高考英语 重难点语法讲解-虚拟语气（通用）

虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did, had）主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.与过去事实相反的假设If +主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.与将来事实相反的假设If+主语+were to+动词原形If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.if省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)如果你有100万元，你会做什么？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadnt got your help)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句)I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (独立主格结构)习题1. If my lawyerhere last Saturday, heme from going.A. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, would preventD. were, would have prevented2. If itfor the snow, wethe mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbedB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD. had not been, could climb3. Without electricity(电) human lifequite difficult today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be4. I didnt see your sister at the meeting, if she, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken6. He hesitated(犹豫) for a moment before kicking(踢) the ball. Otherwise hea goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored7. right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. If she leavesC. Were she to leaveD. If she had left8. Had he worked harder, hethe exam.A. must have got throughB. would have got throughC. would get throughD. could get through9. He must have had an accident, or hethen.A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC. should be hereD. would be here10. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not beingB. Had it not beenC. Without beingD. Not having been11. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise wehim.A. would have calledB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. had telephoned虚拟语气(2)虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有: ask要求, advise, beg, suggest建议, command命令, demand要求，request请求, insist, require要求, order下令, propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer宁愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide决定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开教室。He insisted that she do it right now. 他坚持她马上就做。在It is/was +上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off 在It is /was necessary, important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必须按时到达那儿。在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that从句中It is a pity that you fail the exam.It is no wonder he be late for class.练习题1.I insist that a doctor immediately.A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for2.The manager of the hotel requests(要求) that their guests(客人们) after 11:00 p.m.A. not to play loud music B. shouldnt play loud music C. dont play loud music D. couldnt play loud music3.Mikes uncle insists in this hotel.A. staying not B. not to stay C. that he would not stay D. that he not stay4.It was essential(重要的) that the application forms(申请表) back before the headline(截止日期).A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent5.It is necessary the dictionary immediately.A. that he will return B. that he returned C. that he return D. that he has to return6.It is proposed(建议) that the matter(事情，事件) discussed at the next meeting.A. will be B. was C. would be D. be7.It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios after 11 oclock at night.A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play8.We are all for your proposal that the discussion .A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off9.I dont think it advisable(明智的，可取的，适当的) that Tom to the job since he has no experience.A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned10.It is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library back before the deadline(截止日期).A. be sent B. would be sent C. were sent D. must be sent11.He insisted that his father with them.A. go B. will go C. will be going D. went12.The workers demanded() that their wages() by 20 percent.A. raised B. raise C. should have been raised D. be raised13.At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge over the river.A. be built B. must be built C. was to be built D. had to be built虚拟语气(3)虚拟语气的其他用法在wish后面的宾语从句中对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时I wish I were a little younger.我希望我能够年轻一点。对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)或“would/could+现在完成时”I wish I had been there. 我真希望我当时在那里。I wish I had not attended that party. 我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”I wish he could explain what he means.在if only感叹句中表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop. (对将来的虚拟)但愿雨能停。If only I were taller. (对现在的虚拟)我的个子要是能高一点就好了。If only I had followed your advice! (对过去的虚拟)要是我听从了你的建议就好了！在as if/as though引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时I really dont like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好像是我爸爸。表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 他不停地和我们讲发生的事情，好像他当时在场一样。有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性It is becoming dark. It looks as if its going to rain. 天变黑了，似乎就要下雨了。It seems as if he had been to America. 他好像去过美国。在would rather结构中would rather do sth. 表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆着。would rather have done sth. 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”She would rather not have gone to the party. 她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。would rather sb. Did 表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事” Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天就别来了，我希望你下周末过来。would rather sb. had done 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做” I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。在 It is (about, high) time+(that)从句中从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。It is high time that we began to work. 咱们应该开始干活了。练习题1.I wish I you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see2.If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldnt suffer(忍受痛苦) so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. shouldnt lie3.How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will have D. had had4.Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed5.He didnt go to the party, but he does wish he there.A. had been B. has been C. would have been D. would be6.I wish I longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept7.Jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university.A. had studied B. study C. studied D. had been studying8.Its already five oclock now. Do you think its about time ?A. we are going home B. we go home C. we went home D. we can go home9.“You are very selfish（自私）. It s high time you that you are not the most important person in the world,” Jim said to his boss angrily.A. realized B. have realized C. realize D. should realize10.You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you on business first.A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone11.Id rather you make any comment(评论) on the issue(问题) for the time being(目前)A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. shouldnt12.Wouldnt you rather your children to bed early.A. go B. went C. would go D. does13.The manager(经理) would rather his daughter in the same office.A. had not worked B. not to work C. dose not work D. did not work14.If only the committee(委员会) the regulations(章程，规则，条例) and put them into effect(使生效) as soon as possible.A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve15.I am sure she would rather you the bad news and your sorrow(痛苦 with her.A. will tell; share B. tell; share C. has told; shared D. had told; shared16.It is high time that you a bath(洗澡，沐浴).A. will take B. took C. had taken D. would take17.She said that she would rather not the problem in the presence(在场) of so many strangers(陌生人).A. to discuss B. discuss C. discussing D. discussion18.I would rather you those important documents(文件) with you.A. do not take B. did not take C. will not take D. not take作业：练习、虚拟语气1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him.A. knew, wouldB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might beC. had started, would have beenD. will start, might have been3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it, I _ then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up4. Mary is ill today. If she _ , she _ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldn t beB. had been ill; wouldnt have beenC. had been ill; should have beenD. hadnt been ill; could be5. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way.A. will do B. would doC. would have done D. were to do6. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then.A. could tell; if it had beenB. must have told; were itC. should have told; had it beenD. should have told; should it be7. Without your help, we_ so much.A. won t achieve B. didn t achieveC. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved8. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake.A. Had you taken; wouldnt have madeB. If you had taken; would makeC. Were you lo take; shouldn t have madeD. Have you taken; won t have made9. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school.A. didB. could have doneC. have doneD. should do10. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night.A. wentB. would goC. had goneD. were going11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up.A. could B. shouldC. would D. were able to12. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation.A. could B. mustC. should D. might13. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A. is givenB. must giveC. should give D. be given14. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr. Li to the party?A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite15. I insisted that he _ at once.A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go16. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A. hadn t stolen B. shouldn t steal C. doesn t steal D. steal17. It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry.A. had madeB. would makeC. makesD. make18. He acted as if he _ everything in the world.A. knew B. knows C. has known D. wont know19. Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly.A. may hearB. will hearC. hearD. have heard20. They got up early in order that they _ they first train.A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch21. I am sorry that he _ in such poor health.A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be22. That is a good book. You _ it yesterday.A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought23. It is high time we _ home.A. will go B. would goC. have goneD. went24. I d rather that you _ home.A. wentB. have goneC. will goD. had gone25. If only I _ to the lecture!A. listenB. will listen C. am listeningD. had listened26. - If he_ , he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken27.I didn t see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did comeC. came D. had come28. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will beC. would have been D. would be29. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may hav