高中英语 Module6Unit 2 What is happiness to you Gramma知识精讲r 译林出版社选修6

高二英语高二英语 ModuleModule 6 6 UnitUnit 2 2 WhatWhat isis happinesshappiness toto youyou GrammarGrammar 译林出版社译林出版社 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： Unit 2 What is happiness to you? （续） 二. 教学目标：Grammar：Past and Future Tense 三. 教学重难点：Past and Future Tense simplecontinuousperfectperfect continuous presentsimple present present continuous present perfect present perfect continuous pastsimple pastpast continuous past perfect past perfect continuous futuresimple future future continuous future perfect future perfect continuous past futuresimple past future past future continuous past future perfect past future perfect continuous （一）一般过去时 1. 一般过去时用来表示过去的动作及状态，表示过去的习惯常用 used to do, would do 表示。 2. 一般过去时常连用表过去的时间状语，状语从句甚至其它类型从句和表过去 的地点状语，地点状语从句来限定已发生过的动作。 3. 一般过去时和现在完成时均表示发生在过去的动作,但前者侧重过去的事实, 后者侧重过去的动作对现在的影响。 典型例题 1. My computer _ （go） wrong although I used it only once. Youd better go to check it. 2. Long time no see. Havent you graduated from college? Yes, I_ （study） English for 4 years in Nantong. 3. What _ it, Ted? Just a pain in my shoulder. Its gone now. A. was B. is 4. 试比较： I cant enter the room now because I _ （lose） my key. I cant find my text book now, but I _ （put） it here. 答案 1. went 2. studied 3. A 4. have lost, put （二）过去进行时 1. 表示过去某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作。 2. 与 always continually, constantly 等词连用表示过去的经常动作，往往带 有感情色彩。 3. 用于表述故事的发生背景。 eg. It was getting dark and the wind was rising. 典型例题 1. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where was I? You _you didnt like your fathers job. （04 北京） A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 2. You were out when I dropped in at your house. （04 广东） Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 3. Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （04 吉林） A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 4. Whats wrong with your coat? （05 重庆） Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting 答案 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 1. 一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作） ， 常与 just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week（month, year）, the day before yesterday 及表示过去的时间状语从句连用。如： I was sixteen years old last year. He worked in a factory in 1986. I met her in the street the day before yesterday. He often swam in the river when he was young. 2. 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的 时间状语有，at that time/moment, （at） this time yesterday （last night/Sunday/week）, at+点钟+yesterday （last night / Sunday） ，when sb. did sth 等时间状语从句。如： What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 3. 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或 未完成。 I saw you while you were speaking to Joan. 注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。 如： She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。 （信写完了） She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。 （信不一定写完） 4. 过去进行时的时间状语从句 （1）when 和 while 引导的状语从句，while 表示一段时间，因此它所引导的 状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如： When/While we were having supper, the light went out. （2）when 用作并列连词时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的 动作发生了。 I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。 5. 下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时： （1）表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。 Tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。 （2）与 always, constantly 等连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。 John was always coming to school late. He was always doing good deeds for the neighbours. （3）用来描写故事发生的情景时。如： It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river. （4）go, come, leave, start, arrive 等位移动词可用过去进行时表示过去 将来的含义。如： I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。 She was coming later. 她随后就来。 6. 过去进行时表示婉转语气（只限于 want, hope, wonder 等动词） ，用以提出 请求,如： I was wondering if you could help me. I was hoping you could send me home. （三）过去完成时 1. 表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作完成之前的情况，往往具备以下两个特征之 一： （1）句中常用 by, before, until 引导过去某一时间状语。如： They had learned 5000 words by the end of last year. （2）出现在主从句中, 两个发生在过去的动作有明显的先后关系。如： Hardly had he run into the room when the rain began to come down. 2. 表示过去未曾实现的希望, 打算, 意图, 用于如下动词： want, hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose, plan. I had meant to buy a present for you in Paris, but my work ran out of my time. 过去完成时与一般过去时 （1）历史事实通常用一般过去时表示，如： They learned that Lincoln led the American War. He told the students that Hitler killed millions of Jews. （2）过去完成时可以代替一般过去时，表示惊奇。 I saw her coming, but in a minute, she had disappeared. They wanted to keep it a secret, but a few days later, everyone had known it. （四）过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别在于前者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的持 续进行而后者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的完成结果。 I was tired out; I had been reading for hours in a row. I had been waiting for nearly an hour before he came. （五）过去将来时 相对于过去某时即将发生的动作，常用于宾语从句中。如： No one knew when he was going to come. I didnt know when they were leaving for Shanghai. （六）一般将来时 1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 I will be back in a few days. 2. 表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。 Well die without air and water. Water will boil if heated. 一般将来时的常见表达形式：will/shall do, be going to do, be to do, be about to do, be doing 五种形式 will/ be going to 的区别 1. will 表示说话人认为或相信将会发生但现在看不见的动作而 be going to 表示现在即可看出的现象。如： Its going to rain. I think the boat will sink when at sea. 2. will 表示说话时决定的动作而 be going to do 表示原来的计划 Hold on please. Ill write it down just in case. The meeting is going to start at 7. be to 1. 表示禁止，命令等。 No one _ leave here without my permission. A. will B. is to 答案：B 2. 表示计划，安排。 Theres to be a sports meeting next weekend. 3. 表示要求，责任。 The work is to/should be finished by 7 today. 4. be to 可用于 if 从句。 If you are to come tomorrow, I will be very happy. be about to 表示最近的将来，意味立刻，马上，不可和时间状语连用。 Tissue please? Im about to sneeze. Move! The car is about to blow up. be doing 英语中某些词如 come, go, arrive, leave, stay, do, take, have 等可以 用其进行时态表示将来。 Hurry, Tom! youre late. Im coming, mum. （七）将来进行时 1. 表示将来某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作。如： Ill be waiting for you here this time every year. The boss will be enjoying his holiday tomorrow. So call him now. 2. 表示即将或按计划在未来要发生的事情, 主语为第一人称时往往含有期盼情 感。如： Ill be seeing my grandma next month. They will be separating in the summer. （八）将来完成时 表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。通常 与 by 引导的时间状语连用。如： By tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared up. By the end of this month the project will have been finished. 【模拟试题】 （答题时间：30 分钟） I. 选择填空 1. 91 Have you moved into the new house? Not yet. The rooms _. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 2. 91 The students _ busily when Mrs Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 3. 92 When Jack arrived he learned Mary _ almost an hour. A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away 4. 92 Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 5. 92 Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked 6. 93 The pen I_ I_ is on my desk, right under my nose. A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost 7. 94 I dont really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out 8. 95 _the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told 9. 95 I dont think Jim saw me; he _ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 10. 96 Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would 11. 97 Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? I _ , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 12. 98 Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether shes finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 13. 99 Hey, look where you are going! Oh, Im terribly sorry. _. A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt notici