Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China

Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina,Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina,Canyouguessthemeaning?,Exploringtheoldanddeducingthenewmakesateacher.,温故而知新，可以为师矣。-论语为政,2.Tolearnwithoutthinkingislaborinvain,tothinkwithoutlearningisdesolation(荒废).,3.Youcanlearnfromeveryone.,学而不思则罔，思而不学则怠。-论语为政,三人行必有我师。-论语述而,4.Tohavefriendscomefromfaraway-isntthatajoy?,有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？,Confucius,Mencius,Mozi,SunZi,Laozi,Xunzi,Zhuangzi,Hanfeizi,Confucius,Mencius,Mozi,Manisborngood.Allhumanbeingsareequal.Thefamilyisimportant.Wearemembersofagroup.Treatothersinthewayyouwanttotreated.Peoplearemoreimportantthanrulers.Weshouldloveallhumanbeings.,Introduction-2,ReadthestatementsandticktheideasthatConfuciustaught.,ReadthepassageonP43andfindoutwhosaidtheother4sentences.,Manisborngood.Allhumanbeingsareequal.Thefamilyisimportant.Wearemembersofagroup.Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.Peoplearemoreimportantthanrulers.Weshouldloveallhumanbeings.,Introduction-2,ReadthestatementsandticktheideasthatConfuciustaught.,-Mencius,-Mozi,-Mencius,-Mozi,ManisborngoodAllhumanbeingsareequal.Thefamilyisimportant.Wearemembersofagroup.4.Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.5.Peoplearemoreimportantthanrulers6.Weshouldloveallhumanbeings.,人之初性本善。,众生平等。,己所不欲，勿施于人。,民为贵，君为轻。,我们应爱所有的人(博爱)。,家庭重要，我们是群体的成员。,Activity1:Fillingtheform,Confucius,551BC-479BC,kindness,duty,order,ConfuciuswasaChinesepolitician,teacher,philosopheroftheSpringandAutumnPeriodofChinesehistory.ThephilosophyofConfuciusstressedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality,correctness(正确性)ofsocialrelationshipsandjustice.FollowingthevictoryofHanafterthecollapseofQin,ConfuciussthoughtsreceivedofficialapprovalandwerefurtherdevelopedintoasystemknownasConfucianism.ConfuciussprincipleshadabasisincommonChinesetraditionandbelief.Heconsideredstrongfamilyloyalty,ancestorworship(敬奉祖先),respectofeldersbytheirchildren,andfamilyasabasisforanidealsociety.,Mencius,good,government,people,rulers,badly,476BC-390BC,Government,equal,love,weaker,war,Confucius,Mencius,Whydidnttheauthorwriteaboutthethreephilosophersinorderoftime？,Discussion,Thewriterwroteabouttheminorderofimportance.,equalimportancelookafterphilosopherphilosophyrulerstateteachingsthinkertreatwar,Introduction-1,Checkthemeaningofthesewords.,Usesomeofthewordstocompletethegaps.,InancientChina,privateteacherstraveledfromstatetos_explainingtheirp_ConfuciuswasthemostimportantoftheancientChinesep_.Confuciusst_influencedsocietyformorethan2000years.Otherimportantt_includedMenciusandMozi.Allthreeteachersbelievedinthei_ofkindnessandgoodgovernment.MenciussideaswereverysimilartothoseofConfucius,butsomeofMozist_wereverydifferent.Forexample,hehatedtheideaofw_andbelievedthatstrongpeopleshouldl_weakerpeople.,tate,hilosophy,hilosophers,eachings,hinkers,mportance,eachings,ar,ookafter,Discussion,Inwhatwaydothesephilosophersinfluenceourmodernlife?,WesternPhilosophersPage93,pairs;pi-,Discussion,Whatarethedifferencesbetweeneasterncultureandwesternculture?,Chineseinventions,papermaking,gunpowder,compasskmps,printing,Workinpairs.Decidewhichwordsyouthinkyouwillhear.,1,affordbarkchemistcontributioncopydiscoveryfarmerinventinventionleathermaterialmonkprintsoftspreadcaterpillar毛虫mulberryleaves桑叶,Whichinventionswillbetalkedabout?,ktpil,mlbri,Listentothepassage.Writedownthefiveinventionsandmatchthedateswiththem.,2,105AD1498AD1092AD3200BC868AD,silk,clock,paper,printing,toothbrush,3200BC,1092AD,105AD,868AD,1498AD,拉丁语AnnoDomini公元,纪元,公元前(=BeforeChrist),1.TheChinesedidnottellothercountries_.,howsilkwasmade,2.However,wedoknowthatin1092ADheinvented_.,thefirstrealclock,3.However,paperdidnotspreadtoothercountries_.,foranother500years,4.In1041AD,achemistcalledBiShenginvented_.,atypeofprintthatcouldmove,5.Thistoothbrushcould_.,cleanteethquicklyandwell,DoyouknowotherancientChineseinventions?Matchtheobjectswiththeirnames.,silkfireworksmatchesporcelainumbrellawheelbarrow,porcelainp:slin,Theindustrialrevolution,Steamengine,JamesWatt,Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.,2.WhatchangeshappenedwiththeIndustrialRevolution?,Farminglifebecameindustrial;massproductionwaspossible;peoplemovedtothecities;thesteamenginewasinvented.,1.WhatistheIndustrialRevolution?,ItisanimportantchangeinsocietywhichhappenedinthesecondhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyinEurope.,3.Whatinfluencedidthesteamenginehave?,England,4.WhatisthecorrectorderofthesecountriesaccordingtothespreadoftheIndustrialRevolution?,ItmadeotherchangesbothineconomyandsocietypossibleandwasthemainenergysourceduringtheIndustrialRevolution.,France,America,Japan,America,England,Japan,France,Pleaseuseonesentencetodescribetheindustrialrevolution.,TheindustrialrevolutionwasanimportantchangeinEuropeinthesecondhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyasaresultoftheinventionofthesteamenginewhichwasinventedbyJamesWattin1769,inwhichfactoriesappearedandmassproductionbecamepossible,makingfactoryownersbecamemorepowerfulthanlandownersandthenspreadingthroughEuropeandtheUSandthentoothercountriessuchasJapan.,InthesecondhalfoftheeighteenthcenturytheIndustrialRevolutionafarmingsocietymassproductionincreasegreatlytheenergysourcefactoryownerslandownersliveinpoorandcrowedconditionsspreadthroughEuropespreadtoJapan,在18世纪下半叶工业革命农业社会大规模生产急剧增长能源工厂主地主生活在拥挤穷困的环境下传播到整个欧洲传播到日本,M5GrammarAttributiveClauses,Readthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativeclauses.,AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.Confuciusisthephilosopherwhoseinfluencehasbeenthegreatest.Moziwasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential.Hecamefromafamilywhichwasverypoor.,Morerelativeclausesfromthepassage:MenciuswasathinkerwhoseteachingswereverysimilartothoseofConfucius.Moziwasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential.Hespentmanyyearstryingtofindastatewherepeoplewouldfollowhisteachings.,定语从句,TheAttributiveClause(I),1.Definition（定义）定语从句:如果修饰某个名词或代词的是从句，这个从句就叫定语从句。Ilikeschooldancingthatcangivesuspleasure.被修饰的词称为先行词(antecedent)连接定语从句和先行词的词称为关系词(引导词)。,Grammar:,主句,2.关系词的作用,HeisthescientistwhowontheNobelPrize.,1）引导作用2）替代作用3）成分作用,Heisthescientist.ThescientistwontheNobelPrize.,who,3.关系词：,关系代词(relativepronoun):who,that,which,whom,whose关系副词(relativeadverb):when,where,why,Lookatthesentencesin1again.Choosetherightanswer.,whofollowsawordreferringto_a)apersonb)athingwhichfollowsawordreferringto_a)athingb)apersonInsteadofwhichyoucansay_a)whob)that,wherefollowsawordthatrefersto_a)placeb)time5.whenfollowsawordthatrefersto_a)placeb)time6.whosemeans_a)ofwhomb)who,P44Act3Matchthetwopartsofthesentences,ConfuciuslivedinacenturyAncientChinawasacountrySomerulersfollowedtheadvicePhilosopherswerepeopleMoziwasaman,wheretherewerealotofnewideas.whichMenciusgave/whoseideaswereveryinfluential.wholivedanunusuallife.whentherewasalotofwar.,Act.4:Completeeachsentencewithoneofthesewords.,Menciuswroteabook_manypeoplehaveread.Menciuscamefromapartoftheworld_changewashappeningfast.Thiswasaperiod_manypeoplebecameinterestedinConfuciussteachings.,whowhichwhenwherewhose,which,where,when,4.Moziwasaman_behaviorwasoftenunusual.5.Moziwasateacher_principlesweredifferentfromthoseofConfucius.6.Itwasatime_philosopherscouldhavepositionsingovernments.7.Hecamefromanarea_peoplewereverypoor.,whose,whose,when,where,归纳：关系词的用法,注意：,做宾语时，关系词可省；只有that可做表语；2.Who和that不能用于介词后面。,Tellmethereason_youwerelateforclass.2.Whoisthegirl_isspeakingthere?3.Thecomputer_CPUdoesntworkhastoberepaired.4.Thisisjusttheplace_Ivebeenlongingtovisitforyears.,why,that,whose,Practice:Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativestocompletethefollowingsentences.,that,1.which/that指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。1)Hisdreamistogotoauniversitythatisclosetohishighschool.Hisdreamistogotoauniversitywhichisclosetohishighschool.2)Thefilmthatwesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilmwesawlastnightwasverywonderful.,只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的6种情况：a)不定代词，如：any,nothing,something,somebody,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。凡是能够做的都已经做了。Allthatcouldbedonehasbeendone.b)先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。这正是我需要的书。ThisistheverybookthatIneed.c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。,特殊情况：,d)先行词既有人又有物时，用that，不用which/who。Theyspentthewholenighttalkingaboutthethingsandpeoplethathaveimpressedthemdeeplyin2008.e)关系代词在从句中作表语时，用that。北川不再是地震前的那个美丽的城市。_.f)which/who引导的特殊疑问句中，用that。Whichoftheeventsthathavehappenedthisyearhasimpressedyoumost?你在找的人是谁？Whoistheperson_?,Beichuanisnolongerthebeautifultownthatitwasbeforethequake.,thatyouarelookingfor,2.who指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人。代替who,whom，可作主语或宾语),Heknewtheteacherwhometmeyesterday.Heknewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacherwhowemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacher(that)wemetyesterday.,3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.,Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.,Illcallaperson.Hisfatherknowsyou.Illcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou.,关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略),2)CaiLunisaman(who/whom/that)Chinacanbeproudof.CaiLunisamanofwhomChinacanbeproud.,1)Thisisthecity(which/that)wearetalkingabout.Thisisthecityaboutwhichwearetalking.,注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前。例如:lookafter,Act.3Rewritethesentencesasintheexamplesinactivity1Page47.,ThemanofwhomIamthinkinginventedthefirstrealclock.Thesearetheleavesfromwhichsilkismade.Heisapersonofwhomeveryonehasheard.Thisisthehouseinwhichtheinventorlived.,Wereintheregioninwhichprintingwasfirstinvented.Itisaninventionofwhichheisveryproud.HeisamanofwhomIamafraidbecausehehasinventedsomethingverydangerous.Themachineatwhichyouarelookingisveryold.Isthattheinventortowhomyouweretalking?,Act.4.Connectthesentencesusingthegivingphrases.,Theroom_Iliveinisverybig.Theroom_Iliveisverybig.Theroom_Iliveisverybig.,4.when,where,why=“介词+which”.Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.Chengduisnottheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?,Note1:theway,theyear,theplace与that(=介词+which),在口语中that常被省略。Treatothersintheway(that/inwhich)youwanttobetreated.Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.,1.Thisisthecar_whichIboughtlastyear.2.Thisisthecar_whichIpaid100$.3.Thisisthecar_whichIspent100$.4.Thisisthecar_whichIgotoworkeveryday.5.Thisisthecar_whichIcantgotowork.,-,for,on,by,without,6.Thisisthecar_whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown7.Thisisthecar_whichaboythrewastone.8.Thisisthecar_whichwetalked.9.Thisisthecar_whichthewindowwasbroken,by,at,about,of,Note2:关系代词前介词(介词which)的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Isthatthenewspaper_whichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms_whichImnotsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。1949wastheyear_whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,Note2:关系代词前介词(介词which)的确定,for,about/of,in,when,Note3:介词+关系代词的常见结构介词+which/whomThisisthefamoussinger_wehaveoftentalked.Fortunatelywehadamap,_wewouldhavegotlost.名词+of+which/whomPleasepassmethebook_isblue.请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。数词/代词+of+which/whomShesgotthreeluckypens,_sheneveruses.她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过/一只也未用过。Inourschoolthereareabout200teachers,_arewomen.我校大约有200位教师，其中百分之三十/大多数是女教师。,aboutwhom,withoutwhich,thecoverofwhich,two/noneofwhich,30%/mostofwhom,(whosecover),(4)最高级+of+which/whomChinahasthousandsofislands,_isTaiwan.中