2020届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 9 Wheels讲练精品学案 北师大版必修3

Module 3Unit 9 Wheels1.convenient adj.便利的，方便的，近便的【精讲拓展】It is convenient for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说方便(convenient作表语时，主语是物或使用形式主语时，不能用人作主语)conveniencen.方便，便利for ones convenience为了方便，为了实用to ones convenience对某人方便at ones convenience在合适的时候，在某人方便的时候【典型例句】Is it convenient for you to go shopping with me？你方便与我一起去购物么？ 朗文当代Just for convenience，Im going to live at my mothers place untilmy new house is ready.为了方便，我打算在我的新居收拾好之前先住在我母亲那儿。 剑桥高阶The goods will be delivered at your convenience.货物随要随到。 剑桥高阶即学即用翻译句子方便时把这事做一做。Please do the work at your convenience.2.benefit n.&v.好处，利益；受益，有益于【精讲拓展】benefit sb./sth.有益于某人/某物benefit by/from sth.得益于，从中受益be of benefit to.be beneficial to.对有益，对有好处to ones benefitto ones advantage对某人有利for ones benefitfor the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益【典型例句】Doing morning exercises benefits our health and we benefit from it.做早操对我们的健康有益即我们从做早操中受益。 朗文当代She drinks a lot less now，to the benefit of (resulting in animprovement in)her health as a whole.她现在酒喝得少多了，整个身体健康状况也有所改善。 剑桥高阶The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor.这笔钱将用于救助穷人。 朗文当代即学即用Our new house is_ for me as I can get to the office infive minutes.A.adaptable B.comfortable C.convenient D.available解析：句意为：我们的新家对我而言(交通)非常方便，因为我在5分钟之间可到达办公室。A项表“适应性强的”；B项表“令人舒适的”；D项表“可得到的，可利用的”。答案：C3.consequence n.后果，结果【精讲拓展】answer for the consequencestake/suffer/bear/deal with/face the consequences承担后果as a consequencein consequence结果，因此as a consequence ofin consequence ofas a result of.由于，因的缘故be consequent on/upon随发生的，作为结果的【典型例句】His success was consequent on his hard work.他的成功是勤奋工作的结果。 朗文当代She was found guilty，and lost her job in consequence.她被判有罪，因而也失去了工作。 朗文当代Scientists think it unlikely that any species will actually become extinct as a consequence of the oil spill.科学家们认为实际上不太可能会有什么物种因为石油泄漏而灭绝。 剑桥高阶Well，if you insist on eating so much，youll have to suffer/take(accept and deal with)the consequences！好吧，要是你坚持吃这么多，你会自食其果的！ 剑桥高阶即学即用完成句子你的意见对我而言不重要。Your opinion is of little consequence to me.解析：of抽象名词抽象名词的形容词。如：of valuevaluable，of importanceimportant。4.argue vi.&vt.争吵，争辩；说服，主张【精讲拓展】argue for sth.为辩论，赞同argue against sth.据理反对argue with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人争辩某事argue o/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事argue that 从句主张，认为It is beyond argument that.是无可争辩的【典型例句】It is beyond argument that he is a foreigner.毫无疑问他是一个外国人。 朗文当代They were arguing with each other about the war.他们正在为这场战争展开辩论。 朗文当代I argued him out of leaving his job.我极力劝他不要辞职。 朗文当代The minister argued for/in favour of/against making cuts inmilitary spending.部长提出支持/反对削减军费开支的理由。 剑桥高阶即学即用翻译句子他主张立即行动。He argued for immediate action.你为什么老说我的不是？Why do you always argue against me?5.appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏【精讲拓展】appreciate sth.欣赏；珍惜某事/物appreciate doing sth.乐于干事；感激appreciate one/ones doing乐于做某事，感激，感谢I would appreciate it if.如果，我将不胜感激【典型例句】I appreciate your making the effort to come.你能拨冗前来，我深表感激。 剑桥高阶I greatly appreciate what you have done for me.我非常感谢你为我所做的一切。 朗文当代The pet very much appreciates being treated that way.那宠物非常喜欢那样对待它。 朗文当代I would appreciate it if you could let me know(Please let me know)in advance whether or not you will be coming.如能提前告知能否前来，我将不胜感激。 剑桥高阶即学即用Id appreciate_if you would turn the radio down.A.it B.one C.that D./解析：句意为：请你把收音机的音量调低一些。appreciate，love，like，hate，stand等动词后接if或when引导的从句时，要用it作形式宾语。答案：A6.content adj.满意的，甘愿的vt.使满意n.内容，目录【精讲拓展】be content with对感到满意be content to do sth.甘愿做某事content sb.with满足于【典型例句】The content of his speech was good.他演讲的内容不错。 朗文当代He is always content with a little book knowledge only.他总是满足于仅有的一点书本知识。 朗文当代He is content to live in the countryside.他甘愿住在乡下。 朗文当代I wanted to take two weeks holiday，but had to content myselfwith one because the office was so busy.我本想休两周的假，不过因为公司太忙，休假一周也就算了。 剑桥高阶即学即用翻译句子他对测验结果很满意。He is well content with the result of the test.7.occupy vt.占领，占据；居住；使忙于【精讲拓展】occupy sth.占据/领/用occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.从事于，忙于，专心于be occupied with sth./in doing sth.忙于某事/做某事keep sb.occupied使某人忙碌【典型例句】He is occupied with a book/in writing a book.他正忙于写一本书。朗文当代Writing occupies most of my free time.写作占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。朗文当代On long car journeys I occupy myself with solving maths puzzles.在乘坐汽车长途旅行中，我解数学难题来打发时间。剑桥高阶即学即用Having retired from business，he now_himself withwelfare of the disabled.A.associates B.occupies C.charges D.rewards解析：句意为：退休以后，他使自己忙于残疾人的福利。occupy oneself with表“从事于，忙于”。答案：B8.feed n.饲料 vi.&vt.喂养，饲养；放牧，进食【精讲拓展】feed on 以为主食，以当饲料feed.on/with用喂养feed.to.把喂给be fed up with对厌烦【典型例句】The horses fed quietly.马儿在静静地吃草。朗文当代Im fed up with this job.我对这份工作极其厌烦。朗文当代The leftover food is fed to pigs.剩下的食物被用来喂猪。朗文当代即学即用完成句子We feed sheep on/with grasswe feed grass to sheep.解析：句意为：我们用草喂羊。9.compare vi.&vt.比较，与相比【精讲拓展】compare.with.把和相比较compare.to.把比做compared to/with与相比(常作状语)compare with与匹敌(常用于否定句)compare notes对笔记，交换意见in comparision with与相比by comparision比较起来(用于句首)【典型例句】In comparision to your problems，mine are almost insignificant.与你的问题比较起来，我的几乎算不了什么。 朗文当代Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。 美国传统This house costs more but is cheaper by comparision.这幢房子价格较高，但比起来还是便宜的。 朗文当代Life in a town cant compare with life in the country.乡村的生活比城镇好得多。 朗文当代即学即用_to/with America culture，Chinese culture has a longhistory.A.Compare B.Comparing C.Compared D.To compare解析：句意为：与美国文化相比，中国文化有更长的历史。compared为过去分词作状语与句子主语Chinese culture成被动关系。答案：C10.rely vi.依靠，依赖，依仗【精讲拓展】rely on/upon依靠，依赖，信任，指望rely on/upon sb.to do sth.依靠/指望某人做某事rely on/upon sb.for sth.指望某人某事rely on/upon sb.doing sth.指望某人做某事【典型例句】You can rely on me to keep your secret.你可以相信我为你保密。 朗文当代Can we rely on the weather？天气靠得住吗？ 朗文当代Our headteacher is really a reliable man.我们的班主任是完全可以信赖的人。 朗文当代Shes relying on her parents to pay her rent.她靠父母的钱付房租。 美国传统即学即用You may rely on_ I shall help you.A.that B.it C.it that D./解析：句意为：你可指望我的帮助。除了but，except，besides三个介词后可跟that引导的宾语从句外，其它介词均不可接that从句，但如果将it作形式宾语时，介词后可接that引导的宾语从句。答案：C11.admit vt.承认，容纳，准许入内vi.容许【精讲拓展】admit sth./doing sth.承认某事/做某事admit sb./sth.to be承认某人/某事admit that从句承认admit sb./sth.to/into允许某人/某事/进入admit of 容忍某事物，容许有be admitted to被录取到【典型例句】Work hard ，and you must be admitted to that famous university.好好努力，你一定会被那所著名的大学录取的。 朗文当代I must admit that you are right.我必须承认你是对的。美国传统The operation admits of no delay.这个手术不容拖延。 朗文当代Admitting having broken the window，he didnt pay for it.他虽然承认了打坏玻璃，但不赔偿。 朗文当代即学即用She opened the door and_.A.admitted us into the house B.admitted us to goC.admit as D.A or B解析：句意为：她打开门让我们进了房间。无admit sb. todo这种形式。答案：A12.likely adj.有可能的，有希望的【精讲拓展】It is likely that.很有可能Sb./Sth.is likely to do有可能做某事It is likely for sb.to do sth.某人很有可能做某事There is a (good)chance/much chance that从句很有可能There are chances that从句有可能It is possible/probable that从句是有可能的It is possible to do sth.是有可能的【典型例句】It is likely to rain.看来要下雨了。It is likely that he will succeed.他有可能成功。The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.有可能四个吸烟的人中就有一个会死于吸烟。It is possible for him to do so.他做这事是可能的。work out 算出；制定出；锻炼身体；产生结果【精讲拓展】work out ones age计算出某人年龄work out a plan制订出计划work out the differences消除分歧work at致力于，从事工作work as 当，做工作work against努力反对work for为工作，努力促成work wonders创造奇迹【典型例句】How will things work out？事情结果会怎样呢？Shes working out in the gym.她正在健身房锻炼身体。I cant work out the meaning of this poem.我弄不懂这首诗的意思。The bell isnt working.铃不响了。1.It is believed by many people to have been gradually covered overby sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500.很多人相信，它是在公元200年至公元500年之间被风沙渐渐覆盖了。【精讲拓展】It is believed that.这是一个固定句型，it为形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句，且that不能省略，意为“人们相信”，这种结构常可转换为Sb./Sth. is believed to do./to havedone.(表示已经完成的动作)。【归纳拓展】类似的结构还有：(1)It is said that.to doSb./Sth. is said 据说to have done(2)It is announced that.to doSb./Sth. is announced 据宣布to have done(3)It is supposed that.to doSb./Sth. is supposed 人们认为to have done(4)It is known that.to doSb./Sth. is known 众所周知to have done(5)It is reported that.to doSb./Sth. is reported 据报道to have done(6)It is hoped that.to doSb./Sth. is hoped 人们希望to have done(7)It is thought that.to doSb./Sth. is thought 人们认为to have done(8)It is suggested that.to doSb./Sth. is suggested 有人建议to have done(9)It is ordered that.to doSb./Sth. is ordered 已下令to have done(10)It is learned that.to doSb./Sth. is learned 据悉to have done注意：Sb./Sth. is said/reported/.to do.句型中，动词不定式可用一般式to do，进行式to be doing或完成式to have done，根据具体语境具体分析，选用正确的时态和语态。即学即用完成句子He is said to have won (据说已赢了)this game.It is known to all that (众所周知)he is one of the bestteachers in our school.Its hoped (人们希望)that such a thing should be made knownto all.句型转换Its believed that Helen is Johns wifeinlaw.Helen is believed to be Johns wifeinlaw.Another earth satellite is reported to have been put into orbit.It is reported that another earth satellite has been putinto orbit.It is said that the book has been translated into several languages.The book is said to have been translated into severallanguages.2.Not only was Rome a city and a republic，but it was also tobecome the capital of one of the largest empires in history.此时的罗马不仅是一座城市和一个共和国，它也将成为历史上最大帝国之一的都城。【精讲拓展】此句中not only.but also.意为“不仅而且”，是一个连词词组，此结构也可写成not only.but.或not only.but.as well的形式，当not only位于句首时，not only引导的句子需用部分倒装，而but(also)引导的句子必须用正常语序。但当not only.butalso连接两个并列主语时不倒装。即学即用完成句子 Not only will help be given (不仅提供帮助)to people tofind jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided forpeople who need it.Not only does he teach us knowledge (他不仅教我们知识)，but he also teaches us how to be a useful person.3.What is interesting is that the other largest city was Rome.有趣的是，当时另外一座最大的城市就是罗马。【精讲拓展】此句中what is interesting是what引导的主语从句，what在此主语从句中充当主语，后面that引导的是表语从句，that在表语从句中不作成分，只起连接的作用。【归纳拓展】what引导的名词性从句的用法：(1)what可用来引导名词性从句中的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。What he said is true.(主语从句)他说的话是真的。Thats what it is.(表语从句)情况就是这样。(2)与that引导名词性从句不同的是，what除了起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.(作主语)值得做的事情就值得把它做好。That was what he did this morning.(作宾语)那就是他早晨干的事。(3)有时what相当于定语从句中的关系代词和先行词，等于thething that。Show me what(the things that)you have bought.把你买的东西给我看看。(4)另外，what的此种用法还可以表示时间(the time that)、地点(the place that)、人物(the person that)、数目(the amount/number that)等不同概念。She is no longer what she was five years ago.她已不是五年前的那个人了。(5)当what引导的名词性从句表示时间、地点等概念时，注意区别what、when和where的不同，when和where既可引导名词性从句，又可引导定语从句，修饰表示时间和地点的名词；what不能引导定语从句。即学即用用正确的连接词填空，并分析该连接词在从句中充当什么成分The boss came up to ask what；主语 was the matter.What；宾语 they need badly are doctors and nurses.After what；主语 seemed a long wait，the results wereannounced.Our income is now double what；表语it was ten years ago.1.Dont you know our school at all?No，this is the first time (that) I_here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming解析：句型It/This/That is the first time(that)从句，表“这是第一次干”，表示对说话时的影响，主句用一般现在时，从句就用现在完成时；主句用一般过去时，从句就用过去完成时。答案：B2.Madame Curie，for_life had once been very hard，wassuccessful later.A.whom B.whose C.which D.who解析：句意为：居里夫人以前的生活曾经相当艰难，后来取得了巨大的成功。定语从句修饰Madame Curie，whom作介词for的宾语，意为“对于来说”。答案：A3.What worried the child most was_to visit his mother inhospital.A.his not allowing B.his not being allowedC.his being not allowed D.having not been allowed解析：句意为：令那个小孩最担忧的是不允许他去医院见他的母亲。动名词的复合结构作表语，allow与child成被动关系，动名词的否定式是在其前面加not。答案：B4.Hes _to know the answer.A.likely B.probable C.maybe D.possible解析：句意为：他可能知道答案。只有likely的主语可以是人，物或it。答案：A5.It is difficult to _cause and effect in this case.A.unite B.think C.relate D.describe解析：句意为：很难将这件事的因果关系联系起来。unite表“联合”；describe表“描述”；relate表“把与联系起来”。答案：C6.With the prices of everyday goods_，he can hardlysupport his family now.A.going up B.go up C.raise D.raising解析：句意为：由于日常生活用品价格上升，他现在几乎难以养活这个家庭。with的复合结构作状语，即with名/代词现在分词作状语。答案：A7.John confessed_the cigarette to his father.A.take B.have taken C.have D.to taking解析：句意为：约翰向他父亲承认他拿了烟。confess后可直接接名词、动名词、从句，也可加to后接动名词，意为：“承认做”。答案：D8._is necessary，according to the manager，is tomake all our products safe for consumers.A.As B.It C.What D.That解析：句意为：根据经理的看法，必须让所有的产品让消费者放心。 according to短语是插入语。What is necessary是主语从句，从句的引导词在主语从句中作is necessary的主语，故用what。答案：C9.In my opinion，the lecture we attended this afternoon was worsethan_given last week.A.what B.one C.that D.which解析：句意为：依我看，我们今天下午听的报告要比上星期做的报告差些。替代词that表特指lecture，one表泛指。答案：C10.Show more respect for your mother.I wont_youspeaking to her like that!A.allow B.permit C.forbid D.have解析：句意为：要对你母亲尊重些，我不会让你那样同她说话。have sb.doing表“听任某人”allow，permit，forbid后接sb.作宾语时后常接to do作宾补。答案：D动名词doing一、动名词具有名词、动词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语。动名词有两态两式。1.主动态的一般式、完成式(即doing，having done)2.被动态的一般式、完成式(即being done，having been done)二、用法1.主语(表一般性动作或状态)Playing football is my favourite sport.踢球是我喜欢的运动。Getting up earlier is a good habit.早起是个好习惯。句型：It is no use/good doing sth.干事是没用的。There is no need/point/hurry/use/harm (in) doing sth.干事是没必要/意义/不急/没用/没伤害的事。It is no good waiting here.Lets walk home.在这等没用，让我们走回家吧。There is no point arguing with her.跟她吵没意思。2.表语动名词作表语，句子主语常是无生命的名词，说明句子的主语所讲的内容是什么。My job is teaching you English.我的工作就是教你英语。What she hated most was resting at home and doing nothing.她最讨厌的就是呆在家里无所事事。3.宾语动词的直接宾语动词mind ，miss，enjoy，excuse，escape，admit，avoid，appreciate，finish，forgive，suggest，practise，imagine，resist，risk，fancy，quit，delay等后常接动名词作宾语。Do you mind answering my question？你愿回答我的问题吗？The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed being caught.那只小松鼠很幸运没能被人抓住。介词宾语Thank you for helping me.谢谢你的帮助。He left without saying anything.他什么都没说就走了。但要注意以下短语中的to为介词，后接动名词、名词作宾语：object to (反对)，oppose to(反对)，be/get used to(习惯于)，devote oneself to(致力于)，get down to(开始认真做)，pay attention to(注意)，look forward to(期待)，refer to(提到，谈到)某些短语的宾语be worth，be busy，feel like，give up，put off，burst outHe is busy cleaning the room.他正忙于打扫房间。The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。4.定语动名词作定语与被修饰词无主谓关系，说明被修饰词的作用与用途。reading room阅览室walking stick拐杖swimming pool游泳池writing desk写字台三、动名词的复合结构动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致(即动名词有它自身的逻辑主语)就构成了动名词的复合结构。构成：物主代词(名词所有格)动名词Johns coming back excited all of us.约翰的归来使我们都激动。Would you mind me/my opening the window？我打开窗户你介意吗？注意：(1)动名词的复合结构作主语必须用名词或代词的所有格。(2)动名词的复合结构作宾语，可用所有格，也可用宾格形式。(3)动名词意义上的主语为无生命的名词或抽象名词时，则用普通格，不加s。(4)两个以上的有生命的名词并列或中间有短语相间时，或是表示人但表泛指意义时，则用宾格或普通格。I am very glad of the exam being over.我很高兴考试结束了。Do you remember my brother and me coming to see you the other day?你可记得我弟弟与我那天来看你的情景？Have you even heard of women practising boxing？你可听说过女同志练拳击？I regret to say I cant go with you.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能跟你一起去。I dont mean to hurt you.我无意伤害你。2.行为动词need，want，require，demand，deserve后接动词，而该动词与前面的主语形成被动关系，则该动词用doing(主动动名词)或to be done(被动不定式)The machine needs repairing(to be repaired)这台机器需要修理了。3.动词love，like，hate，prefer等后接动名词作宾语表一般倾向，接不定式常表特定的某一次的具体行为。I like swimming but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天下午我不想去游泳1.The professor suggested_halfway.A.him not giving out B.his not giving upC.him not to give up D.not his giving out解析：句意为：教授建议他不要中途放弃。sugges