高二英语时态总结（二）通用版知识精讲

高二英语高二英语时态总结（二）通用版时态总结（二）通用版 【本讲主要内容】 时态总结（二） 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 【知识总结归纳】 一. 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其表达形式除了“will 或 shall 十动词 原形”外，还有以下几种形式。 （1） “to be going to 十动词原形” ，表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。 例如：It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today。 （2） go，come，start，move，sail，leave 等可用进行时态表示按计划即 将发生的动作。 例如：Im leaving for Beijing. （3） “be to 十动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。 例如：Are we to go on with this work? The boy is to go to school tomorrow （4） “be about to 十动词原形”表示即将发生的动作。 例如：We are about to leave. （5）某些词，如 come，go，leave，arrive，start 等的一般现在时和现在 进行时也可表示将来。 The meeting starts at five oclock. He is leaving tomorrow 二. 过去将来时 1. 过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将 来时由“should 或 would 十动词原形”构成。第一人称用 should，其他人称用 would。 例如：They were sure that they would succeed. 2. 表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用 would Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us. 三. 现在完成时 1. 表示动作过去已经完成，但对现在仍然有影响或表示经验； I have seen the film, and dont want to see it a second time. 2. 表示“过去的动作”一直延续至今并有可能继续下去，常与 for 或 since 等 短语连用； Ive worked at this school for many years. 3. 由终止性动词如 leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, die, fall, but, borrow, see 等构成的完成时不能与 for 或 since 引起 的时间状语连用； He has died for two years. He dies two years ago. He worked in the factory for 8 years. 现在完成时用于一些固定句式中。 since, so far, up to now, in the last/past, I havent heard from him since 1999. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时由“have 十过去分词”构成。其使用有两种情况： （1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。句中没 有具体时间状语。 例如：He has gone to Fuzhou. （说话人认为他不在该地） He has been to Fuzhou. （说话人认为他在该地） （2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。 常用 for 和 since 表示一段时间的状语或 so far，now，up to now, for a long time, till now, up to present, for the last（past）few years, these few days（weeks, months, years）, today, this week（month，year）等表示包括 现在时间在内的状语。例如： He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 1985. Now I have finished the work. 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如 come，go，die，marry，buy 等的完成时 不能与 for，since 等表示一段时间的词连用。 （3）现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中、表示将来某时完成的动作。 例如：Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning，well go to the park. 四. 一般过去时与现在完成时 1. 动作均发生在过去； 2. 过去时是叙述过去时间里发生过的事，而完成时强调该动作造成的结果，对 现在有影响。 I had lunch with my family at a restaurant near my home. 我吃了饭 I have had lunch with my family. 我吃过了，不想再吃了。 五. 过去时 两个或两个以上的动作均发生在过去，如果其中有一个是可持续的动词， 而另一个是持续时间很短的，则前者用过去进行时，后者用一般过去时。 They were waiting for us as we arrived. 两个或两个以上的动作均发生在过去，两个都是可持续的动词，两者都可 用过去进行时。 I was doing my homework while my dad was reading a novel. 两个或两个以上的动作均发生在过去，两个都是不可持续的动词，两者都 可用一般过去时。 As we arrived there, they met us at the gate. 两个动作均发生在过去，但有先后，则先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发 生是用一般过去时。 When I got to the station, the train had left. 六. 过去完成时 1. 过去完成时由“had 十过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时 刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态句中常用 by，before，until，when 等词 引导的时间状语。 例如：By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. 2. 过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去 某个时间 或持续下去。 例如：Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours. 【题型展示】 1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. （95，NMET 24） A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 本题考察的是现在完成时的一个基本的含义。动作发生在过去，对现在造成的 影响。在你描述她之前我们已经见过几次了，所以应该选择 B。 2. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. （91，MET 23） What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened 本题中 do you suppose 是插入语，问句用的是现在完成时， 是过去对现在 造成的影响， 所以答句也要用现在完成时，故选 C。 3. Im sorry to keep you waiting. （94，NMET 19） Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 本题的现在完成时表示的是现在的状态，故选择 A。 4. _ the sports meet might be put off. （95，NMET 16） Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told 本句表示我已经被通知到了，对现在的影响是内容我知道了，故选 A。 5. _ my glasses? （96，NMET 6） Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 选择现在完成时表示对现在的影响，看到没看到过。故选 D 6. My aunt _ to see us. Shell be here soon.（78，12） A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came 现在进行时表示将来。故选 B 7. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.（93 MET 18） A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 本题中有一个重要的时间状语 soon，表将来。故选 B 8. By eleven oclock yesterday, we _ at the airport.（80，14） A. had arrived B. have arrived C. shall arrive D. arrive 根据时间的先后关系，到昨天 11 点之前,应该用过去完成时。故选 A 9. By the time he was twelve, Edison _ to make a living by himself.（84，15） A. would begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun 根据时间的先后关系，到他 12 岁时，他就已经开始自己谋生了，应该用过去 完成时，故选 C。 10. The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _.（90，MET 32） A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen 本句为过去时, 房子被闯入应为过去的过去, 所以要用过去完成时的被动语态, 第二个空用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选 D 11. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _ for almost an hour.（92，NMET 30） A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away Mary 在 Jack 来之前已经离开一个小时了，故用过去完成时。故选 D 【实战模拟】 1. Tom _ into the house when no one _. （92，MET 40） A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked 2. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. （95，NMET 20） A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell 3. Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. （95，NMET 12） Its 9568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 4. The price _ , but I doubt whether it will remain so. （99，GD 28） A. went down B. will go down C. was going down D. has gone down 5. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing 6. He _ he would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beginning to look difficult. A. hopes B. was hoping C. had hoped D. was hoping 7. You _ television