高中英语中学英语最常用9个介词的用法（下）专题辅导

高中英语高中英语中学英语最常用中学英语最常用 9 9 个介词的用法（下）个介词的用法（下） 六、in 1.动词+in a)动词+ in。in 在短语中的含义异常丰富：believe in 信任, break in 碎成， bring in 引起；产生；带来, call in 下令收回, fill in 填充,get in 收获, hand in 上缴, involve in 涉及, lie in 在于, result in 导致, share in 共享, succeed in 成功, take in 卷起；订阅, turn in 归还当局。例如： He was so short of money that he had to call in the loans that he had made. 他很缺乏资金，不得不收回所有的款子。 Your failure lies in your laziness. 你失败的原因在于懒惰。 Orders are given to take in sail.已发布收帆的命令。 b)动词+sb./time/money+ in。介词 in 后接（doing）sth.：help sb. in 帮助某 人做某事, spare time/money in 匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in 花 时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in 浪费时间或钱做某事。例如： She offered to help him in the housekeeping when I am not here.她提出， 我不在家时她可以帮助他料理家务。 2. be +形容词+ in。in 表示“在某些方面或穿着”：be active in 活跃于,be absorbed in 专心致志, be busy in 忙碌, be born in 出生于,be concerned in 牵涉, be clothed in 穿着, be disappointed in 对失望,be diligent in 勤于, be experienced in 在有经验, be employed in 任职于,be engaged in 忙碌, be expert in 某方面的专家, be excellent in 在优秀,be interested in 对 有兴趣, be lacking in 缺乏, be rich in 富有,be slow in 迟缓, be successful in 在某方面成功, be skilled in 精于,be strict in 严于, be weak in 弱于。例如： She was completely absorbed in her own affairs. 她完全专注于自己的事务。 More than one person has been concerned in this. 不只一人牵涉到这件事。 3. in +名词。 in 表示“处于某种状态或在某些方面”等意思：in advance 提前, in all 总共，in balance 总而言之，in bed 卧床，in body 亲自，in brief 简明 扼要，in case 万一, in charge 主管，in danger 有危险, in debt 负债, in despair 失望,in force 大量地；有效，in full 全部地, in flower 开花,in general 一般说来,in itself 本身, in love 恋爱, in order 井然有序, in person 亲自,in public 公开地, in progress 有进展, in practice 从实践上看, in rags 穿着破衣, in research 探索, in return 作为报答,in ruins 一片废墟, in short 总之,in theory 从理论上看, in trouble 有麻烦, in tears 眼泪汪汪, in time 及时, in turn 按顺序, in vain 白白地，in view 看得见。 注意下列几个词组中的 in 为副词：check in 到达登记，cut in 插嘴，count in 包括,draw in 时间接近, drop in 顺路拜访, give in 屈服, pour in 源源而来。 七、of 1.动词+of a)动词+of。of 意为“有关，由于”： beg of(sb.)请求某人,complain of 抱怨， consist of 由构成, die of 死于, dream of 梦想, hear of 听说, know of 了 解,speak of 谈及, tell of 讲到, think of 想起, talk of 论及。例如： Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.从来没有人 抱怨我们带来这么多麻烦。 Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen. 二氧化碳由碳、氧两种元素 组成。 b)动词+sb.+of+sth.。其中 of 有“剥夺，有关”之意：accuse of 控告（谴责， 非难）某人, cheat of 骗走, deprive of 剥夺,inform of 汇报, rob of 抢走, remind of 提醒, warn of 警告。例如： He has cheated me of my poverty. 他骗走了我的财产。 They are deprived of their rights as citizens.他们的公民权都被剥夺了。 c)动词+sth.+ of +sb.。介词 of 表动宾关系，后接动作的宾语 sb.：request of 请求(某人做某事), require of 要求得到。例如： All I request of you is that you should come here early.我唯一的请求就 是希望你早点来。 You have done all the law requires of you.你做的这一切都是法律对你的要 求。 2. be +形容词+ of。of 后接表对象或目标的词，这类短语有很多： be aware of 觉察, be ashamed of 以为耻, be afraid of 担心,be bare of 没 有, be careful of 小心, be clear of 还清债务,be certain of 确信, be composed of 由构成, be envious of 嫉妒,be forgetful of 健忘, be fond of 喜欢, be free of 免于；摆脱, be full of 充满, be guilty of 认罪, be hopeful of 抱有希望,be informed of 汇报, be impatient of 对无耐心, be jealous of 嫉妒,be made of 用制成, be mindful of 留意, be proud of 以 为骄傲,be sick of 烦于, be short of 缺乏, be sure of 确信, be tired of 困 于,be worthy of 值得。 3.of+名词构成的词组：of age 成年, of choice 精选的，of course 当然,of late 最近，of name 有名的，of oneself 自动地，of purpose 有意地，of use 有 用，of values 有价值的。 八、on 1.动词+on a)动词+ on。介词 on 表示“凭借，产生某结果，接通”等意思：act on 对有作 用, bring on 促使；导致, call on 拜访某人,count on 依赖, carry on 执行, depend on 取决, feed on 以为生,figure on 料想；推断, go on 继续,have on 穿着, insist on 坚持,keep on 继续, lean on 依赖, live on 以为生, pull on 迅速穿上,put on 穿上, switch on 接通（电源）, take to 喜欢；养成；轻易 学会，turn on 接通（电源）, work on 操作, wait on 侍候。例如： This kind of medicine acts on the heart. 这种药对心脏有好处。 The fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天气促使庄稼长势良好。 We count on you to help. 我们有赖你的帮助。 b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。on 的意思是“以，对，在某方面”： base on 以为基础, congratulate on 恭贺, fix on 固定, have mercy on 怜悯, have pity on 怜惜, keep watch on 监视, spend on 把时间、精力花在某方面。 例如： Theory should be based on practice. 理论联系实际。 Congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你竞赛获得成功。 2.be+形容词+on 的词组：be dependent on 依赖, be hard on 对某人苛刻,be impressed on 对印象深刻, be keen on 渴望, be strict on 对严格。例如： We cant just be dependent on our parents. 我们不能只依赖父母。 He is keen on going abroad. 他渴望出国。 3.on+名词构成的词组：on 表示处于某种状态或在某个方位：on board 乘（车,飞 机）,on call 听候召唤, on duty 值班, on earth 到底, on fire 着火, on foot 步行，on guard 在岗，on hire 雇用，on holiday 度假，on leave 休假，on ones knees 跪下,on ones way 在的路上,on purpose 故意, on sale 待售， on shore 在岸上,on time 准时, on the move 行动, on the other hand 另一方 面, on the spot 当场,on the tip of ones tongue 快要说出口, on top of 在的顶部，on watch 值班。 九、to 1.动词+to a)动词+ to。介词 to 意为“达到，指向”等：adjust to 适应, attend to 处理； 照料, agree to 赞同, amount to 加起来达，belong to 属于, come to 达到, drink to 为干杯，get to 到达, happen to 发生在某人身上, hold to 紧握, lead to 通向, listen to 听, occur to 想起, object to 反对, point to 指向, respond to 回答, refer to 参考；指的是；涉及, reply to 回答, see to 负 责,stick to 坚持, turn to 求助, write to 给某人写信。例如： She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的 生活。 Business has to be attended to. 有事要办。 An idea occurred to me. 我想出一个办法。 b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列动词不能直接带间接宾语 sb.，要接间接宾语时须在 动词后加介词 to：announce to 通知某人, describe to 向某人描述, explain to 向某人解释, express to 对某人表达, mention to 提及, nod to 向某人点头, report to 报告, say to 告知, shout to 对某人大叫, suggest to 对某人提建议, speak to 与某人交谈, talk to 跟某人谈话, whisper to 和某人低声耳语。例如： She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.她跟我 向委员会推举了一两个合适的人选。 c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.。此时介词 to 可译成“到，于，给”等意思： add to 增加, compare to 比作, carry to 运送至, devote to 致力于,introduce to 介绍给, invite to 邀请参加, join to 连接到, leave to 委托给,reduce to 下降至, sentence to 判处, take to 带到。例如： Please add a piece of candy to coffee. 请给咖啡加块糖。 Poets like to compare life to stage. 诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。 2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to。to 的意思是“对”：be alive to 觉察；晓得, be attentive to 注意；留心, be awake to 知晓, be blind to 缺乏眼光,be close to 紧挨着, be common to 对某人来说很普通, be contrary to 违反；反对, be devoted to 致力, be deaf to 不愿意听, be equal to 有的力量,be exposed to 暴露；遭受, be fair to 对公平, be familiar to 对某人来说熟悉, be grateful to 对某人心存感激, be good to 对有好处, be harmful to 对 有危害,be important to 对重要, be kind to 友好对待, be k