRedSquare.Insidethefrescoedhallsofthevastedifice,allmanneroftreasuresawaittheprospectiveexplorer,includingaretrospectiveofRussianhistory,withartifactsdatingrightbacktoitsNeanderthalbeginnings-checkoutthe5,000yearoldlongboat-plusplentyofglitzandglamfurnishingfromthetheRuskiroyalsandaristocratsofthe19thcentury.Throwinhalfamillionworksoffineartontopofallthatandyouvegotplentytokeepyoubusy!,LeninsTombMOW,LeninsMausoleumalsoknownasLeninsTomb,situatedinRedSquareinMoscow,isthemausoleumthatservesasthecurrentrestingplaceofVladimirLenin.Hisembalmedbodyhasbeenonpublicdisplaytheresincetheyearhediedin1924(withrareexceptionsinwartime).AlekseyShchusevsdiminutivebutmonumentalgranitestructureincorporatessomeelementsfromancientmausoleums,suchastheStepPyramidandtheTombofCyrustheGreat.,BolshoiTheatreMOW,Sinceitsfoundationtowardstheendofthe18thcentury,MoscowscelebratedBolshoiTheaterhasexperiencedaturbulentanddramatichistory.TheforerunneroftodaystheaterwasPrinceP.V.UrussovsPublicOperaandBalletTheater,commissionedbyCatherinetheGreatin1776andfinanciallybackedbytheEnglishmanMichaelMaddox.Thefirstofmanydisastersstruckthetheatrein1805whenfireguttedthebuilding,leavingitbeyondrepairandMaddoxcompletelypenniless.OwnershipofthetheaterwasthentransferredtothestateandMoscowacquireditsfirstImperialTheater.,TivoliCPH,TheamusementparkwasfirstcalledTivoliTivolialludingtotheJardindeTivoliinParis(whichinitsturnhadbeennamedfromTivolinearRome),andVauxhallalludingtotheVauxhallGardensinLondon.Tivolisfounder,GeorgCarstensen(b.1812-d.1857)obtainedafive-yearchartertocreateTivolibytellingKingChristianVIIIthatwhenthepeopleareamusingthemselves,theydonotthinkaboutpolitics.ThemonarchgrantedCarstensenuseofroughly15acres(61,000m)ofthefortifiedglacisoutsideVesterport(theWestGate)attheannualrentof945kroner.Therefore,untilthe1850s,Tivoliwasoutsidethecity,accessiblethroughVesterport.,RosenborgPalaceCPH,RosenborgCastleisasmallcastlesituatedatthecentreoftheDanishcapital,Copenhagen.Thecastlewasoriginallybuiltasacountrysummerhousein1606andisanexampleofChristianIVsmanyarchitecturalprojects.ItwasbuiltintheDutchRenaissancestyle,typicalofDanishbuildingsduringthisperiod,andhasbeenexpandedseveraltimes,finallyevolvingintoitspresentconditionbytheyear1624.,ThecastlewasusedbyDanishregentsasaroyalresidenceuntilaround1710.AfterthereignofFrederikIV,Rosenborgwasusedasaroyalresidenceonlytwice,andboththesetimeswereduringemergencies.ThefirsttimewasafterChristiansborgPalaceburneddownin1794,andthesecondtimewasduringtheBritishattackonCopenhagenin1801.ThecastleisopentothepublicfortoursandhousesamuseumexhibitingtheRoyalCollections,artifactsspanningabreadthofroyalDanishculture,fromthelate16thcenturyofChristianIVtothe19thcentury.Someofthesearticlesoncebelongedtothenobilityandthearistocracy.Thecastle,nowstateproperty,wasopenedtothepublicin1838.,NewHabourCPH,TheCopenhagenharbourareahasgonethroughmajorchangesinrecentyears.Whilstitstraditionalfunctionshavedeclined,newdevelopmentslargelyfocusedoncityfolk,havesprunguptotakecentrestage.Ifyouwanttoenjoythewholeharbouryoumaygetabetterviewfromthewater.Whynothoponboardoneoftheyellowharbourbusesoronasightseeingboatthroughthecanals?OnlandtheCityBikesarefreeofchargeandafinewaytogetaboutthecityanddiscoverinterestingplacesandthingsoffthebeatentrackbutonlywithinthecityramparts.,TheLittleMermaidCPH,TheLittleMermaidstatuewasapresentfrombrewerCarlJacobsen(TheCarlsbergBreweries)tothecityofCopenhagen,madebyathenlittleknownsculptorcalledEdvardErichsen.TheLittleMermaidwasunveiledatLangelinjein1913,aspartofageneraltrendinCopenhageninthosedays,selectingclassicalandhistoricfigurestobeusedasdecorationsinthecitysparksandpublicareas.,PyramidsatGizaCAI,ThesolesurvivoroftheoriginalSevenWondersoftheAncientWorld,theGreatPyramidsofKhafreandMenkaure,alongwithlesserstructures,areCairosshowpieceandanoutstandingattraction.Remarkablefortheirsheersize,incomprehendablefortheageofconstructionandmathematicallybrilliantindesign,theseancientburialstructures,alongwiththefamousguardianSphinx,areamongtheworldsmostenduringtravelicons.,CityoftheDead(NorthernCemetery)CAI,Despiteitseeriesoundingname,thisisoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinthecityofCairo.HometoancienttombstonesaswellasMamlukburials,thisimportantcemeteryislocatedbeneaththeCitadel.SultanQuaitbeybuiltahostelforthehomelessherein1481,anditsbeenusedforthatpurposeeversince.,KhanAl-KhaliliCAI,LocatedintheheartofIslamicCairo,thismarketasbeenoperatingsincetheMiddleAges.Todaytouristsandlocalsalikemingleastheybargainandshopforadiverserangeofgoodsrangingfromunusuallocalspicestoexoticjewelery.SinceyouareamongstconservativeMoslemshere,womenshouldalwaysshowrespectforMuslimculturebycoveringarms,necksandlegswhileshopping.,Paris,France,LocatedalongRiverSeine,Parisboastseleganceandmagnificencewithitsworld-famousattractions.BeholdthesightsofthemajesticEiffelTowerandhistoriccathedralNotreDamedeParis.Parisisalsohometoartgalleries,suchastheLouvrewhichhousesworksofartliketheMonaLisa.ThecitysvibrantcultureemphasizestheatreanddancewithrenownedclassicperformancesstagedinParisconcerthalls.YoucanchoosetotravelaroundParisonthemanytoursavailable.Alternatively,youcantravelitsdiversetransportationnetworkcomprisingofbuses,tramsandtrains.,EiffelTowerPAR,ThisbreathtakinglandmarkwasbuiltfortheUniversalExhibitionof1889tocommemoratethecentenaryoftheFrenchRevolution,andwasopenedbythePrinceofWales,wholaterbecameKingEdwardVIIofEngland.Anoutstandingengineeringachievement,designedbyGustaveEiffel(whoalsodesignedtheframeworkfortheStatueofLiberty)thetowerwasoriginallydislikedbymanyParisians,buthasnowbecomeafamoussymbolofFrenchcivicpride.,ThemostspectacularviewsofParisarewitnessedfromallfloorsoftheEiffelTower.Althoughitstands320metres/1050feethigh,itispossibletowalkpartofthewayupandaroundthisfascinatingmetalstructure.Aliftcompletesthejourneytothetop.Atoweringedifice,whichwastheworldstalleststructureuntil1930,theEiffelTowerisvisitedbysixmillionpeopleayear.,TheLouvrePAR,Thesiteoftheworldslargestandmostdiversecollectionofpre-20thcenturypainting,sculpture,anddecorativeobjects,TheLouvreisdefinitelyoneofParisbestattractions.NotforgettingtheMonaLisaandtheVenusdeMilo,baskintheworksofVermeer,Caravaggio,Rembrandt,andcountlessothermasters.Thepalaceitselfistestamenttoarichhistoryspanningfromthemedievalperiodtothepresent.,NorteDamePAR,NofirsttriptoParisiscompletewithoutavisittothismarvelofgothicarchitecture.OneofthemostsingularandbeautifulcathedralsofEurope,NotreDameCathedralsdramatictowers,spire,stainedglassandstatuaryareguaranteedtotakeyourbreathaway.WitnessfirsthandthespotthatwasoncetheheartbeatofmedievalParis,andthattookover100yearsofhardlabortocomplete.ClimbingtheNorthtowertoseeParisfromthehunchbackQuasimodosvantageisessential,too.YoullsoonunderstandwhyNotreDameisoneofParistopattractions.,ArcdeTriompheandtheChamps-ElyseesPAR,The164-footArcdeTriomphecommissionedbyEmperorNapolonIdoesexactlywhatitwasmadetodo:evokesheermilitarypowerandtriumph.Itwasbuiltinanagewhenleaderserectedmonumentsintheirownhonor,andscaledtotheiregos.ThearchsbeautifulsculpturesandreliefscommemorateNapolonsgeneralsandsoldiers.VisittheArcdeTriomphetobeginorculminateawalkdowntheequallygrandioseAvenuedesChamps-Elyses.Youcanthelpbutfeelgrandyourself.,TownHallFRA,Rmerbergistheoldtownsquare,attachedtotheRmer(theoldtownhall).Likemosttowncentersitisquitepicturesqueandgenerallycharming,andshouldbetheheartofanyexplorationyoudoonfoot.ThemajorityofthecenterwasdestroyedinWWIIbombings,butRmerberghassincebeenlargelyreconstructed.60yearsagotheoriginalswerestillthere,butwhatyouseenowisthereconstructed14thand15thcentury-stylebuildings.Thesquareisamust-see,soofcoursethereweremanytouristswanderingaround.Butitneverfeltoverrunwithtourists,anditalsoseemedlikeagatheringplaceforlocals.Themanycafesandrestaurantsprovideagoodchancetopeople-watch,soitsprobablyagoodplacetorelaxbeforeheadingfortheFrankfurterDomortheHistorischesMuseum.,RomerbergFRA,RomerbergistheheartofOldTownFrankfurt.Itisinthisunevenslightlyslopingfive-sidedsquarethattheoriginalFrankfurtexhibitionswereheldandnewlycrownedemperorspresentedtothepeople.NowadaysitisstillthecenterofpubliceventsrangingfromthehugeChristmasandSummerMarketstothepresentationofsportheroesandthefinishinglineformarathons.Itisalsousedforralliessuchaselectionspeechesandpeacedemonstrations.,BerlinWallSFXitisnowondisplayintheopen-airmuseumoftheAlliedMuseuminBerlin-Zehlendorf.Thecourseoftheformerwallisnowmarkedonthestreetwithalineofbricks.AcopyoftheguardhouseandsignthatoncemarkedthebordercrossingwaslatererectedwhereCheckpointCharlieoncestood.Itresemblesthefirstguardhouseerectedin1961,behindasandbagbarriertowardstheborder.,Overtheyearsitwasreplacedseveraltimesbyguardhousesofdifferentsizesandlayouts(seephotos).Theoneremovedin1990wasconsiderablylargerthanthefirstoneandhadnosandbags.NearthelocationoftheguardhouseistheHausamCheckpointCharlie,aprivatemuseumopenedin1963byRainerHildebrandt,whichwasaugmentedwithanewbuildinginthe1990s.ThetwoSoldiers(oneAmericanandoneRussian)representedattheCheckpointMemorialwerebothstationedinBerlinduringtheearly1990s.,BrandenburgerGate,BER,CommissionedbyFriedrichWilhelmIIinthe1700storepresentpeace,theBrandenburgGatehasbecomeoneofBerlinsmostrecognisableandphotographedlandmarks.Originallybuiltasacustomspost,thegatewasanintegralpartoftheBerlinWallandremainedlockedforthedurationoftheCommunistrule.,WhenthewallthatwasoncetheboundarybetweenEastandWestBerlinwasknockeddown,thegatebecameanimportantsymbolofGermanreunificationanditistheonlyoneoutof18suchgatesthatnowremains.Designedin1791byCarlGotthardLanghans,adetailedsculptureofthebeautifulgoddessVictoryresidesatthetopofthestructure.WhenNapoleonoccupiedBerlinin1806hestolethisstatueandtookitbacktoParis,butitwasreturnedtoitsrightfulhomeagainin1814.WhentheBerlinWallwaserectedin1961thetorbecameasymbolofthedivisionandwhenthewallwasfinallydestroyedin1989,Berlinhelditsmaincelebrationsaroundthebuilding.,OvertheyearstheBrandenburgGatehasbeenthebackdropformanyprotestsandralliesbypoliticalgroupsandnow,aftertwoyearsofrestoration,itstandsmajesticallyinthecentreofBerlin.Itjoinsthetwosidesofthecityandthereisabusyroadunderneathit.InthegatesnorthwingthereistheRoomofSilence(RaumderStille)whereyoucansitinpeaceandquiet,contemplatingthesplendidarchitecture,whichwasinspiredbytheentrancetotheAcropolisinAthens.,SchlossCharlottenburgBER,Thisbeautifullyrestoredpalacewasoriginallycommissionedover300yearsagobythefutureQueenSophieCharlotte.Intheearly19thcenturyextradetailsandinterestingfeatureswereaddedbyKarlFriedrichSchinkel.Insidethepalacethereisasmallcollectionofromanticpaintings.Outside,theSchlossCharlottenburgissurroundedbystunninggardens,whicharewellworthavisit,openingfromdawnuntildusk.,TelevisionTower(Fernsehturm),BER,TheFernsehturmTVtoweristhetalleststructureinthewholeofthecityandfeaturesbothanobservationplatformandalsoarestaurant,whichrevolvesslowly.Thisincrediblytallstructureis368metres/1207feethighandthereisanelevatorthattakesyouupover200metres/660feettoaviewingplatformandtherestaurant.Fromhereyoucanseeallacrossthecityandtherearespectacular,panoramicviews,probablythebestinEastBerlin.Becauseofthesewonderfulviews,therestaurantcangetverybusyandsoreservationsarerecommended.,Bremen,Bremen,withagloriuspastofover1200yearshasmanyheritagebuildingsandtouristattractionsandintheyear2004,itwasdeclaredasaWorldHeritagesitebyUNESCO.Thewellpreservedbuildings,wellmaintainedstreetsandcleansurroundingsamplytestifiesthecitysgloriouspastandculturalheritage.Inthecity,visitorsfindauniqueblendoftraditionalheritageandcosmopolitanatmosphere.,Onegoodthingaboutthecityisthatmanyofthemainattractionsinthecityarelocatedwithinasmallconcentratedarea(theMarketplace)whichisjust10minuteswalkfromtheCentralstation.So,iftouristsplanaveryshortvisit,theycanstillcatchupwithmostofthehappeningsaroundthosetouristattractions.ThebestwaytodiscoverBremenisbywalkingaroundasmostoftheattractionsareconcentratedinjustasmallarea.Butofcoursethereareplacesthatarefarawayandforvisitingthoseoneneedstramsorbuses.,BavarianStateOperaHouse/NationalTheater,Withclassicalarchitectureatitsfinest,theeightcolumnsatthedramaticentrancetotheBavarianStateOperaHousemakethisbuildinginstantlyrecognisable.Builtintheearlypartofthe19thcentury,MunichOperaHouse,orNationalTheatreasitisotherwiseknown,hasbecomeoneofthecitysmostfamousbuildingsandhasneededtoberebuilttwice,followingfiredamageandthebombingraidsofWWII.Today,thisgrandtheatreregularlyfeaturesanarrayofmusicalevents,withthesummerMunichOperaFestivaleachJulybeingadefinitehighlightandoneofthetheatresmainseasonalattractions.,ResidenzPalaceMUC,ForatasteofaffluentroyalGermanlifefromthepast,payavisittothemagnificentResidenzPalace,whereyouwillfindcrownjewels,anoutstandingcollectionofEgyptianartworksandtreasures,andalsoalargeconcerthall.ResidenzPalacedatesbacktotheendofthe14thcenturyandalsofeaturesanumberofattractionswithinthesurroundinggardens,suchasgrottoes,fountainsandformallandscaping.,NewTownHall(NeuesRathaus)MUC,OneofMunichmostfamouscitylandmarks,theNewTownHall(NeuesRathaus)dominatestheareawithitsstrikingarchitecture.LocatedtoonesideofthebustlingMarienplatzandknownforitsGothic-stylefacadeandtalltower,whichisa