高二英语 Unit 1知识精讲 冀教版

高二英语 Unit 1冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：必修5 Unit 1（一）1. make good /better/the best/use oflittle/ no use ofmake the most of2. mereA mere child cannot do the work of a man.仅仅是个孩子是不能做成人工作的。Its mere conjecture.The merest little thing makes him nervous.At the mere thought of him her heart began to beat fiercely.3. make sense The sentence make no sense.What you said doesnt make sense.It makes sense to keep fit./make sense of 理解；懂；明白Have you made sense of what I said?in a sense /The sense of the word is not clear.4. be known for/ as / in / tobe famous / be in the spotlightbe recognized 5. speak up= speak ones mind坦率的说出意见、看法；大声说If anyone disagree with me, please speak up.Will you please speak up so that we can hear you?speak out 大胆说出 Speak out- dont be afraid.speak of 讲起，谈到speak highly of 称赞，高度评价speak against/ for/ to6. concentrate集中（注意力、思想等）Concentrate on your work.集中于某处；使集中于一点concentrate rays of light into a focus把光线集中在焦点上Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of our country.concentrate ones attention on uponconcentrate fire / troops7. gatheringThere was a large gathering of people at the ceremony.8. take notes9. commerce have no commerce with10. journal11. rely on / depend on / be based on12. look up / consult / refer to13. expandThe bird expanded its wings and flew off.Air expands when heated.14. passionate a passionate speech against injusticea passionate woman/ a passionate interestpassion / passive15. selection selections from great poetsacademic selection （根据学业）择优选录16. branchThe companys head office is in the city, but it has branches all over the country.17. disinterestedHe is impartial and disinterested.他公正无私。18. suffervi 受苦，受害，受损失，患病He is suffering from stomachache.He suffered a lot during the war.vt 遭受， 经历（痛苦，不幸）；（否）忍受The family suffered the loss of the boy.He couldnt suffer such insults.19. strategybehaviour strategy行为策略business strategy经营战略20. disturbingA light wind disturbed the surface of the pond.Please dont disturb me while Im working.He disturbed the papers on my desk.disturb the peace扰乱治安21. antique The antique is a fake.22. poster poster-work23. mostly The audience consisted mostly of women.24. buddy He and I were buddies at school.25. feel a lump ring in ones throat26. unusual27. costumeHer national costume showed which country she came from.28. make ones wayelbow ones wayfeel ones wayfight ones wayfind ones way toforce ones waypush ones wayshoulder ones wayshoulder ones waythread ones way（二）1. combine 联结；结合The two small shops combined to make a large one.The two principal political parties have combined to form a bine theory with practice.be combined in 化合成be combined with 与.结合着2. explore勘探；探测 探索；研究We must explore all the possibilities for the solution of the problem.Have you really explored your nearest town?3. benefit 利益；好处 (pl)救济金 disability benefitsIt is said Yogo is of great benefit to human health.I did it for his benefit.A five-day week benefits more than individually and economically.v有益于 （常与from, by连用）获益；得益于The plants benefited from the rain.We benefit from daily exercises.Exercise benefits our health.for the benefit of为了.的好处be of benefit to 对有好处benefit ticket红票; 中彩的票4. engage vt, vi 雇；聘engage a new secretaryWe engage him as technical adviser.从事He is engaged just now.Work engages much of her time.吸引，引起(兴趣), 占用 His good nature engages everyone.交战They engaged the enemy.（常与that, to连用）允诺，保证Can you engage that he can pay back the money in due time?约束; 约定; 使订婚, 与订婚(to) Tom is engaged to Anne.5. provide sb with sth= provide sth for sbsupply sb with sth = supply sth to sboffer sb sth= offer sth to sb6. make thoughtful decisions7. take the lead8. build relationship with sb9. with the development of 10. access toThere is no access to the street through that door.Students need access to books.The only access to the town is across the bridge.11. create创造；创作；创建Weve created a beautiful new house from an old ruin.Man creates himself.Its the people who create history.He created lots of beautiful music in his life.She created a new dress style for ladies.造成，产生Her new dress created much excitement in our class.What you said just now may create a wrong impression.12. follow听从；服从The soldiers must follow the officers orders.Please follow the instructions on the packet when you take the drug.跟随The children followed their mother into the room.We shall follow closely the latest advance of the subject in the world.沿前进，顺前进We followed the road to the top of the hill.接着；随后为Spring follows winter.I do not quite follow you.我听不大懂你的话。13. lead to 导致 通向The path leads to the village.14. evaluateThe research project has only been under way for three months, so its too early to evaluate its success15. have influence on 对有影响My teachers influence made me study science at college.Many a woman has had civilizing influence upon her husband.16. realizeThe man laughed when he realized what had happened.She realized her intention of becoming an actress.17. treatThe engineer felt that he hadnt been treated fairly.Glass must be treated carefully.He treated his mistake as a joke.The doctor is treating him for his toothache.He treated me to dinner/ an ice cream/ the cinema.Let me treat today.Its my treat.Its her birthday today and she wants to gie us a treat.（三）1. include + n./doingincluded / includingAll the students agreed, including me / me included.2. take/play the role of organizer3. stay/be focused/concentrated on4. get too far off topic / be off the point 跑题keep to the point 紧扣主题5. speak up i) 大声说ii）坦率说出自己的看法= speak ones mind6. a work of art 一件艺术品7. concentrate (ones attention) on8. On the one hand. On the other hand.9. an expert in / on sth.be expert in /at doing sth. expert n. / adj.10. prefer sth. to sth.prefer doingto doingprefer to dorather than doprefer sb. To do would rather do than do11. avoid doing12. be pretty / very good at13. hold important positions 身居要职hold high status 享有很高的地位14. look up information / new wordslook up to sb.15. have more materials to choose from16. hear fromhear of / about17. go without 在缺少的情况下勉强应付过去18. What a shame / pity !19. in a voice / in voicesThey shouted in angry voices.20. Its time for sb. to do sth.Its time that sb. did sth.Its time that sb. should do 21. The door burst open.burst into tears / burst out crying22. take ones breath away 使人高兴或惊讶得说不出话来take breath 歇一歇，喘口气take a (deep) breath （深）吸一口气hold ones breath 屏住呼吸out of breathunder ones breath 压低声音23. leave ones mouth wide open 目瞪口呆24. make ones way to / towards 25. take ones place / seat 就座take place 发生take the place of sb. / take sb. s place代替的位置/ 职位26. be up to 正在做，打算做What have you been up to lately?=What have you been doing lately?Im anxious to see what he is up to first.=Im anxious to see what he is going to do first.（四）so用法小结so是中学英语中最常用的单词之一，现将其基本用法介绍如下：一、用作副词1. 表示方式、方法、情况等，意为“那么；那样；这么；这样”。如：Hold the pen so. 这样执笔。You must not do so. 你一定不要那么做。2. 表示程度，意为“那样；如此地”。如：so important an event 这么重要的一件事。Dont speak so fast. 别讲那么讲。3. 表示强调，意为“非常；很；极；十分”。如：Im so glad to hear from you. 收到你的来信，我非常高兴。Its so kind of you. 你太好了/太感谢你了。4. 代替表语或谓语，使用倒装语序，表“也”。如：You are an engineer, so is she. 你是工程师，她也是。Mary can speak Chinese, so can her brother. 玛丽会讲汉语，她的兄弟也会讲。5. 代替上文提过的形容词、名词、动词等，意为“那样的；不错；真的”。如：You say he is diligent, so he is. 你说他很勤奋，他确实很勤奋。It rained last night. 昨晚下雨了。So it did. 是的（下了）。6. 作关联副词（1）用于“so that”结构，意为“得；这样以便；如此以致”。如：It is so quiet in the room that you can hear the drop of a pin.房间里静得连（地上）掉根针都能听见。（2）用于so that结构，有时that可以省略，意为“以便；为了；所以”。如：Speak louder so the people in the hall can all hear you.大点声讲，以便大厅里的人都能听清。（3）用于“asso”结构，意味“像那样；也”。如：As you treat me, so will I treat you.我将像你对待我那样对待你。（4）用于“not so as”结构，意为“不像那样”。如：Im neither so young as you think nor so ignorant.我既不像你想的那么年轻，也不那样无知。（5）用于“soas to”结构，意为“那样以致”。如：He is so naive as to believe such a lie.他竟然幼稚得连这种谎言都相信。7. 加强语气，意为“原来；那么”。如：So here you are! 原来你在这儿啊！So you have come back at last. 那么你终于回来了。8. 意为“因而；所以”。如：The witness is unbiased and so reliable! 那个证人没有偏见，所以是可靠的。9. 意为“的确；确实”。如：I did so tell the truth. 我的确说了真话。句型I：So + be / have / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语这是主谓倒装结构，表示前面的情况也适合于后者，或“(的情况)也是如此”。（1）用这一结构时，前后两句必须是肯定句，两句的时态及谓语动词必须一致。Im a student, so is he. 我是学生，他也是。If she goes there, so shall I. 如果她去那儿，我也去。She went to the airport, so did Jim. 她去了机场，吉姆也去了。He can sing, so can I. 他会唱歌，我也会。（2）如果前一句是否定句，则后一句用neither / nor + be / have / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语。She can hardly drive a car, and neither can I. 她几乎不会开车，我也几乎不会。John doesnt like American beer. Neither does Anna. 约翰不喜欢美国啤酒，安娜也不喜欢。句型II： So it is with.或It is the same with.句型表示“(的情况)也是如此”。这一句型与句型I的区别是：句型I中so在表示上、下句属于同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事。句型II中表示后面的人或物与前面情况一致时，表示的不仅是一件事。(1) I like to watch plays, but I dont watch TV every evening. 我喜欢看电视节目，但每天晚上我都不看电视。So it is with me. / It is the same with me. 我也是如此。(2) My devoted friend was out of job and couldnt support his family. 我亲密的朋友失业了，不能养家。So it is with my neighbour. / It is the same with my neighbour. 我的邻居也如此。句型III：So + 主语 + be / have / 助动词 / 情态动词这种结构中的主谓是正常语序，表示同意前者的观点。(1)Its very cold today. 今天天气很冷。So it is. 的确很冷。(2) They have finished their homework. 他们已完成了作业。So they have. 的确如此。句型IV：主语 + do / does / did + so这一结构指的是按上句的要求做了，do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。I asked him to close the door and he did so. 我让他关上门，他真的这样做了。以上so引导的四种句型，同学们应注意区分。So和such的比较其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。so + adj.such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. 不可数such +n. 不可数so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers such nice flowersso much/little money.such rapid progressso many people such a lot of peopleso many