高中英语教学论文 深度剖析广东省英语高考信息匹配题

深度剖析广东省英语高考信息匹配题【摘 要】 2020年的信息匹配试题宣布了英语考试进入了真正意义上的信息匹配试题时代。但是通过研究对比我们可以看出：信息匹配题型的到来并不是突然而来的，而是在广东省英语高考中经历了整整3年的孕育。信息匹配这一题型也越来越多的被采用到其它的考试形式中，其中包括我国的考研英语。信息匹配这个题型着重考察考生用英语获取信息和处理信息的能力;用英语分析问题和解决问题的能力、考察学生学以致用的能力。【关键词】命题目的及其依据；成长过程；结论；原材料选择及命题过程；答题技巧及注意事项一、 信息匹配题的命题目的及其依据高中英语课程标准(实验)明确要求高中学英语教学要着实培养学生运用英语获取信息和处理信息的能力;用英语分析问题和解决问题的能力。广东省高考英语从2020年开始使用信息匹配新题型,其命题的主要目的是：考查考生通过快速阅读, 获取信息和处理信息的能力。这种题型,既有助于对学生快速阅读能力的培养,也有助于对学生运用英语进行信息加工、信息分析、信息比较能力的培养,对中学英语教学在语言技能应用方面会有较好的导向作用。显然, 信息匹配题是以高中英语课程标准(实验)为依据,旨在培养学生用英语获取信息和处理信息的能力;用英语分析问题和解决问题的能力。信息匹配题型能很好地体现广东省高考考试大纲和高中英语课程标准(实验)的统一。二、信息匹配题在广东省历年高考题中的成长过程广东省高考英语从2020年开始正式使用信息匹配这种新题型，但是广东省英语高考在2020年就已经有了这一类型的试题。比较研究这些题目对于我们今后的备考有很大的帮助。下面就2020年的考题和2020年的信息匹配考题进行举例分析、对比研究、以便更好的得出结论、总结规律、指导2020年高考备考。例12020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）阅读理解E篇EApolloFor lovers of the arts, Apollo is a truly necessary magazine. Covering the ages and the great civilizations of the world, Apollo brings you well-illustrated yet academic articles by internationally famous scholars, as well as information on exhibitions and sales. Experience five monthly issues for as little as 5 each.The Guardian WeeklyThe Guardian Weekly gives you a global view with articles from four of the worlds most respected newspapers. Read the news from different views and draw your own conclusions on the stories shaping our world. Try it for 3 months for just 15.55. Plus get a free copy of The Guardian Year 2020.New InternationalistFull of excellent writing and photography, the N1 covers one key subject each month, from Terrorism to Poverty to Climate Change. Reporters from around the globe provide you with a comprehensive world view. PLUS: masses of fresh reports and stories to keep you up-to-date on world affairs. 3 months free and free World Map.The WeekThe Week is the only weekly summary giving you the best of the British and foreign newspapers in just 35 pages. Designed to be read in just 1 hour, it provides you with everything you need and want to know. Try The Week now with 13 issues for just 13. 75. If you decide its not for you, just tell us within the first 6 weeks and you can get your money back.72. Which of the following magazines will probably provide you with articles about music and paintings?A. Apollo. B. The Week. C. New Internationalist. D. The Guardian Weekly.73. It is possible that most of the readers of the four magazines are _.A. men B. women C. children D. grown-ups74. Which of the following would you most probably read if you want to get information from the worlds most popular newspapers?A. Apollo & The Week.B. Apollo & New Internationalist.C. The Guardian Weekly & The Week.D. The Guardian Weekly & New Internationalist.75. The purpose of writing these four texts is to _.A. tell the readers the latest newsB. get more readers to subscribe (订阅)C. show the importance of the four magazinesD. introduce the four magazines to new readers结 论：通过回顾2020年的阅读理解E篇，我们可以看出早在2020年的时候广东省英语高考试题中就已经有了信息匹配题的雏形，这篇阅读理解就是让考生从不同的角度运用英语提取、处理文章中所介绍杂志或报刊的信息。例22020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)阅读理解E篇EHOLIDAYSThe Bay Hotel. Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialised Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point. If pop music is no longer your strong point, and you are considering a relaxing holiday where the scenery is breathtaking and the sound of the sea is live music to your ears, come and stay with us. For adults only. Sssh! Dont tell everyone! 01326 280464Willapark Manor Hotel. Peaceful situation in 14 acres of separated gardens and woodland, overlooking picturesque bay. Close to coastal path and beach. Excellent cuisine. Our excellent service brings our guests back year after year. Children (reductions) and pets welcome. 01840 770782The Country Garden Hotel. Delightful hotel set in lovely gardens; calm Island of Wight near Tennyson Downs, Great food! Garden, sea view and ground floor rooms. Please call for brochure (服务指南) and sample menu. Adults only and pets welcome. 0800 980 1943Boscastle. Romantic 17th Century farmers cottage in countryside with splendid coastal views. Well-equipped. Sleeps 5. Regret no pets/smoking. Garden with furniture. Brochure; 01633 450417Godshill. 4 star self-served units. Non smoking. Sleeps 2 4. Open all year. Good walks. Close topubs. Peaceful. Cosy. No pets. Brochure: 01983 840371The Blakeney Hotel. Overlooking harbour, traditional privately owned friendly hotel vibedrooms, lift, heated indoor pool, spa bath and saunas. Relax, walk, sail, play golf, explore the villages, countryside and coast. Special seasonal midweek price for aged citizens. 01263 7407S W France. Rural setting near Cordes. Two beautifully repainted old houses, sleep 4/5 , Gardens, woodland, pool, views, excellent walks. Available all year round. Outstanding. 01962 77696772. All of the following hotels are close to the sea EXCEPT _.A. S W FranceB. The Blakeney HotelC. Willapark Manor HotelD. The Country Garden Hotel73. If you want to take your children and your dog with you on holiday, you can_.A. The Country Garden HotelB. Willapark Manor HotelC. The Bay HotelD. Boscastle74. One of the hotels offers special price for _.A. young peopleB. elderly peopleC. foreign guestsD. students75. The purpose of the passage is to _.A. warnB. adviseC. describeD. advertise结 论：通过上面2020年的高考题我们可以感觉到这篇阅读理解开始变得更加的“信息”化，信息匹配题型的味道越来越浓。尤其第73题采用if句来设定语用情景，让考生可以身临其境的选择酒店入住，这完全考察学生用英语获取信息和处理信息的能力;用英语分析问题和解决实际生活中遇到问题的能力。例32020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)阅读理解E篇E72. Who is (are) the editor (s) of William Faulkner: Novels 1926-1929?A. Noel Polk & Joseph Blotner.B. Phillip Lopate.C. Tony Kushner.D, Leo Bersani.73. How much do you pay for American Movie Critics?A. US $45.B. US $40.C. US $35.D. US $25.74. Which book do you buy if you want to read the play Death of a Salesman ?A. Arthur Miller: Collected Plays 1944 -1961.B. William Faulkner: Novels 1926-1929.C. Henry James: Novels 1901 -1902.D. American Movie Critics.75. Henry James only book written in the first person isA. The Wings of the Dove.B. The Sacred Fount.C. SoldiersPay.D. Mosquitoes.结 论：文章直接用一幅原滋原味的英语画刊来考察考生，单单就从这一点上我们可以得出：这篇阅读理解已经彻底的打破了传统文字版阅读理解的考察，进入了完全意义上的信息匹配题时代，只是没有按照信息匹配的格式来设置问题而已。例4. 2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语试卷阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。以下是广告信息：以下是与广告相关的读者来信。请匹配来信与它们所对应的广告。56 May 15，2020Gentleman,The enclosed advertisement for your organization comes from the April issue of Cosmopolitan. I am interested in doing volunteer work for abused children and would 1ike to have your information booklet. My address is as follows:6 Villa Maurice，92160 Antony FranceYours truly，D Gruber57 January 15, 2020Dear Sir or Madam，I am interested in writing adventure stories for children. Please send information on the course you offer to the following address:5481 Torrance Blvd，Torrance, CA 90503Yours faithfully，Irene Ponbs （Ms）58 April 14，2020Dear Sir or Madam,I am interested in finding a part-time job in the morning. Please send information to the following address:2955 Pacific Coast Highway,Torrance,CA 90505Sincerely,M. E. Nielson （Mr）591068 Baxter Road,Loveland, Ohio 45140March 13，2020Dear Sir or Madam,Please send me your catalog and information on the service you offer. I have a small business and have been robbed several times.Yours truly，J. Barnes60Am Frankenheim 21,5000 Koln 40 GermanyJune 1, 2020Dear Sir,I would like to receive the list mentioned in your recent advertisement, as well as more information about L.A. Parent. I enclose a self-addressed envelope.Yours faithfully，HWolf结 论：2020年是信息匹配题诞生的一年。2020年的信息匹配试题宣布了英语考试进入了真正意义上的信息匹配试题时代。但是我们不难看出：信息匹配题型的到来并不是突然来到的，而是在广东省经历了整整3年的孕育。例5. 2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (广东卷) 英 语第二节 信息匹配 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。以下是为留英学生编写的系列留学指南的简介：A. The numberone guide to what to study in the UKThis two-volume Guide features up-to-date and in-depth information about UK course options and institutions. It also includes course charts, teaching and research ratings, and advice on choosing your course.B. The A to Z of where to study in the UKA reference directory of UK institutions belonging to the British Councils Education Counselling Service. Includes easy-to-use comparative data on everything from accommodation to courses and fees.C. The essential online guide to UK educationThis site gives you instant access to a wide range of information on studying and living in the UK, including hotlinks to the British Councils Virtual Campus and institutions own web sites.D. The practical guide to making the most of your UK experienceThis fully updated book features the latest information about study opportunities, traveling to the UK, arranging accommodation, working in the UK, financial and legal matters, and student life.E. New guide to choosing the right UK courseEvery year, The Times newspaper compiles a league table of all the UKs ninety-seven universities. This is published as The Good University Guide, which features over fifty tables ranking universities by degree subject.F. The magazine that shows why so many international students choose to study in the UKIf youve enjoyed reading this magazine and want to keep up with the latest UK student news and views, place your order now for issues 3 and 4.以下是留英指南图书或杂志的封面，请匹配封面与其对应的简介：结 论：通过2020年的信息匹配题我们可以得知广东省考察信息匹配题的根本出发点就是让广大考生用英语获取信息和处理信息;用英语分析问题和解决问题。总结论：通过回顾研究分析从2020年至2020年之间的3篇“准信息匹配题”和2篇信息匹配题我们可以看出广东省高考英语命题精神越来越倾向于对学生学以致用能力的考察。信息匹配题的选材都是直接引用英美国家原版的酒店信息、产品广告、杂志封面、书籍销售广告等。这样保证了信息的原汁原味性，用真正的Native English 来考察考生。这一特点也就让广大师生提出了一个更高的要求：多接触一些英美国家的原版信息。下面笔者就把一些信息匹配题原材料的选择及命题过程与广大教师与考生一起分享。三、信息匹配题的原材料选择及命题过程信息匹配题可分为2大部分，即阅读材料部分和问题部分。下面就以这两部分做一些全面剖析。1. 材料部分：高考命题的过程中为了保证文章的地道性，高考信息匹配题的命题人都会到英美国家一些大型权威网站上找命题原材料。原始材料收集完毕后，命题人对材料进行删减、压缩，在这一过程中为了保持试题的原版性命题人一般是不会对文章加上几句话的，至多就是用极少的汉语解释几个别生僻关键的词汇。正是这一原因，导致考生有时候考生会感到文章有点难，充满了生僻词汇甚至充满了从所学语法角度分析不正确的语句表达。这是由英语试题命题要地道性、遵循原版性命题原则所决定的。如广告语言中，使用省略句不仅少花广告费，更重要的是简明、直观、不罗嗦。而且，为了保证语言的纯正、真实，文章可能涉及到一些生僻的专业词汇或陌生的人名、地名等，考生在解题的过程中千万不要被这些词所困，而应把注意力集中在关键信息和整体内容的理解上，因为这些词往往不影响解题，如2020年高考题中的L A，Hrs等。当遇到上述情况的时候建议考试不要着急，解题的关键为文章的突出字体,如：黑体字、报刊杂志上面的大号字体等，如2020年高考题中的56和57题就是直接跟应用文的标题匹配而锁定答案的；59和60题则是依靠黑体、大写字体来快速匹配答案。2020年的高考题中杂志封皮几乎所有的大号字体都是解题的关键，如56题的campus、58题的studying and living in the United Kingdom.2问题部分：命题人在有了命题材料之后就开始进入问题设置阶段。在设置问题的时候，命题人如果把问题设的过难而使考生读不懂的话考生就无从下手答题，因此问题部分都是用考生最常见的词汇和句型写出来的，简单易懂。此外，命题人所设置的问题大都是将具体的人、事 用于实际的情景或假设中。总的来讲问题的设置会遵守三大原则：一、 情景内容具体; 二、人物角色明确; 三、任务定位合理、针对性强。四、考生在答题过程中应采用的答题技巧及注意事项1解题技巧 ：(1) 详读问题项（匹配项）信息，抓住关键信息点。不同类别的应用文都有相对固定的要素，如培训班招生广告中多涉及课程 、时间、地点、教师、学费入学条件和联系方式等；剧院介绍则包括位置、联系电话、上演剧目、时间和票价等。而这些要素正是人物信息中个人关注的方面，所以，考生在详读人物信息匹配题的时候可以根据应用文的主题、话题或类别特点，以年龄、爱好、时间、地点、经济条件、工作技能等为线索，找出关键的不同信息，并在关键词下划线。如2020考题中 5660题的关键信息分别为：volunteer work for abused children; writing adventure stories for children; a part-time job; catalog; robbed和L.AParent.(2) 一些信号词后常引出关键信息。如：be interested inwould likeenjoyprefer towant tobe planning tochoose等后常接个人爱好的信息；only free at等后引出对时间的要求；villagetownfar away from 等则说明地理位置。(3) 逆向阅读应用文，匹配信息点。了解了各个人物所包含的不同关键信息后就要有针对性地对应用文进行寻读，对有关信息进行快速定位 、匹配。在这一个过程中要特别注意所给的标题和以黑体 、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这些很有可能是文章的核心或至少是一部分内容的概括。如 2020考题中的56和57题就是直接跟应用文的标题匹配而锁定答案的；59和60题则是依靠黑体、大写快速匹配答案。 注意相同、同义 、同词源的词或词组。如 60题LAParent和应用文 A篇中的 LAParent相同；56题abused children和应用文 E篇标题 中的 an abused child同义；57题 writing和应用文 B篇标题中WRIT ER同词源；59题 catalog和应用文 C篇中的catalog相同，且 robbed和应用文C篇标题中的Burglar有联系。(4)有时要特别留意一些数字或括号里的隐含信息。(5)做题时不要拘泥于原文的顺序，先易后难。容易项的标准是：个人关键信息最具有排他性或最特别。如58题我们先跳过不做, 待后面缩小范围再做。(6)划掉确定的匹配项，减少干扰。对已选的配对匹配项，可用笔划掉 ，从而缩小阅读与选择的范围，减少视线干扰，提高解题速度。最后要核实配对信息，确保答案准确无误。2注意事项：高考考察的是一个考生的综合素质，如随机应变能力、临场发挥能力等。但在信息匹配的考察中很多考生都会犯一个共同的错误，就是不能够仔细阅读问题的汉语说明。例如：阅读下面酒店信息，然后进行信息匹配A. Darlington Hyde ParkAlthough the Darlington Hyde Park is located in a safe area of London, the hotel has a number of safety measures in place, to further enable you to feel at ease during your stay: Discreet CCTV security cameras are positioned near all entrances and exits to the hotel, allowing 24-hour monitoring.Hotel FacilitiesGeneral: 24-Hour Front Desk, Non-Smoking Rooms, Elevator, Safety Deposit Box, Heating, Luggage Storage, Gay Friendly, All Public and Private spaces non-smoking.Services: Meeting/Banquet Facilities, Laundry, Dry Cleaning, Fax/Photocopying.Internet: Wireless internet is available in public areas and is free of charge.Pets: Pets are not allowed.Accepted credit cards: American Express, Visa, Euro/Mastercard, Diners Club, Maestro, Solo, SwitchB. Marina MandarinMarina Mandarin London-a 5 star business hotel with 575 well appointed rooms, award-winning restaurants, state-of-art meeting rooms, well-equipped facilities and a 24-hours business centreHotel FacilitiesGeneral: Restaurant, Bar, 24-Hour Front Desk, Non-Smoking Rooms, Rooms/Facilities for Disabled Guests.Services: Room Service, Meeting/Banquet Facilities, Business Centre, Babysitting/Child Services, Laundry, Dry Cleaning, Currency Exchange, Shoe Shine, Car Rental, Tour Desk, Fax/Photocopying, Ticket Service.Internet: Wired internet is available in the hotel rooms and