马伯里诉麦迪逊案中英双文版PPT课件

.,1,Marburyv.Madison,Thecase,.,2,TheFacts,AttheDecemberTerm,1801,WilliamMarbury,DennisRamsay,RobertTownsendHooe,andWilliamHarper,bytheircounsel,severallymovedthecourtforaruletoJamesMadison,SecretaryofStateoftheUnitedStates,toshowcausewhyamandamusshouldnotissuecommandinghimtocausetobedeliveredtothemrespectivelytheirseveralcommissionsasjusticesofthepeaceintheDistrictofColumbia.,1801年12月，威廉马伯里、丹尼拉姆塞、罗伯特汤森和威廉哈伯分别通过律师对美国国务卿詹姆斯麦迪逊提起诉讼，要求最高法院裁决麦迪逊就他拒不发放马伯里等人就认哥伦比亚地区地方执法官的委任状一事说明理由。,.,3,TheFacts,Thismotionwassupportedbyaffidavitsofthefollowingfacts:thatnoticeofthismotionhadbeengiventoMr.Madison;thatMr.Adams,thelatePresidentoftheUnitedStates,nominatedtheapplicantstotheSenatefortheiradviceandconsenttobeappointedjusticesofthepeaceoftheDistrictofColumbia;thattheSenateadvisedandconsentedtotheappointments;,此项请求的依据如下：发放委任状的通知已经送达到了麦迪逊手上；美国前总统亚当斯向参议院提名马伯里等人就认哥伦比亚地区的地方执法官，参议院讨论并通过了这项任命。,.,4,TheFacts,thatcommissionsindueformweresignedbythesaidPresidentappointingthemjustices,andthatthesealoftheUnitedStateswasindueformaffixedtothesaidcommissionsbytheSecretaryofState;thattheapplicantshaverequestedMr.Madisontodeliverthemtheirsaidcommissions,whohasnotcompliedwiththatrequest;thattheapplicantshavemadeapplicationtoMr.MadisonasSecretaryofStateoftheUnitedStatesathisoffice,forinformationwhetherthecommissionsweresignedandsealedasaforesaid;,亚当斯总统正式签署了委任他们为地方执法官的委任状并由国务卿正式地在委任状上加盖了美国国印。马伯里等人要求没有按规定发放委任状的麦迪逊国务卿送出他们所述的委任状。马伯里等人已经向国务卿办公室申请了说明委任状是否被登记并签章的信息。,.,5,TheFacts,thatexplicitandsatisfactoryinformationhasnotbeengiveninanswertothatinquiry,eitherbytheSecretaryofStateoranyofficerintheDepartmentofState;thatapplicationhasbeenmadetothesecretaryoftheSenateforacertificateofthenominationoftheapplicants,andoftheadviceandconsentoftheSenate,whohasdeclinedgivingsuchacertificate,对于以上质询，没有任何政府官员给予明确且令人满意的回复。申请还被送交给了参议院秘书来证明马伯里等人已经因参议院的同意和批准而得到任命。但参议院秘书拒绝给予证明。,.,6,TheFacts,Mr.JacobWagnerandMr.DanielBrent,whohadbeensummonedtoattendthecourt,andwererequiredtogiveevidence,Thecourtorderedthewitnessestobesworn,andtheiranswerstakeninwriting,butinformedthemthat,whenthequestionswereasked,theymightstatetheirobjectionstoansweringeachparticularquestion,iftheyhadany.Mr.Lincoln,whohadbeentheactingSecretaryofState,wascalledupontogivetestimony.Heobjectedtoanswering.Thequestionswereputinwriting.,雅各瓦格纳和丹尼布伦特先生被传唤出庭并按要求提供证据。法庭要求证人宣誓并告知他们在回答问题是可以提出异议。曾代理过国务卿的林肯先生应邀出庭作证。所有的问题都已经记录在案。,.,7,Theissues,WhethertheSupremeCourtcanawardthewritofmandamusinanycase.WhetheritwilllietoaSecretaryofState,inanycasewhatever.Whether,inthepresentcase,theCourtmayawardamandamustoJamesMadison,SecretaryofState.,.,8,Thesummary,这是一个关于类似于行政诉讼的案件，马伯里请求最高法院依据1789年司法法向美国国务卿下达强制令要求其发放马伯里等人的委任书，而主审法官马歇尔却由此引发了一个极有价值的宪法问题，即宪法与一般法律发生冲突，应适用哪部法律，以及谁有权做出决定的问题。马歇尔认为宪法是优先的、最高的法律；就具体的案件司法机关具有决定适用宪法、认定违背宪法的法律无效的权力，从而开创了美国司法机关审查宪法立法的先河。Itsaboutasimilartotheadministrativelitigationcase,MaBoLiappealedtotheSupremeCourtbasisin1789thejudiciallawtothesecretaryofstatedemandsofitsissuedaninjunctionissuedMaBoLiwaitforapersonappointsandpresidingjudgeMarshallwascausedbyaveryvaluableconstitutionalissues,namelyconstitutionandlawingeneraltheconflict,shouldapplytowhichlegal,andwhoshallhavetherighttomakedecisionproblem.Marshallsaystheconstitutionispreferred,thehighestlegal,Specificcases