高二英语Chapter 4 The rise of chain stores in China沪教版

Chapter 4 The rise of chain stores in China一周强化一、考纲词汇讲解1chain n. 链(条),镣铐, 一连串, 一系列vt. 用链条拴住e.g.chain smoke 一支接一支不停地抽烟She wore a gold chain around her neck.她的脖子上戴了一条金项链。The severely sentenced prisoners chains clanked as they walked被判重刑的囚犯们行走时，铁链当啷作响。a mountain chain 山系food chain 食物链The traffic accident led to a chain of events.交通事故引起了一连串的事件。He chained his dog to a post.他把狗拴在柱子上。2pop v.（1）发出砰(或啪)的响声；砰(或啪)的一声爆裂e.g.The bottle popped when I opened it.我打开瓶子时,瓶口发出砰的一声。He popped the balloon.他把气球弄炸了。（2）(意外地，突然地)出现，发生；突然提出(问题)e.g.Your name has popped up from time to time in the papers.你的名字不时在报纸上出现。They popped a question at me.他们冷不防向我提了一个问题。（3）(突然地，迅速地)行动，来，去；把突然(或迅速)地一放e.g.He popped in to say hello.他匆匆进来说声你好。The boy popped a piece of gum into his mouth.那男孩把一块口香糖塞进嘴里。（4）射击，开枪(+at)e.g.He popped at the bird他开枪打鸟儿。I went out to pop some quails.我出去打几只鹌鹑。（5）(眼睛)突出，瞪出(+out)e.g.The surprise made her eyes pop.这一意外使她的眼睛瞪得大大的。top of the pops 最畅销的流行音乐唱片3criterion n.(判断、批评的)标准，准则，尺度Ce.g.What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a students work?你用什么标准来衡量学生的学业?This is the first criterion.这是第一条。Practice is the sole criterion of truth.实践是检验真理的唯一标准。4influence n.（1）影响，作用CU(+on/upon)e.g.Many a woman has had civilizing influence upon her husband许多妇女对其丈夫有影响The influence of climate on crops are self-evident.气候对农作物的影响是不证自明的。（2）影响力；势力，权势U(+over/with)e.g.Will you exercise your influence on my behalf?你愿意运用你的权力给我帮忙吗？Mr. Smith is a man of influence in this town.史密斯先生是这个镇上有权势的人物。under the influence 喝醉vt. 影响，感化；左右e.g.I dont want to influence you. You must decide for yourself.我不想影响你。你必须自行决定。My teachers influence made me study science at college.由于我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。5reasonable adj.（1）通情达理的，讲道理的e.g.Our mother was always very reasonable.我们的母亲总是非常通情达理。a reasonable being 有理智的人（2）合理的，正当的；适当的e.g.It sound reasonable.这个意见听来合理。（3）(价钱)公道的，不贵的e.g.a reasonable price 公平的价格6retail（1）n. 零售Ue.g.He made the sweets himself and sold them by retail.他自己制作糖果零卖。（2）adj. 零售的e.g.The retail price of the dress is 60 dollars.这衣服的零售价是六十元。（3）adv. 以零售方式；以零售价格e.g.They didnt sell their goods retail.他们不零售货物。（4）vt. 零售e.g.He intends to retail textile goods.他打算零售纺织品。（5）vi. 零售(+at/for)e.g.These books retailed at a dollar.这些书零售价为一元。7likely adj. & adv.（1）很可能的e.g.a likely story 可能是真实的故事a likely young man 一个有希望的青年John is likely to be in London this autumn.今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。She is the most likely girl to win the prize.她是最有希望得奖的女孩。She is not likely to come next month.她下月很可能不来。It is very likely that he will not consent.很可能他不会同意。（2）适当的，正合要求的(+for)e.g.I have found a likely house at last.最后我找到了一间合适的房子。（3）adv. 很可能e.g.We will most likely be late.我们很有可能会迟到。习惯用语：as likely as not (=most very likely) 可能，多半，说不定It is likely that.很可能Not likely! 口不可能! 才不呢! (强调否认或拒绝)8need n. 需要；必要；需求；要求(+of/for)+to-ve.g.We have no need to be afraid of them.我们不必怕他们。There is no need for of hurrying.= There is no need to hurry.不用着急。Is there any need for you to go there?你有必要去那里吗?My neighbors helped me in my time of need我的邻居在我困难的日子帮了我忙。be in need of food 需要食物satisfy/ meet ones needs 满足某人的需要She feels the need of companionship.她感到需要友谊。A friend in need is a friend indeed患难之交是真朋友。at (ones) need 在紧急时；在困难时；在危险时be stand in need of . 需要in case time of need 在紧急的时候二、句子解析1At the moment, police do not have any information about who is putting the razor blades in the jars.（1）at the moment adv. 此刻e.g.Leather is in atthemoment.目前皮质服饰很流行。常用搭配：for a moment 片刻in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上the (very) moment (that .)(=as soon as) 一就（2）police为集合名词，动词只用复数。用单数要用a policeman/ policewomane.g.The policeman/policewoman is looking into the case.（3）information Ue.g.a piece of information 一则消息；一份情报information film 新闻电影an information desk 问讯处a man of wide information 博学多闻的人（4）who is putting the razor blades in the jars.为宾语从句。2The company gave out one simple piece of advice: do not open this product. Take them back to the store immediately.（1）give out 公布e.g.In wartime, governments often black out all news or giveout false news.战争中，一些政府经常封锁新闻或发布假新闻。The news was given out that the king had died国王的死讯已经公布。（2）immediately adv. & conj. 立即；即刻e.g.She came immediately.她立刻就来了。I came immediately I heard the news.我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。3Nowadays, within a short walk along a busy street, you are likely to find a chain store of some kind a fast-food restaurant, a bakery, or a supermarket.（1）within prep. 在范围内；不超过e.g.They finished the house within half a year.他们在半年内盖好了这幢房屋。（2）along prep. 沿着（表示动态）e.g.I was walking along the street when I met one of my classmastes.我正在街上走的时候遇到了我的一位同班同学。4Chain stores have become so popular that some people include them in the list of criteria when deciding where to live.（1）so that 作关联副词用于so.that.结构如此以致e.g.It is so quiet in the room that you can hear the drop of a pin.房间里静得连(地上)掉根针都能听见。用于so that 结构, 有时that可以省略以便，为了，所以e.g.Speak louder so the people in the hall can all hear you.大声点讲, 以便大厅里的人都能听清。（2）when deciding where to live. = when some people are deciding where to live状语从句的省略：从句的主语和主句一致，动词中有be动词，则可以省略。e.g.Be careful when crossing the street.5Why have chain stores grown so fast in number and influence ?. they offer a wide range of products in a clean, well-lit and relaxing environment（1）Why have chain stores grown 特殊疑问句语序：疑问词助动词主语e.g.Why did you ask such a stupid question?（2）range 级别，等级；阶层；类别Ce.g.This store sells a wide range of TV sets.这家商店出售各种型号的彩色电视机。a wide range of knowledge 广博的知识the range of ones voice 音域a wide rage of temperature 气温变化很大三、语法点拨：名词名词作为考点，多考查名词词义辨析；名词的复数形式；名词的可数性和不可数性；名词作定语；名词的所有格等。要求考生能识别考纲所规定的词汇和短语的最基本意义及其用法；能够辨别意义相关或相近的词汇和短语；能够在具体的情景中正确判断、区别和使用考纲所规定的词汇和短语。【知识归纳拓展】1单复同形如：deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, means, li, jin, yuan, mu, 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。2集体名词，谓语动词用复数。the English, the British, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese, the Swiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。people, police, cattle等本身就是复数，单数用a person, a policeman, a head of cattle.e.g.The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。3以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：（1）maths, politics, physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。（2）news 是不可数名词。比较:newspaper是可数名词。（3）以复数形式出现的国名，组织名，书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。e.g.“The Arabian Nights”is a very interesting story-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。The United Nations was